骡鸭杂粕日粮加酶对其生产性能及消化机能的影响
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摘要
本试验通过研究复合酶制剂对骡鸭生产性能和养分利用率的影响,确定杂粕在3～8周龄骡鸭日粮中的最佳配比。并在最佳配比的杂粕日粮中添加复合酶制剂,研究其对骡鸭消化道酶活性及消化道形态结构的影响,从消化生理角度探讨在杂粕型日粮中添加复合酶制剂的促生长机理,为复合酶制剂及杂粕在骡鸭生产中的合理应用提供依据。
试验一研究了杂粕型日粮添加复合酶制剂对骡鸭生产性能和养分利用率的影响。将3周龄骡鸭(320只)随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每重复20只(公母各半),试验期为3～8周。对照组饲喂含8%杂粕(菜籽粕+棉籽粕)的日粮;试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别饲喂含14%、16%和18%杂粕(菜籽粕+棉籽粕)的日粮,添加0.18 g·kg~(-1)复合酶制剂。在相同的饲养管理条件下,观测复合酶制剂对各组骡鸭生产性能、养分利用率及饲养效益的影响,以此筛选杂粕的最佳配比。结果表明,各试验组与对照组骡鸭的成活率、增重、料重比、养分利用率及饲养效益均无显著差异(P＞0.05);但试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组每千克增重分别比对照组节约饲料成本0、0.09和0.01元。从增重、料重比、养分利用率和饲养效益方面综合分析,杂粕在骡鸭日粮中的最佳配比为16%。
试验二研究了杂粕型日粮添加复合酶制剂对骡鸭消化道酶活性及肠道形态结构的影响。将60只15日龄骡鸭随机分为3组,每组20只(公母各半)。Ⅰ组饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂含16%(由试验一确定)杂粕(菜籽粕+棉籽粕)的日粮,不添加复合酶制剂,Ⅲ组饲喂含16%(由试验一确定)杂粕(菜籽粕+棉籽粕)的日粮,添加0.18 g·kg~(-1)复合酶制剂。观测复合酶制剂对21日龄和28日龄骡鸭胰腺和小肠食糜胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性及小肠形态结构的影响。结果表明:(1)复合酶制剂提高了21日龄和28日龄胰腺和小肠食糜胰蛋白酶活性。(2)复合酶制剂对21日龄和28日龄骡鸭胰腺淀粉酶活性无显著影响;但可提高21日龄和28日龄小肠食糜淀粉酶活性,达到甚至超过玉米—豆粕型日粮组。(3)复合酶制剂提高了21日龄胰腺、21日龄和28日龄小肠食糜脂肪酶活性,对28日龄胰腺脂肪酶活性影响不显著。(4)复合酶制剂不同程度地增加了21日龄和28日龄骡鸭十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,提高了其对营养物质的吸收能力。但回肠绒毛高度有下降趋势。(5)复合酶制剂降低了21日龄和28日龄骡鸭十二指肠、空肠和回肠的隐窝深度,改善了消化吸收功能。(6)复合酶制剂提高了21日龄和28日龄骡鸭十二指肠、空肠和回肠的VCR。
总上所述,饲喂高比例杂粕并添加复合酶制剂的日粮可获得与饲喂低杂粕而不添加复合酶制剂的日粮相同的生产性能,而且经济效益有所提高。杂粕在骡鸭日粮中的最佳配比为16%。复合酶制剂能够提高骡鸭对营养物质的消化吸收能力,加快骡鸭的生长。
All trials were conducted to investigate the effect of compound enzyme on production performance,nutrient digestibility in mule ducks,in order to select the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals.Otherwise,the compound enzyme was supplemented in the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals to investigate the effects of compound enzyme on enzyme activitives of digestive tract and structure of alimentary canal in mule ducks.
Exp.1 was conducted to investigate the effect of compound enzyme on production performance,nutrient digestibility in mule ducks fed on miscellaneous meals.All of 320 mule ducks at 3 weeks were randomly allocated to 4 groups with each group including 4 replicates and 20 birds(10 males and 10 females)per replicate.The control group was fed 8% miscellaneous meals(rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal);Three trial groups(groupⅠ, groupⅡand groupⅢ)were fed 14%,16%and 18%miscellaneous meals with 0.18 g·kg~(-1) compound enzyme,respectively.Under the same conditions,the experiment was conducted to study the effect of compound enzyme on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and economy benefit of mule ducks from 3 to 8 weeks to select the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals.The results showed that,the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and economy benefit of three trial groups were no significant difference than control group(P＞0.05).But the gain costs of three trials were reduced by 0,0.09 and 0.01 yuan,respectively.Analysing from body gain,feed/gain,nutrient digestibility and economy benefit,the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals is 16%.
Exp.2 was conducted to investigate the effect of compound enzyme on enzyme activitives of digestive tract and structure of alimentary canal in mule ducks fed on miscellaneous meals.All of 60 mule ducks at 15 days were randomly allocated to 3 groups with each group including 20 birds(10 males and 10 females)per groups.GroupⅠwas fed corn-soybean meal diet.GroupⅡwas fed 16%miscellaneous meals(confirmed from Exp.1), and groupⅢwas fed 16%miscellaneous meals with 0.18 g·kg~(-1)compound enzyme.The experiment was designed to observe the effect of compound enzyme on trypsin activities, amylase activities,lipase activities of pancreas and small intestine chime and structure of alimentary canal in 21 days old and 28 days old mule ducks.The results showed that, (1)Compound enzyme enhances the trypsin activities of pancrease and small intestine chyme in 21 days old and 28 days old mule ducks.(2)There are no significant difference in the anmylase activities of pancrease and enhances the anmylase activities of small intestine chime in mule ducks at 21 days old and 28 days old.(3)Compound enzyme enhances the lipase activities of pancrease at 21days and small intestine chime at 21 days and 28 days. There is no significant difference in the lipase activities of pancrease at 28 days.(4) Compound enzyme increases the villus height of duodenum and jejunum at 21days old and 28 days old,and improves the absorbency of nutrients.But the villus height of ileum was reduced.(5)Compound enzyme reduces the crypt depth of duodenum,ileum and jejunum at 21 days old and 28 days old,and the absorbency of nutrients were improved.(6)Compound enzyme improves VCR of duodenum,ileum and jejunum in mule ducks at 21days old and 28 days old.
In conclusion,the ducks which were fed high level of miscellaneous meals with compound enzyme can gain similar production performance and better economy benefit to that fed low level of miscellaneous meals without compound enzyme.Following the results, the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals was 16%.The experiment also indicated that,compound enzyme can improve the absorbency of nutrients and promote the growth of mule ducks.
试验一研究了杂粕型日粮添加复合酶制剂对骡鸭生产性能和养分利用率的影响。将3周龄骡鸭(320只)随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每重复20只(公母各半),试验期为3～8周。对照组饲喂含8%杂粕(菜籽粕+棉籽粕)的日粮;试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别饲喂含14%、16%和18%杂粕(菜籽粕+棉籽粕)的日粮,添加0.18 g·kg~(-1)复合酶制剂。在相同的饲养管理条件下,观测复合酶制剂对各组骡鸭生产性能、养分利用率及饲养效益的影响,以此筛选杂粕的最佳配比。结果表明,各试验组与对照组骡鸭的成活率、增重、料重比、养分利用率及饲养效益均无显著差异(P＞0.05);但试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组每千克增重分别比对照组节约饲料成本0、0.09和0.01元。从增重、料重比、养分利用率和饲养效益方面综合分析,杂粕在骡鸭日粮中的最佳配比为16%。
试验二研究了杂粕型日粮添加复合酶制剂对骡鸭消化道酶活性及肠道形态结构的影响。将60只15日龄骡鸭随机分为3组,每组20只(公母各半)。Ⅰ组饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂含16%(由试验一确定)杂粕(菜籽粕+棉籽粕)的日粮,不添加复合酶制剂,Ⅲ组饲喂含16%(由试验一确定)杂粕(菜籽粕+棉籽粕)的日粮,添加0.18 g·kg~(-1)复合酶制剂。观测复合酶制剂对21日龄和28日龄骡鸭胰腺和小肠食糜胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性及小肠形态结构的影响。结果表明:(1)复合酶制剂提高了21日龄和28日龄胰腺和小肠食糜胰蛋白酶活性。(2)复合酶制剂对21日龄和28日龄骡鸭胰腺淀粉酶活性无显著影响;但可提高21日龄和28日龄小肠食糜淀粉酶活性,达到甚至超过玉米—豆粕型日粮组。(3)复合酶制剂提高了21日龄胰腺、21日龄和28日龄小肠食糜脂肪酶活性,对28日龄胰腺脂肪酶活性影响不显著。(4)复合酶制剂不同程度地增加了21日龄和28日龄骡鸭十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,提高了其对营养物质的吸收能力。但回肠绒毛高度有下降趋势。(5)复合酶制剂降低了21日龄和28日龄骡鸭十二指肠、空肠和回肠的隐窝深度,改善了消化吸收功能。(6)复合酶制剂提高了21日龄和28日龄骡鸭十二指肠、空肠和回肠的VCR。
总上所述,饲喂高比例杂粕并添加复合酶制剂的日粮可获得与饲喂低杂粕而不添加复合酶制剂的日粮相同的生产性能,而且经济效益有所提高。杂粕在骡鸭日粮中的最佳配比为16%。复合酶制剂能够提高骡鸭对营养物质的消化吸收能力,加快骡鸭的生长。
All trials were conducted to investigate the effect of compound enzyme on production performance,nutrient digestibility in mule ducks,in order to select the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals.Otherwise,the compound enzyme was supplemented in the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals to investigate the effects of compound enzyme on enzyme activitives of digestive tract and structure of alimentary canal in mule ducks.
Exp.1 was conducted to investigate the effect of compound enzyme on production performance,nutrient digestibility in mule ducks fed on miscellaneous meals.All of 320 mule ducks at 3 weeks were randomly allocated to 4 groups with each group including 4 replicates and 20 birds(10 males and 10 females)per replicate.The control group was fed 8% miscellaneous meals(rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal);Three trial groups(groupⅠ, groupⅡand groupⅢ)were fed 14%,16%and 18%miscellaneous meals with 0.18 g·kg~(-1) compound enzyme,respectively.Under the same conditions,the experiment was conducted to study the effect of compound enzyme on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and economy benefit of mule ducks from 3 to 8 weeks to select the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals.The results showed that,the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and economy benefit of three trial groups were no significant difference than control group(P＞0.05).But the gain costs of three trials were reduced by 0,0.09 and 0.01 yuan,respectively.Analysing from body gain,feed/gain,nutrient digestibility and economy benefit,the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals is 16%.
Exp.2 was conducted to investigate the effect of compound enzyme on enzyme activitives of digestive tract and structure of alimentary canal in mule ducks fed on miscellaneous meals.All of 60 mule ducks at 15 days were randomly allocated to 3 groups with each group including 20 birds(10 males and 10 females)per groups.GroupⅠwas fed corn-soybean meal diet.GroupⅡwas fed 16%miscellaneous meals(confirmed from Exp.1), and groupⅢwas fed 16%miscellaneous meals with 0.18 g·kg~(-1)compound enzyme.The experiment was designed to observe the effect of compound enzyme on trypsin activities, amylase activities,lipase activities of pancreas and small intestine chime and structure of alimentary canal in 21 days old and 28 days old mule ducks.The results showed that, (1)Compound enzyme enhances the trypsin activities of pancrease and small intestine chyme in 21 days old and 28 days old mule ducks.(2)There are no significant difference in the anmylase activities of pancrease and enhances the anmylase activities of small intestine chime in mule ducks at 21 days old and 28 days old.(3)Compound enzyme enhances the lipase activities of pancrease at 21days and small intestine chime at 21 days and 28 days. There is no significant difference in the lipase activities of pancrease at 28 days.(4) Compound enzyme increases the villus height of duodenum and jejunum at 21days old and 28 days old,and improves the absorbency of nutrients.But the villus height of ileum was reduced.(5)Compound enzyme reduces the crypt depth of duodenum,ileum and jejunum at 21 days old and 28 days old,and the absorbency of nutrients were improved.(6)Compound enzyme improves VCR of duodenum,ileum and jejunum in mule ducks at 21days old and 28 days old.
In conclusion,the ducks which were fed high level of miscellaneous meals with compound enzyme can gain similar production performance and better economy benefit to that fed low level of miscellaneous meals without compound enzyme.Following the results, the appropriate dietary supplements of miscellaneous meals was 16%.The experiment also indicated that,compound enzyme can improve the absorbency of nutrients and promote the growth of mule ducks.
引文
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