优质高羊茅草皮生产技术研究
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摘要
草坪建植的方式多种多样,而草坪卷铺植以其见效快,易操作等优点,已经被广大绿化工作者普遍接受。由于草坪卷是一种有生命力的、持续消耗、季节性很强的商品,受市场的干扰大,季节性波动明显,生产中只有提高草坪卷的质量并尽量缩短生产周期,才能降低草坪滞留时间的机会生产成本和增加单位面积土地的产值,增强市场竞争力。本研究以高羊茅草种南拳王为材料,研究不同播种量、施氮肥量和修剪高度对高羊茅草皮生产的影响。通过测定密度、盖度、茎蘖数、生物量、分层根系鲜干重比、2.5cm草皮土层带走土壤重量以及综合质量几项指标,明确了适宜的播种量、施肥量和修剪高度,为长江流域高羊茅草皮的生产提供一定的参考。试验结果表明：
1.在不同的播种量(20、25、30、35、40g/m2)条件下,对高羊茅(南拳王)的生长及草皮质量进行了研究。结果表明：播种量为25-30g/m2,草皮单位面积生物量高,草皮带走土壤重量少,绿色盖度和综合质量等较好,密度、茎蘖数等较适宜。4月份出圃,草皮根系健壮,带走土壤少,对环境破坏小。
2.在不同的氮肥追施量(0、2.5、5、7.5 g N/m2)条件下,研究了高羊茅(南拳王)的生长情况及草皮质量的变化。结果表明：草皮绿色盖度、综合质量、茎蘖数、生物量随着施肥量的增加而增加。氮肥追施量为5g/m2时,单位面积地下部生物量和地下0-5cm根量占0-25cm根量的干重比例最大,2.5cm草皮土层带走的土壤重量最少,对土壤生态环境的破坏程度较小,且经济效益较好。在此施肥量下,草皮茎蘖数、单位面积总生物量较高,绿色盖度和综合质量较好。因此,5gN/m2比较适合高羊茅草皮生产。
3.试验研究了修剪高度对草皮盖度、茎蘖数、生物量、分层根系生物量和综合质量的影响。结果表明：修剪高度为5-7cm时,草皮盖度、外观综合质量较好,地上部和地下部生物量积累较多；同时在此修剪范围内,0-5cm根系量占总根系量的比例较高,草皮质量较好。因此,5-7cm修剪高度比较适合高羊茅草皮的生产。
4.播种量为25 g/m2,施肥量为5gN/m2,修剪高度为7-9cm时,草皮0-5cm根系量占总根系量的比例最大,带走土壤重量较少,这给土壤生态环境造成的破坏少,其带来的经济效益和生态效益就相应好。
5.试验结果表明4月份草皮各项指标都比较好,生长状况良好。5月开始草皮地下部生物量下降,0-5cm根系量占0-25cm总根系量的比例开始下降,草皮带走的土壤量增加,最终导致草皮质量下降,因此铲草时间不宜迟于4月。
As a pattern of turf establishment, sod is generally accepted by gardening people because it has fast effect and is easy to operate. As sod is a live, seasonal, of sustainable consumption merchandise with great disturbance by market, we can only improve its quality and shorten production cycle as possible to reduce opportunity cost caused by turf residence time and increase output value of per unit area land, strengthening market competition in the end. With Southern Gold tall fescue as the material, effects of different seeding rates, nitrogenous fertilization and trimming height on the production of tall fescue turf were studied. Density, green coverage, tiller number, biomass, the ratio of fresh weight to dry weight in ground root, soil weight of 2.5 cm root system entrainment and comprehensive sod quality were determined. In this study, feasible seeding rate, nitrogenous fertilization and trimming height were obtained, which provide references to tall fescue production in the Yangtze River basin. The main results were as follows:
1. Effects of different seeding rate (20,25,30,35,40 g/m2) on Southern Gold tall fescue turf growth and quality were researched. The results showed that 25-30 g/m2 of seeding rate could increase biomass of per unit area land, maintained good green coverage and comprehensive quality, with suitable density and tiller number. Under the seeding rate, sod could be transplanted in April, and it also had hale root. As entrained less soil, it induced little destroy to surrounding environment.
2. Effects of different N fertilization (0,2.5,5,7.5 g N/m2) on Southern Gold tall fescue turf growth and quality were investigated. We obtained that 5 g N/m2 was the best from the results. The more N fertilization was, the higher lever sod green coverage, comprehensive quality, tiller number and biomass maintained in.5 g N/m2 treatment had the most root biomass of per unit area land and the ratio ofD-5 cm root biomass to 0-25cm.2.5 cm turf entrained the least soil, which less damaged the soil environment, with better economic benefits. Under the N fertilization of 5 g/m2, tiller number, biomass of per unit area land, green coverage and comprehensive quality maintained on a higher lever.
3. The influence of trimming height on vegetation coverage, tiller numbers, biomass and turf quality were discussed in this paper. We conclude that the optimum mowing height ranged form 5 to 7cm. At such height, the vegetative coverage, tiller numbers, the biomass accumulation, the amount of roots distributing in 0 to 5cm surface layer soil were high, as well the turf quality was better.
4. Under 25g/m2 of seeding rate,5 g/m2 of N fertilization and 7-9cm of trimming height, the ratio of 0-5cm turf root biomass to total root biomass (0-25cm) was biggest,2.5cm sod entrained less soil, which less damaged the soil environment, with better economical and ecological benefits.
5. All the results showed that the turf growth condition was good in April with each indexes maintaining on higher level. Root biomass and the ratio of 0-5cm root biomass to 0-25 total root biomass started to descend in May, with soil weight entrained by 2.5cm turf increasing, resulting in the decline of turf quality. Sod should not be harvested later than April.
1.在不同的播种量(20、25、30、35、40g/m2)条件下,对高羊茅(南拳王)的生长及草皮质量进行了研究。结果表明：播种量为25-30g/m2,草皮单位面积生物量高,草皮带走土壤重量少,绿色盖度和综合质量等较好,密度、茎蘖数等较适宜。4月份出圃,草皮根系健壮,带走土壤少,对环境破坏小。
2.在不同的氮肥追施量(0、2.5、5、7.5 g N/m2)条件下,研究了高羊茅(南拳王)的生长情况及草皮质量的变化。结果表明：草皮绿色盖度、综合质量、茎蘖数、生物量随着施肥量的增加而增加。氮肥追施量为5g/m2时,单位面积地下部生物量和地下0-5cm根量占0-25cm根量的干重比例最大,2.5cm草皮土层带走的土壤重量最少,对土壤生态环境的破坏程度较小,且经济效益较好。在此施肥量下,草皮茎蘖数、单位面积总生物量较高,绿色盖度和综合质量较好。因此,5gN/m2比较适合高羊茅草皮生产。
3.试验研究了修剪高度对草皮盖度、茎蘖数、生物量、分层根系生物量和综合质量的影响。结果表明：修剪高度为5-7cm时,草皮盖度、外观综合质量较好,地上部和地下部生物量积累较多；同时在此修剪范围内,0-5cm根系量占总根系量的比例较高,草皮质量较好。因此,5-7cm修剪高度比较适合高羊茅草皮的生产。
4.播种量为25 g/m2,施肥量为5gN/m2,修剪高度为7-9cm时,草皮0-5cm根系量占总根系量的比例最大,带走土壤重量较少,这给土壤生态环境造成的破坏少,其带来的经济效益和生态效益就相应好。
5.试验结果表明4月份草皮各项指标都比较好,生长状况良好。5月开始草皮地下部生物量下降,0-5cm根系量占0-25cm总根系量的比例开始下降,草皮带走的土壤量增加,最终导致草皮质量下降,因此铲草时间不宜迟于4月。
As a pattern of turf establishment, sod is generally accepted by gardening people because it has fast effect and is easy to operate. As sod is a live, seasonal, of sustainable consumption merchandise with great disturbance by market, we can only improve its quality and shorten production cycle as possible to reduce opportunity cost caused by turf residence time and increase output value of per unit area land, strengthening market competition in the end. With Southern Gold tall fescue as the material, effects of different seeding rates, nitrogenous fertilization and trimming height on the production of tall fescue turf were studied. Density, green coverage, tiller number, biomass, the ratio of fresh weight to dry weight in ground root, soil weight of 2.5 cm root system entrainment and comprehensive sod quality were determined. In this study, feasible seeding rate, nitrogenous fertilization and trimming height were obtained, which provide references to tall fescue production in the Yangtze River basin. The main results were as follows:
1. Effects of different seeding rate (20,25,30,35,40 g/m2) on Southern Gold tall fescue turf growth and quality were researched. The results showed that 25-30 g/m2 of seeding rate could increase biomass of per unit area land, maintained good green coverage and comprehensive quality, with suitable density and tiller number. Under the seeding rate, sod could be transplanted in April, and it also had hale root. As entrained less soil, it induced little destroy to surrounding environment.
2. Effects of different N fertilization (0,2.5,5,7.5 g N/m2) on Southern Gold tall fescue turf growth and quality were investigated. We obtained that 5 g N/m2 was the best from the results. The more N fertilization was, the higher lever sod green coverage, comprehensive quality, tiller number and biomass maintained in.5 g N/m2 treatment had the most root biomass of per unit area land and the ratio ofD-5 cm root biomass to 0-25cm.2.5 cm turf entrained the least soil, which less damaged the soil environment, with better economic benefits. Under the N fertilization of 5 g/m2, tiller number, biomass of per unit area land, green coverage and comprehensive quality maintained on a higher lever.
3. The influence of trimming height on vegetation coverage, tiller numbers, biomass and turf quality were discussed in this paper. We conclude that the optimum mowing height ranged form 5 to 7cm. At such height, the vegetative coverage, tiller numbers, the biomass accumulation, the amount of roots distributing in 0 to 5cm surface layer soil were high, as well the turf quality was better.
4. Under 25g/m2 of seeding rate,5 g/m2 of N fertilization and 7-9cm of trimming height, the ratio of 0-5cm turf root biomass to total root biomass (0-25cm) was biggest,2.5cm sod entrained less soil, which less damaged the soil environment, with better economical and ecological benefits.
5. All the results showed that the turf growth condition was good in April with each indexes maintaining on higher level. Root biomass and the ratio of 0-5cm root biomass to 0-25 total root biomass started to descend in May, with soil weight entrained by 2.5cm turf increasing, resulting in the decline of turf quality. Sod should not be harvested later than April.
引文
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