羌塘盆地晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期沉积盆地演化
|
摘要
晚古生代末期可可西里—金沙江洋与龙木错—双湖裂谷带的闭合,北羌塘盆地形成了以前三叠系为基底的残留内陆表海演化时期,直至晚三叠世早期——肖茶卡组沉积期末残留内陆表海消亡,晚三叠世中晚期至侏罗纪进入了裂陷盆地发展阶段。论文对晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期盆地的形成与演化开展了研究,包括关键地层界面特征分析、关键地层时代归属分析、区域岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层的综合对比分析、区域沉积体系与沉积相分析、岩相古地理分析,最终建立晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆沉积—构造动力演化模式。
1、系统的对各地层单元的界面分析发现:(1)肖茶卡组底界在盆地内部与中三叠统整合关系,在盆地北缘为沉积超覆于不同时代的前三叠系之上:(2)肖茶卡组顶界面发育古岩溶角砾岩,与上覆那底岗日组为岩溶不整合接触,说明肖茶卡组沉积时期的羌塘盆地是在早中三叠世的盆地基础发展起来的,后期出现了广泛的海退事件,使盆地结束沉积并遭受风化剥蚀作用;(3)中侏罗统雀莫错组的岩性组合特征、岩石化学特征、古生物化石混积和地层的沉积超覆现象均表现出裂陷环境下形成的伸展不整合面的特征。
2、综合地层划分与对比分析认为:(1)肖茶卡组古生物化石组合反映其时代为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利期,根据其上被上三叠统那底岗日组不整合覆盖,将其时代厘定为卡尼期—若利期早期;(2)那底岗日组火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄在216～205 Ma之间,其时代主要为若利期,可能包含有瑞替期:(3)日干配错组底部火山岩的年龄、中上部化石组合及其被下侏罗统整合覆盖,综合反映的时代为晚三叠世若利期—瑞替期,而且那底岗日组火山岩和日干配错组火山岩的地球化学成分分析反映两者均为引张构造背景下的产物;土门地区的土门各拉组的下部岩性及界面特征、化石组合和上部可能被下侏罗统整合覆盖,综合反映其时代为若利期—若利期。因此,北羌塘的那底岗日组与南羌塘的日干配错组和土门各拉组可以对比,是“同期异相”关系。
3、羌塘盆地晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期地层共计可划分出6个沉积体系14个沉积相和多个亚相。肖茶卡组主要发育扇三角洲相、三角洲相和碳酸盐岩台地相,基本继承早中三叠世古地理面貌,但早期出现广泛海侵和后期海水退出,形成早期的沉积超覆与后期遭受风化剥蚀。那底岗日组主要为火山—沉积,分为陆上喷溢、水下喷溢和火山碎屑沉积,反映裂陷盆地早期的古地理面貌。日干配错组发育有水下火山喷溢相、三角洲相、碳酸盐岩台地和陆棚相,反映盆地由早期的裂陷火山喷发—盆地基底沉降,海平面不断上升形成台地相至陆棚相的古地理面貌。下侏罗统在羌北盆地可能为近海湖泊沉积,羌南盆地为浅海陆棚沉积,主要继承早期古地理面貌。雀莫错组在羌北盆地为近海湖泊沉积,更具海相色彩:南羌塘主要为外陆棚沉积,反映羌塘盆地再次发生较强烈的裂陷作用和较大幅度的海平面上升,形成陆源剥蚀区缩小,沉积覆盖面增大的古地理面貌。
4、根据地层界面特征、地层划分与对比结果和岩相古地理演化特征可将晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆地划分为两个不同构造性质的盆地发展时期,分别为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利早期(肖茶卡组沉积期)的残留内陆表海沉积盆地发展与消亡时期和晚三叠世若利期中晚期—中侏罗世早期的裂陷盆地的形成与发展时期。后者可进一步分为三个构造演化阶段,第一个阶段为若利期中晚期—瑞替期的强烈裂陷时期,该时期羌塘盆地形成了真正意义上的“两凹夹一隆”的构造古地理格局;第二个阶段为续第一阶段之后的早侏罗世构造相对稳定的凹陷时期;第三个阶段为中侏罗世早期续构造相对稳定的凹陷作用之后的再次较强烈的裂陷作用阶段。
With the closure of KoKo Xili -Jinshajiang Ocean and Longmucuo -Shuanghu rift belt during the ending of Late Paleozoic, North Qiangtang Basin (NQB) come into the evolution phase of remnant epicontinental sea (RES), till the early stage of Late Triassic - the ending of Xiaochaka depositional stage, the RES was over. NQB was in the developing phase of rift basin from the middle stage of Late Triassic to Jurassic Period.
This dissertation was focused on the research about the formation and evolution of NQB from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period, including integrated analyzing the characteristic of the key stratigraphic surfaces, the time of the key stratigraphy, regional rock straigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, sedimentary system and depositional facies. On basis of these analysis, a tectonic evolution model have been established for NQB during from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period.
1. After the systematic surface analysis about main stratigraphy units, we found that: (1) the bottom of Xiaochaka formation was comformity with the middle Triassic in the basin, and in the north margin it was deposited and overlapped on the different period stratigraphy before Triassic. (2) The top surface of Xiaochaka formation developed regionally karst and paleo-karst breccia, and was uncomformity with Nadigangri Formation, these things suggest that NQB in Xiaochaka depositing stage was developed from middle Triassic basin, and then an extensive regression occurred, the deposition was over and erosion come into being. (3) The lithologic assemblage, geochemistry, mixed fossils, and stratigraphy overlapping characteristic of Quemocuo Formation in early middle Jurassic indicted that the uncomformity surface was an extension-unconformity.
2. Integrated analysis about stratigraphy division and correlation indicted that: (1) the paleontologic assemblage of Xiaochaka formation show its time was Carian -Norian stage of late Triassic. According to it was overlapped by late Triassic Nadigangri Formation, so Xiaochaka formation should be Carian - early Norian stage. (2) the SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb age of Nadigangri formation volcanic rocks wear vary form 216 to 205 Ma, so its time should be Norian, but maybe extended into Rhaetian Stage. (3) The age of its bottom volcanic rocks, the fossil assemblages of its middle and upper members and overlapped by lower Jurassic, indicted the age of Riganpeicuo Formation was Norian - Rhaetian stage. And the same time, the volcanic rocks geochemistry of Nadigangri and Riganpeicuo formation both reflected that they wear formed in rift tectonic settings. The lower lithologic and surface characteristic, fossil assemblages and its upper maybe was conformity with lower Jurassic, all reflected that the age of Tumengela Formation in Tumen area should be Norian - Rhaetian stage. Therefore, Nadigangri formation in NQB and Riganpeicuo formation in South Qiangtang Basin should be the relationship of "same stage and difficult facies".
3. The stratigraphy of late Triassic -early middle Jurassic Peroid in Qiangtang basin could be divided 6 sedimentary systems and 14 depositional facies. Xiaochaka formation developed Fan delta facies, delta facies, and carbonate platform facies, which basically continued the paleography of early and middle Triassic, but with intensive progress in early stage and quickly regress in late stage, companied by depositional overlapping in early stage and weathering erosion in late stage respectively.
Nadigangri formation mainly consisted of volcanic deposition, including continental effusive rocks, marine effusive rocks, and volcanc clastic deposition, which reflected the early paleography of rift basin. Riganpeicuo formation developed marine effusive facies, delta facies, carbonate platform facies and shelf facies, which suggest the paleography of South Qiangtang Basin (SQB) in late Triassic experienced the process of rifting, sea level rising continuously, and then developing carbonate platform and shelf facies.
Lower Jurassic in NQB could be near-shore lake deposition, in SQB was shallow shelf deposition, which followed the paleography of late Triassic. During early middle Jurassic period, Quemocuo formation in NQB was offshore lake deposition with marine feature, in SQB was shelf deposition, which indicted that an intense rifting and sea level rising with more large range, and consequently, eroding area was shrunk and deposition area was expanded.
4. According to the result of stratigraphic surface features, division and correlation, and the paleographic characteristic, Qiangtang Basin during late Triassic -early middle Jurassic period could be divided into two basin developing stages with difficult tectonic nature, remnent epicontinental basin stage in Carian -early Norian of late Triassic and rifting basin stage in middle Norian of late Triassic - early middle Jurassic period respectively. The latter can be divided into three tectonic evolution phases. The first is intensively extending between middle Norian to Rhaetion, and in this period the Qiangtang basin has been a tectonic paleogeography of "two depressed holder one blowups". The second that the tectonic move is gentleness and the basin floor is been depressing in the early Jurassic period. The third that the tectonic might another time become intensively extending.
1、系统的对各地层单元的界面分析发现:(1)肖茶卡组底界在盆地内部与中三叠统整合关系,在盆地北缘为沉积超覆于不同时代的前三叠系之上:(2)肖茶卡组顶界面发育古岩溶角砾岩,与上覆那底岗日组为岩溶不整合接触,说明肖茶卡组沉积时期的羌塘盆地是在早中三叠世的盆地基础发展起来的,后期出现了广泛的海退事件,使盆地结束沉积并遭受风化剥蚀作用;(3)中侏罗统雀莫错组的岩性组合特征、岩石化学特征、古生物化石混积和地层的沉积超覆现象均表现出裂陷环境下形成的伸展不整合面的特征。
2、综合地层划分与对比分析认为:(1)肖茶卡组古生物化石组合反映其时代为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利期,根据其上被上三叠统那底岗日组不整合覆盖,将其时代厘定为卡尼期—若利期早期;(2)那底岗日组火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄在216～205 Ma之间,其时代主要为若利期,可能包含有瑞替期:(3)日干配错组底部火山岩的年龄、中上部化石组合及其被下侏罗统整合覆盖,综合反映的时代为晚三叠世若利期—瑞替期,而且那底岗日组火山岩和日干配错组火山岩的地球化学成分分析反映两者均为引张构造背景下的产物;土门地区的土门各拉组的下部岩性及界面特征、化石组合和上部可能被下侏罗统整合覆盖,综合反映其时代为若利期—若利期。因此,北羌塘的那底岗日组与南羌塘的日干配错组和土门各拉组可以对比,是“同期异相”关系。
3、羌塘盆地晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期地层共计可划分出6个沉积体系14个沉积相和多个亚相。肖茶卡组主要发育扇三角洲相、三角洲相和碳酸盐岩台地相,基本继承早中三叠世古地理面貌,但早期出现广泛海侵和后期海水退出,形成早期的沉积超覆与后期遭受风化剥蚀。那底岗日组主要为火山—沉积,分为陆上喷溢、水下喷溢和火山碎屑沉积,反映裂陷盆地早期的古地理面貌。日干配错组发育有水下火山喷溢相、三角洲相、碳酸盐岩台地和陆棚相,反映盆地由早期的裂陷火山喷发—盆地基底沉降,海平面不断上升形成台地相至陆棚相的古地理面貌。下侏罗统在羌北盆地可能为近海湖泊沉积,羌南盆地为浅海陆棚沉积,主要继承早期古地理面貌。雀莫错组在羌北盆地为近海湖泊沉积,更具海相色彩:南羌塘主要为外陆棚沉积,反映羌塘盆地再次发生较强烈的裂陷作用和较大幅度的海平面上升,形成陆源剥蚀区缩小,沉积覆盖面增大的古地理面貌。
4、根据地层界面特征、地层划分与对比结果和岩相古地理演化特征可将晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆地划分为两个不同构造性质的盆地发展时期,分别为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利早期(肖茶卡组沉积期)的残留内陆表海沉积盆地发展与消亡时期和晚三叠世若利期中晚期—中侏罗世早期的裂陷盆地的形成与发展时期。后者可进一步分为三个构造演化阶段,第一个阶段为若利期中晚期—瑞替期的强烈裂陷时期,该时期羌塘盆地形成了真正意义上的“两凹夹一隆”的构造古地理格局;第二个阶段为续第一阶段之后的早侏罗世构造相对稳定的凹陷时期;第三个阶段为中侏罗世早期续构造相对稳定的凹陷作用之后的再次较强烈的裂陷作用阶段。
With the closure of KoKo Xili -Jinshajiang Ocean and Longmucuo -Shuanghu rift belt during the ending of Late Paleozoic, North Qiangtang Basin (NQB) come into the evolution phase of remnant epicontinental sea (RES), till the early stage of Late Triassic - the ending of Xiaochaka depositional stage, the RES was over. NQB was in the developing phase of rift basin from the middle stage of Late Triassic to Jurassic Period.
This dissertation was focused on the research about the formation and evolution of NQB from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period, including integrated analyzing the characteristic of the key stratigraphic surfaces, the time of the key stratigraphy, regional rock straigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, sedimentary system and depositional facies. On basis of these analysis, a tectonic evolution model have been established for NQB during from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period.
1. After the systematic surface analysis about main stratigraphy units, we found that: (1) the bottom of Xiaochaka formation was comformity with the middle Triassic in the basin, and in the north margin it was deposited and overlapped on the different period stratigraphy before Triassic. (2) The top surface of Xiaochaka formation developed regionally karst and paleo-karst breccia, and was uncomformity with Nadigangri Formation, these things suggest that NQB in Xiaochaka depositing stage was developed from middle Triassic basin, and then an extensive regression occurred, the deposition was over and erosion come into being. (3) The lithologic assemblage, geochemistry, mixed fossils, and stratigraphy overlapping characteristic of Quemocuo Formation in early middle Jurassic indicted that the uncomformity surface was an extension-unconformity.
2. Integrated analysis about stratigraphy division and correlation indicted that: (1) the paleontologic assemblage of Xiaochaka formation show its time was Carian -Norian stage of late Triassic. According to it was overlapped by late Triassic Nadigangri Formation, so Xiaochaka formation should be Carian - early Norian stage. (2) the SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb age of Nadigangri formation volcanic rocks wear vary form 216 to 205 Ma, so its time should be Norian, but maybe extended into Rhaetian Stage. (3) The age of its bottom volcanic rocks, the fossil assemblages of its middle and upper members and overlapped by lower Jurassic, indicted the age of Riganpeicuo Formation was Norian - Rhaetian stage. And the same time, the volcanic rocks geochemistry of Nadigangri and Riganpeicuo formation both reflected that they wear formed in rift tectonic settings. The lower lithologic and surface characteristic, fossil assemblages and its upper maybe was conformity with lower Jurassic, all reflected that the age of Tumengela Formation in Tumen area should be Norian - Rhaetian stage. Therefore, Nadigangri formation in NQB and Riganpeicuo formation in South Qiangtang Basin should be the relationship of "same stage and difficult facies".
3. The stratigraphy of late Triassic -early middle Jurassic Peroid in Qiangtang basin could be divided 6 sedimentary systems and 14 depositional facies. Xiaochaka formation developed Fan delta facies, delta facies, and carbonate platform facies, which basically continued the paleography of early and middle Triassic, but with intensive progress in early stage and quickly regress in late stage, companied by depositional overlapping in early stage and weathering erosion in late stage respectively.
Nadigangri formation mainly consisted of volcanic deposition, including continental effusive rocks, marine effusive rocks, and volcanc clastic deposition, which reflected the early paleography of rift basin. Riganpeicuo formation developed marine effusive facies, delta facies, carbonate platform facies and shelf facies, which suggest the paleography of South Qiangtang Basin (SQB) in late Triassic experienced the process of rifting, sea level rising continuously, and then developing carbonate platform and shelf facies.
Lower Jurassic in NQB could be near-shore lake deposition, in SQB was shallow shelf deposition, which followed the paleography of late Triassic. During early middle Jurassic period, Quemocuo formation in NQB was offshore lake deposition with marine feature, in SQB was shelf deposition, which indicted that an intense rifting and sea level rising with more large range, and consequently, eroding area was shrunk and deposition area was expanded.
4. According to the result of stratigraphic surface features, division and correlation, and the paleographic characteristic, Qiangtang Basin during late Triassic -early middle Jurassic period could be divided into two basin developing stages with difficult tectonic nature, remnent epicontinental basin stage in Carian -early Norian of late Triassic and rifting basin stage in middle Norian of late Triassic - early middle Jurassic period respectively. The latter can be divided into three tectonic evolution phases. The first is intensively extending between middle Norian to Rhaetion, and in this period the Qiangtang basin has been a tectonic paleogeography of "two depressed holder one blowups". The second that the tectonic move is gentleness and the basin floor is been depressing in the early Jurassic period. The third that the tectonic might another time become intensively extending.
引文
(1)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．青藏高原区域地层划分与对比．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1998
(2)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．青藏高原地层特征．中国石油天然气总公司青藏“九五”科技工程项目组内部资料，1999
(3)南京大学地球科学系．羌塘盆地形成条件及构造演化特征(QZ-97-204105)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1997
(4)青海省地质调查院．1∶25万可可西里湖幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2003
(5)新疆区域地质调查院．1∶25万扎岗日幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(6)西藏地质矿产局．1∶100万改则幅区域地质调查报告，1986
(7)大庆石油学院．西藏地区羌塘盆地“若拉错－令戈错－希杂日－纳江错石油天然气地质调查综合研究报告(QT95Y-Z2-04)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1995
(8)西藏地质调查院一分院．1∶25万班戈幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2002
(9)四川省地质调查院．1∶25万物玛幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(10)吉林省地质调查院．1∶25万帕度错幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(11)吉林省地质调查院．1∶25万昂达尔错幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(12)吉林大学地质调查院．1∶25万玛依岗日幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(13)成都地质矿产研究所．1∶25万江爱达日那幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(14)成都地质矿产研究所．羌塘盆地石油地质条件综合研究报告．中国地质调查局青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查与评价项目内部资料，2007
(15)贵州区域地质调查院．1∶25万丁固幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(16)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．西藏地区羌塘盆地“玛尔盖茶卡－角木日－朗木登”工程石油天然气路线地质调查(QT95YZ1-01)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1995
(17)宜昌地质矿产研究所．1∶25万赤布张错幅区域地质调查报告。中国地质调查局内部资料，2003
(18)大庆石油学院．青藏羌塘盆地“沙窝滩幅、白滩湖幅、强仁温杂日幅区域石油地质调查报告(QT96YD－03)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1996
(19)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．羌塘盆地西区综合地质工程综合研究报告(QT96YZ-01)．中石油青藏石油勘探项目经理部内部资料，1996
(20)广西壮族自治区地质调查研究院．1∶25万布若错幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(21)成都地质矿产研究所．1∶25万黑虎岭幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(22)成都地质矿产研究所．1∶25万土错幅区域地质调查报告。中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(23)广西壮族自治区地质调查研究院．1：25万查多岗日幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(23)大庆石油学院．西藏地区羌塘盆地“若拉错-令戈错-希杂日-纳江错”工程石油天然气路线地质调查(QT95Y-Z2-04)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1995
(24)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．青藏地区羌塘盆地区域石油地质调查报告(QZ-97-102101)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1997
(25)西藏自治区地质调查院．1∶25万兹各塘错幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2003
(26)四川碳酸盐岩油气田开发研究中心.羌塘盆地石油天然气路线地质调查“玛那莱钦-水晶矿-古金乌兰湖东”工程.中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料,1995
[1]余光明,王成善.西藏特提斯沉积地质.北京:地质出版社,1990:94-104
[2]王岫岩.西藏特提斯构造域及其找油前景.石油学报,1998,19(2):44-48
[3]谭富文,王剑,王小龙,杜佰伟.西藏羌塘盆地--中国油气资源战略选区的首选目标.沉积与特提斯地质,2002,22(1):16-21
[4]王岫岩,云金表,罗笃清,滕玉洪,林铁锋.西藏羌塘盆地动力学演化与油气前景探讨.石油学报,1999,20(3):28-32
[5]西藏地质矿产局.西藏自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1993,178-194
[6]李日俊,吴浩若,李红生,孙东立.藏北阿木岗群、查桑群和鲁谷组硅质放射虫的发现及有关问题讨论.地质论评,1997,43(3):250-256
[7]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原地层.北京:科学出版社,2001b,125-139;439
[8]李才,王天武,杨德明,杨日红.西藏羌塘中央隆起区物质组成与构造演化.长春科技大学学报,2001,31(1):25-31
[9]白云山,李莉,牛志军,魏君奇,卜建军.长江源各拉丹冬晚三叠世火山岩特征与成岩构造环境.华南地质与矿产,2001,3:9-13
[10]姚华舟,白云山,曾波夫,段其发,牛志军,魏君奇,甘金木,卜建军,朱应华.长江源区发现晚三叠世火山弧.地学前缘(中国地质大学,北京),2004,11(2)
[11]王剑,谭富文,李亚林,等.青藏高原重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析.北京:地质出版社,2004,32-89
[12]王剑,谭富文,王小龙,杜佰伟,陈明.藏北羌塘盆地早侏罗世-中侏罗世早期沉积构造特征.沉积学报,2004,22(2):198-205
[13]刘勇,曹春潮,吕金海.藏北羌塘盆地演化初探.断块油气田,1998,5(5):6-12
[14]黄继钧.羌塘盆地性质及构造演化.地质力学学报,2000,6(4):58-66
[15]黄继钧.藏北羌塘盆地构造特征及演化.中国区域地质,2001,20(2):178-186
[16]朱同兴.从弧后盆地到前陆盆地的沉积演化--以西藏北部羌塘中生代盆地分析为例.特提斯地质,1999,23:1-15
[17]王成善,伊海生,李勇,等.西藏羌塘盆地地质演化与油气远景评价.北京:地质出版社,2001
[18]李勇,王成善,伊海生.中生代羌塘前陆盆地充填序列及演化过程.地层学杂志,2002,26(1):62-67
[19]李勇,王成善,伊海生.西藏金沙江缝合带西段晚三叠世碰撞作用与沉积响应,沉积学报,2003,21(2):191-197
[20]文世宣.西藏北部地层新资料.地层学杂志,1979,3(2):150-156
[21]孙东立,章炳高.喀喇昆仑-唐古拉区海相侏罗系的几个问题.地层学杂志,1979,3(4):317-321
[22]邓万明,刘关键,文世宣,蒋忠惕,张知非.藏北地质路线.地质科学,1980,2:142-156
[23]李光岑,劳雄.唐古拉山温泉地区地质特征.见:青藏高原地质文集(1).北京:地质出版社,1982、80-95
[24]王乃文.中国侏罗纪特提斯地层学问题.见:青藏高原地质文集(3).北京:地质出版社,1983,62-86
[25]蒋忠惕.羌塘地区侏罗纪地层的若干问题.见:青藏高原地质文集(3).北京:地质出版社,1983,87-112
[26]马孝达.青南藏北海相侏罗系划分的讨论.见:青藏高原地质文集(3).北京:地质出版社,1983,113-118
[27]吴瑞忠.胡承祖,王成善,张懋功,高德荣,兰伯龙,张育楠,陈德全,王全海.藏北羌塘地区地层系统.见:青藏高原地质文集(9).北京:地质出版社,1985,1-32.
[28]饶荣标,徐济凡,陈永明,邹定帮.青藏高原的三叠系.北京:地质出版社,1987,1-196
[29]杨遵义,阴家润.青海省南部侏罗纪地层问题讨论.现代地质,1988,2(3):278-292
[30]刘世坤,吕荣敬.羌塘地区海相下侏罗统新知.地层学杂志,1988,12(2):133-135
[31]阴家润.唐古拉山北坡雁石坪群巴柔期双壳类动物群.地质论评,1988,39(5),440-?
[32]白生海.青海西南部海相侏罗纪地层新认识.地质论评,1989,35(6),529-536
[33]和钟铧,李才,杨德明,陈光权.西藏羌塘盆地的构造沉积特征及演化.长春科技大学学报,2000,30(4):347-352
[34]王冠民,钟建华.班公湖-怒江构造带西段三叠纪-侏罗纪构造-沉积演化.地质论评,2002,48(3):297-303
[35]郑孟林,刘池阳,王定一.青藏羌塘三叠纪盆地的形成与演化.新疆石油地质,2004,25(1):13-16
[36]高春文,贾庆军,魏春光.羌塘盆地晚三叠世原型盆地性质探讨.地质论评,2006,52(2):198-206
[37]吴功建,肖序常,李廷栋.青藏高原亚东-格尔木地学断面.地质学报,1988,63(4):285-294
[38]常承法.青藏高原地质构造演化.中国青藏高原研究会第一届学术讨论会论文选.北京:科学出版社,1992,215-223
[39]潘裕生.1994,青藏高原第五缝合带的发现与论证.地球物理学报,1994,37(2):184-192
[40]任纪舜,王作勋,陈炳蔚等.1999.中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明:从全球看中国大地构造.北京:地质出版社,1999.50
[41]任纪舜,肖黎薇.1:25万地质填图进一步揭开了青藏高原大地构造的神秘面纱.地质通报,2004,23(1):
[42]中英联合考察队.青藏高原地质演化.北京:科学出版社.1998,50-72
[43]张以弗,郑健康.青海可可西里及邻区地质概论.北京:地震出版社,1994
[44]边千韬,郑祥身.西金乌兰和冈齐曲蛇绿岩的发现.地质科学,1991,3
[45]边千韬,郑样身,李红生,沙金庚.青海可可西里地区蛇绿岩的时代及形成环境.地质论评,1997,43(4):347-355
[46]郑样身,边千韬,郑健康.青海可可西里地区侵入岩的岩石化学特征及其成因意义研究.岩石学报,1997.13(1):44 58
[47]张以佛.从构造旋回探讨青海及邻区大地构造.见:青藏高原地质文集(14).北京:地质出版社,1984,1-12
[48]刘训.青藏高原不同地体的地层、生物区系及沉积构造演化史.北京地质出版社,1992,1-145
[49]刘增乾,徐宪,潘桂棠.青藏高原大地构造与形成演化.北京:地质出版社.1993,1-174
[50]尹集祥.青藏高原南特提斯区地层地质演化轮廓.中国科学院地质研究所所集.1988,(3):1-25
[51]李红生,边千韬.可可西里西金乌兰岗齐曲蛇绿混杂岩中晚古生代放射虫.现代地质,1993,(4):410-420.
[52]边千韬,沙金庚,郑样身.西金乌兰晚二叠一早二叠世石英砂岩及其大地构造意义.地质科学,1993,(4):327-335.
[53]朱迎堂,伊海生,杨延兴,郭通珍,彭伟,陈海清.青海西金乌兰湖地区移山湖晚泥盆世辉绿岩墙群--西金乌兰洋初始裂解的重要证据.沉积与特提斯地质,2004,24(3):38-42
[54]穆利修,王宏运,罗宏伟.藏北若拉岗日C-P1裂谷带的发现及构造意义.新疆地质,2006,24(1):16-23.
[55]王璞珺,Frank Mattern,Werner Schneider,刘万洙.田纹全,李才.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带 白垩系沉积特征及其构造意义.世界地质,2003,22(2):105-110
[56]王希斌,鲍佩声,邓万明等.西藏蛇绿岩.北京:地质出版社,1987
[57]汤耀庆,王方国.西藏北部湖区蛇绿岩的地球化学特征.成都地质学院学报.1983,(3):29-42
[58]廖国兴.西藏班公湖-怒江板块结合带东段地质特征.见:青藏高原地质文集(12),1983:75-86
[59]罗建宁.论东特提斯形成与演化的基本特征.特提斯地质.1995,19:1-8
[60]王玉净,王建平,刘彦明,李秋生,裴放.西藏丁青蛇绿岩特征、时代及其地质意义.微体古生物学报 2002,19(4):417-420
[61]邱瑞照,周,肃,邓晋福,李金发,肖庆辉,蔡志勇.西藏班公湖-怒江西段舍马拉沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩年龄测定--兼论班公湖-怒江蛇绿岩带形成时代.中国地质,2004,31(3):262-268
[62]夏代祥.班公湖-怒江、雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段演化历程的剖析.见:青藏高原论文集(9),北京:地质出版社,1985,123-138
[63]陈国荣,刘鸿飞,蒋光武,曾庆高,赵守仁,张相国.西藏班公湖!怒江结合带中段沙木罗组的发现.地质通报,2004,23(2):193-194
[64]王成善,胡承祖,吴瑞忠,张懋功.西藏北部查桑-茶布裂谷的发现及其地质意义.成都地质学院学报,1987,14(2):33-46
[65]李才.龙木错-双湖-澜沧江板块缝合带与石炭-二叠纪冈瓦纳北界.长春地质学院学报,1987,17(2):155-166
[66]李才.西藏羌塘中部蓝片岩青铝闪石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年及其地质意义科学通报,1997,42(4):488
[67]西藏地质矿产局.西藏自治区岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997
[68]李才.羌塘基底质疑.地质论评,2003,,49(1):4-9
[69]梁定益,聂泽同,郭铁鹰,张宜智,王为平.西藏阿里北部二叠、三叠纪地层及古生物研究的新进展.地质论评,1982,28(3):245-246
[70]方德庆,李椿.青藏高原羌塘盆地三叠系对比.大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(1):1-4
[71]张树岐,蒋丽杰,冯德臣,李庆武,李学彬,孙中纲.藏北南羌塘孜狮桑地区早三叠世牙形刺化石新资料.地质通报,2005,24(12):1173-1174
[72]朱勋,易成兴,陈仁.青藏羌塘地块他利克甘利山早三叠纪牙形刺的发现及地质意义.贵州地质,2006,(1):25-28
[73]王权,董挨管,杨五宝,段春森,魏荣珠,吴仲华,武俊高,张永新.藏西北日土县拉竹龙地区海相三叠系的发现和万泉河群的建立.地质通报,2005,24(3):246-251
[74]杨德明,李才,郑常青.西藏羌塘地区印支期火山岩构造地球化学特征.长春科技大学学报,2001,31(4):333-337
[75]李才,程立人,胡克,等.西藏龙木错-双湖古特提斯缝合带研究.北京:地质出版社,1995,90-91
[76]李元林.1995.大溪砾岩及其时代归属.成都理工学院学报,1995,22(2):11-14
[77]邱隆伟,杜蕊,梁宏斌,马郡.束鹿凹陷碳酸盐角砾岩的成因研究.沉积学报,2006,24(2):202-209
[78]Flugel E.Micro-facies Analysis of Limestones.Berlin:Spring-Verlay,1982
[79]刘宝珺.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1980.27-98
[80]马丽艳,白云山,牛志军,姚华舟,段其发.长江源各拉丹冬地区晚三叠世火山岩锶、铷同位素地球化学特征及其意义.中国地质,2004,31(2):174-178
[81]贾建胜.羌塘盆地东部中新生代沉积特征与动力学演化.中国地质大学(北京)博士论文,2006
[82]时志强.羌塘盆地侏罗系高分辨率层序地层学及含油气远景.成都理工大学博士论文,2004
[83]段其发,王健雄,姚华舟,张仁杰.青海雀莫错地区侏罗系双壳类及沉积环境.科学技术与工程,2004,4(7):546-550
[84]段其发,王健雄,姚华舟,牛志军,张仁杰.青海南部赤布张错地区中侏罗世沉积环境及双壳类 化石.沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(3):16-21
[85]阴家润,史晓颖,周志广,李端.青海唐古拉地区侏罗纪非海相双壳动物群及其古环境分析.地区科学--中国地质大学学报,1993,18(4):369-380
[86]饶荣标,徐济凡,陈永明,邹定帮.青藏高原的三叠系.北京:地质出版社,1987
[87]吴一民.西藏晚三叠世煤系地层的划分与对比.煤田地质与勘探,1980,(6):23-29
[88]李乾,陆刚,张能,莫丽群,许华,唐朝霞,卫小彦.羌北双壳类祁阳蚌组合的发现及其地层学意义.地质学报,2006,80(6):781-784
[89]梁定益,聂泽同,董文彤,王世洪.藏南聂拉木地区上三叠统与侏罗系中伸展不整合以及各组地层的厘定.现代地质,2000,14(3):333-341
[90]王根厚,梁定益,刘文灿,董文彤,王世洪.藏南海西期以来伸展运动及伸展作用.现代地质,2000,14(2):133-139
[91]Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Smith A G,et al.A new Geological Time Scale,with special reference to precambrian and Neogene.Episodes,2004,27(2):83-100
[92]Heaman L and Parrish R.U-Pb geochronology of accessory minerals.In:Heaman L and Ludden J N (eds.),Short Course Hand-book on Applications of Radiogenic Isotope Systems to Problems in geology.Mineralogical Association of Canada,Torondo,1991
[93]陈道公,李彬贤,夏群科,等.变质岩中锆石U-Pb计时问题评述--兼论大别造山带锆石定年.岩石学报,2001,17(1):129-138
[94]Claoue-Long J C,Sobolev N N and Sobolev A V.Zircon response to diamond-pressure metamorphism in the Kokchetav Massif,USSR.Geology,1991,19:710-713
[95]Scharer U,Corfu F and Demaiff D.Heterogeneity of the subcontinental mantle:U-P and Lu-Hf isotopes in megasysts of baddeleyite and zircon from the Mbuji kimberlite EOs,1992,73:339
[96]Schertl H P,Schreyer W.Mineral inclusions in heavy mineral of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks of Dora-Maira Massi and their bearing on the relative timing of the petrologica events,in Reading Isotopic Code.Geophysical Monograph,1996,95:331-342
[97]Tabata H,Yamauchi K,Maruyama Setal.Tracingth extent of a UHP metamorphic terrane:mineral-inclusions study of zircons in genesis from the Dabie Shan,When Continent Collide:Geodynamics and Geochemistry of ultrahigh-pressur rocks,1998,261-273
[98]Vavra J I.Systematics of internal zircon morphology major.Variscan grannitoid types.Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,1993,117:331-334
[99]Vavra G,Schmid R,Gebauer D,etal.Internal morphology,habit and U-Th-Pb microanalysis of amphibole to granulite facies zircon:geochronology of the Ivren Zone(Southern Aips).Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,1999,134:380-404
[100]Claoue-Long J C,Compston J,Roberts C M.Fanning.Two Carboniferous ages:a comparison of SHRIMP zircon dating with conventional zircon ages and 40Ar/39Ar analysis,in:Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation 54,SEPM Special Publication,1995,3-21
[101]Williams I S,Claesson S.Isotope evidence for the Precambrian province and Caledonian metamorphism of high grade paragneiss from the Seve Nappes,Scandinavian Caledonides,Ⅱ.Ion microprobe zircon U-Th-Pb.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1987,97:205-217
[102]Compston W,Williams I S,Kirschvink J L,Zhang Zichao,Ma Guogan.Zircon age U-Pb ages for the Early Cambrian time-scale.Journal of Geological Society,London,1992,149:171-184
[103]Williams I S,Buck I S,Cartwright I.An extended episode of early Mesoproterozoic metamorphic fluid flow in the Reylolds Range,centrl Australia.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,1996,14:29-47
[104]Steiger R H,Jager E.Subcommission on geochronology:Convetion or the use of decay constants in geo-and cosmo-chronoiogy.Ear Plan Scie Lett,1997,36:359-362
[105]Compston W,Williams I S,Mayer C.U-Pb geochronology of zircons from Lunar Breccia 73217using a Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe,Proc.ⅪⅤ Lunar Planetary Science Conference.J Geophys Res,1984,89(supp.):B525-534
[106]彭头平,王岳军,范蔚茗,等.澜沧江南段早中生代酸性火成岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及构造意义.中国科学D辑地球科学,2006,36(2):123-132
[107]Hildreth W,Hallidy A N and Christiansen R L.Isotopic and chemical evidence concerning the genesis and eontarnination of basaltic and rhyolitic magma beneath the Yellowstone plateau volcanic field.J.of Peetrology,1991,32(1):63-138
[108]Haskin M A,Haskin L A.Rare earths in European shales:a redetermination.Science,1966,154:507-509.
[109]Pearce J L A,Harris B W,T indle A G.1984.Trance element discrimination diagram s for the tectonic interpretation of g ranitic rocks.Petrology J.Part.,4:956-983
[110]张作铭,鲁益巨.对“土门各拉群”时代问题的讨论.见:青藏高原地质文集(14).北京:地质出版社.1984:185-190
[111]四川省地质局区域地质调查队,中国科学院南京古生物研究所.川西藏东地区地层与古生物(第一册).成都:四川人民出版社,1982
[112]赵样麟,门凤歧.化石手册.北京:地质出版社,1993
[113]王宜昌,杨辉,王永涛.青藏羌塘地区隐伏裂陷槽的识别及油气远景.新疆石油地质,2000,21(1):1-4
[114]史晓颖.藏南珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠系层序地层及沉积演化--从陆表海盆地到裂谷盆地.地质学报,2001,75(3):293-302
[115]Benshili K.Lias-Dogger du Moyen-Atlas plisse(Marce).Sedimentologie,Biostratigrphie et evolution paleogeographique.Kocum,Lab.Geol.Lyon,1989,106:1-285
[116]Bertotti G,Picotti V,BernoulliD,et al.1993.From rifting to drifting:Tectonic evolution of the south-Alpine upper crust from the Triassic to th Early Cretaceoux.Sediment.Geology,86(1):53-76
[117]艾文斯,肯代尔.摩洛哥高阿特拉斯中部深水碳酸盐沉积环境的解释,1989.见:冯增沼等译,深水碳酸盐环境.北京:地质出版社,1990,203-213.
[118]Biswas S K.Regional tectonic framework,structure and evolution of the western marginal basin of India.Tectonophysics,1987,135:30 7-327.
[119]Reading H G.Global tectonics and the Genesis of flysch successions;24th Internat.Geol.Congr.Proc.,Sect.6,59-66
[120]Bouma A D.Sedimentologyof some flyseh deposits.Agraphic approach to facies interpretation.Amsterdan,Elsevier Pub.Co.,1962,168
[121]吴崇筠.对国外浊流沉积和扇三角洲沉积研究的评述.见:中国石油学会石油地质委员会编译.国外浊积岩和扇三角洲研究.北京:石油工业出版社,1986,1-19
(2)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．青藏高原地层特征．中国石油天然气总公司青藏“九五”科技工程项目组内部资料，1999
(3)南京大学地球科学系．羌塘盆地形成条件及构造演化特征(QZ-97-204105)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1997
(4)青海省地质调查院．1∶25万可可西里湖幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2003
(5)新疆区域地质调查院．1∶25万扎岗日幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(6)西藏地质矿产局．1∶100万改则幅区域地质调查报告，1986
(7)大庆石油学院．西藏地区羌塘盆地“若拉错－令戈错－希杂日－纳江错石油天然气地质调查综合研究报告(QT95Y-Z2-04)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1995
(8)西藏地质调查院一分院．1∶25万班戈幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2002
(9)四川省地质调查院．1∶25万物玛幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(10)吉林省地质调查院．1∶25万帕度错幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(11)吉林省地质调查院．1∶25万昂达尔错幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(12)吉林大学地质调查院．1∶25万玛依岗日幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(13)成都地质矿产研究所．1∶25万江爱达日那幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(14)成都地质矿产研究所．羌塘盆地石油地质条件综合研究报告．中国地质调查局青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查与评价项目内部资料，2007
(15)贵州区域地质调查院．1∶25万丁固幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(16)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．西藏地区羌塘盆地“玛尔盖茶卡－角木日－朗木登”工程石油天然气路线地质调查(QT95YZ1-01)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1995
(17)宜昌地质矿产研究所．1∶25万赤布张错幅区域地质调查报告。中国地质调查局内部资料，2003
(18)大庆石油学院．青藏羌塘盆地“沙窝滩幅、白滩湖幅、强仁温杂日幅区域石油地质调查报告(QT96YD－03)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1996
(19)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．羌塘盆地西区综合地质工程综合研究报告(QT96YZ-01)．中石油青藏石油勘探项目经理部内部资料，1996
(20)广西壮族自治区地质调查研究院．1∶25万布若错幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(21)成都地质矿产研究所．1∶25万黑虎岭幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(22)成都地质矿产研究所．1∶25万土错幅区域地质调查报告。中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(23)广西壮族自治区地质调查研究院．1：25万查多岗日幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2006
(23)大庆石油学院．西藏地区羌塘盆地“若拉错-令戈错-希杂日-纳江错”工程石油天然气路线地质调查(QT95Y-Z2-04)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1995
(24)成都环境地质与资源开发研究所．青藏地区羌塘盆地区域石油地质调查报告(QZ-97-102101)．中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料，1997
(25)西藏自治区地质调查院．1∶25万兹各塘错幅区域地质调查报告．中国地质调查局内部资料，2003
(26)四川碳酸盐岩油气田开发研究中心.羌塘盆地石油天然气路线地质调查“玛那莱钦-水晶矿-古金乌兰湖东”工程.中国石油天然气总公司勘探局青藏项目经理部内部资料,1995
[1]余光明,王成善.西藏特提斯沉积地质.北京:地质出版社,1990:94-104
[2]王岫岩.西藏特提斯构造域及其找油前景.石油学报,1998,19(2):44-48
[3]谭富文,王剑,王小龙,杜佰伟.西藏羌塘盆地--中国油气资源战略选区的首选目标.沉积与特提斯地质,2002,22(1):16-21
[4]王岫岩,云金表,罗笃清,滕玉洪,林铁锋.西藏羌塘盆地动力学演化与油气前景探讨.石油学报,1999,20(3):28-32
[5]西藏地质矿产局.西藏自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1993,178-194
[6]李日俊,吴浩若,李红生,孙东立.藏北阿木岗群、查桑群和鲁谷组硅质放射虫的发现及有关问题讨论.地质论评,1997,43(3):250-256
[7]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原地层.北京:科学出版社,2001b,125-139;439
[8]李才,王天武,杨德明,杨日红.西藏羌塘中央隆起区物质组成与构造演化.长春科技大学学报,2001,31(1):25-31
[9]白云山,李莉,牛志军,魏君奇,卜建军.长江源各拉丹冬晚三叠世火山岩特征与成岩构造环境.华南地质与矿产,2001,3:9-13
[10]姚华舟,白云山,曾波夫,段其发,牛志军,魏君奇,甘金木,卜建军,朱应华.长江源区发现晚三叠世火山弧.地学前缘(中国地质大学,北京),2004,11(2)
[11]王剑,谭富文,李亚林,等.青藏高原重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析.北京:地质出版社,2004,32-89
[12]王剑,谭富文,王小龙,杜佰伟,陈明.藏北羌塘盆地早侏罗世-中侏罗世早期沉积构造特征.沉积学报,2004,22(2):198-205
[13]刘勇,曹春潮,吕金海.藏北羌塘盆地演化初探.断块油气田,1998,5(5):6-12
[14]黄继钧.羌塘盆地性质及构造演化.地质力学学报,2000,6(4):58-66
[15]黄继钧.藏北羌塘盆地构造特征及演化.中国区域地质,2001,20(2):178-186
[16]朱同兴.从弧后盆地到前陆盆地的沉积演化--以西藏北部羌塘中生代盆地分析为例.特提斯地质,1999,23:1-15
[17]王成善,伊海生,李勇,等.西藏羌塘盆地地质演化与油气远景评价.北京:地质出版社,2001
[18]李勇,王成善,伊海生.中生代羌塘前陆盆地充填序列及演化过程.地层学杂志,2002,26(1):62-67
[19]李勇,王成善,伊海生.西藏金沙江缝合带西段晚三叠世碰撞作用与沉积响应,沉积学报,2003,21(2):191-197
[20]文世宣.西藏北部地层新资料.地层学杂志,1979,3(2):150-156
[21]孙东立,章炳高.喀喇昆仑-唐古拉区海相侏罗系的几个问题.地层学杂志,1979,3(4):317-321
[22]邓万明,刘关键,文世宣,蒋忠惕,张知非.藏北地质路线.地质科学,1980,2:142-156
[23]李光岑,劳雄.唐古拉山温泉地区地质特征.见:青藏高原地质文集(1).北京:地质出版社,1982、80-95
[24]王乃文.中国侏罗纪特提斯地层学问题.见:青藏高原地质文集(3).北京:地质出版社,1983,62-86
[25]蒋忠惕.羌塘地区侏罗纪地层的若干问题.见:青藏高原地质文集(3).北京:地质出版社,1983,87-112
[26]马孝达.青南藏北海相侏罗系划分的讨论.见:青藏高原地质文集(3).北京:地质出版社,1983,113-118
[27]吴瑞忠.胡承祖,王成善,张懋功,高德荣,兰伯龙,张育楠,陈德全,王全海.藏北羌塘地区地层系统.见:青藏高原地质文集(9).北京:地质出版社,1985,1-32.
[28]饶荣标,徐济凡,陈永明,邹定帮.青藏高原的三叠系.北京:地质出版社,1987,1-196
[29]杨遵义,阴家润.青海省南部侏罗纪地层问题讨论.现代地质,1988,2(3):278-292
[30]刘世坤,吕荣敬.羌塘地区海相下侏罗统新知.地层学杂志,1988,12(2):133-135
[31]阴家润.唐古拉山北坡雁石坪群巴柔期双壳类动物群.地质论评,1988,39(5),440-?
[32]白生海.青海西南部海相侏罗纪地层新认识.地质论评,1989,35(6),529-536
[33]和钟铧,李才,杨德明,陈光权.西藏羌塘盆地的构造沉积特征及演化.长春科技大学学报,2000,30(4):347-352
[34]王冠民,钟建华.班公湖-怒江构造带西段三叠纪-侏罗纪构造-沉积演化.地质论评,2002,48(3):297-303
[35]郑孟林,刘池阳,王定一.青藏羌塘三叠纪盆地的形成与演化.新疆石油地质,2004,25(1):13-16
[36]高春文,贾庆军,魏春光.羌塘盆地晚三叠世原型盆地性质探讨.地质论评,2006,52(2):198-206
[37]吴功建,肖序常,李廷栋.青藏高原亚东-格尔木地学断面.地质学报,1988,63(4):285-294
[38]常承法.青藏高原地质构造演化.中国青藏高原研究会第一届学术讨论会论文选.北京:科学出版社,1992,215-223
[39]潘裕生.1994,青藏高原第五缝合带的发现与论证.地球物理学报,1994,37(2):184-192
[40]任纪舜,王作勋,陈炳蔚等.1999.中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明:从全球看中国大地构造.北京:地质出版社,1999.50
[41]任纪舜,肖黎薇.1:25万地质填图进一步揭开了青藏高原大地构造的神秘面纱.地质通报,2004,23(1):
[42]中英联合考察队.青藏高原地质演化.北京:科学出版社.1998,50-72
[43]张以弗,郑健康.青海可可西里及邻区地质概论.北京:地震出版社,1994
[44]边千韬,郑祥身.西金乌兰和冈齐曲蛇绿岩的发现.地质科学,1991,3
[45]边千韬,郑样身,李红生,沙金庚.青海可可西里地区蛇绿岩的时代及形成环境.地质论评,1997,43(4):347-355
[46]郑样身,边千韬,郑健康.青海可可西里地区侵入岩的岩石化学特征及其成因意义研究.岩石学报,1997.13(1):44 58
[47]张以佛.从构造旋回探讨青海及邻区大地构造.见:青藏高原地质文集(14).北京:地质出版社,1984,1-12
[48]刘训.青藏高原不同地体的地层、生物区系及沉积构造演化史.北京地质出版社,1992,1-145
[49]刘增乾,徐宪,潘桂棠.青藏高原大地构造与形成演化.北京:地质出版社.1993,1-174
[50]尹集祥.青藏高原南特提斯区地层地质演化轮廓.中国科学院地质研究所所集.1988,(3):1-25
[51]李红生,边千韬.可可西里西金乌兰岗齐曲蛇绿混杂岩中晚古生代放射虫.现代地质,1993,(4):410-420.
[52]边千韬,沙金庚,郑样身.西金乌兰晚二叠一早二叠世石英砂岩及其大地构造意义.地质科学,1993,(4):327-335.
[53]朱迎堂,伊海生,杨延兴,郭通珍,彭伟,陈海清.青海西金乌兰湖地区移山湖晚泥盆世辉绿岩墙群--西金乌兰洋初始裂解的重要证据.沉积与特提斯地质,2004,24(3):38-42
[54]穆利修,王宏运,罗宏伟.藏北若拉岗日C-P1裂谷带的发现及构造意义.新疆地质,2006,24(1):16-23.
[55]王璞珺,Frank Mattern,Werner Schneider,刘万洙.田纹全,李才.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带 白垩系沉积特征及其构造意义.世界地质,2003,22(2):105-110
[56]王希斌,鲍佩声,邓万明等.西藏蛇绿岩.北京:地质出版社,1987
[57]汤耀庆,王方国.西藏北部湖区蛇绿岩的地球化学特征.成都地质学院学报.1983,(3):29-42
[58]廖国兴.西藏班公湖-怒江板块结合带东段地质特征.见:青藏高原地质文集(12),1983:75-86
[59]罗建宁.论东特提斯形成与演化的基本特征.特提斯地质.1995,19:1-8
[60]王玉净,王建平,刘彦明,李秋生,裴放.西藏丁青蛇绿岩特征、时代及其地质意义.微体古生物学报 2002,19(4):417-420
[61]邱瑞照,周,肃,邓晋福,李金发,肖庆辉,蔡志勇.西藏班公湖-怒江西段舍马拉沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩年龄测定--兼论班公湖-怒江蛇绿岩带形成时代.中国地质,2004,31(3):262-268
[62]夏代祥.班公湖-怒江、雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段演化历程的剖析.见:青藏高原论文集(9),北京:地质出版社,1985,123-138
[63]陈国荣,刘鸿飞,蒋光武,曾庆高,赵守仁,张相国.西藏班公湖!怒江结合带中段沙木罗组的发现.地质通报,2004,23(2):193-194
[64]王成善,胡承祖,吴瑞忠,张懋功.西藏北部查桑-茶布裂谷的发现及其地质意义.成都地质学院学报,1987,14(2):33-46
[65]李才.龙木错-双湖-澜沧江板块缝合带与石炭-二叠纪冈瓦纳北界.长春地质学院学报,1987,17(2):155-166
[66]李才.西藏羌塘中部蓝片岩青铝闪石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年及其地质意义科学通报,1997,42(4):488
[67]西藏地质矿产局.西藏自治区岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997
[68]李才.羌塘基底质疑.地质论评,2003,,49(1):4-9
[69]梁定益,聂泽同,郭铁鹰,张宜智,王为平.西藏阿里北部二叠、三叠纪地层及古生物研究的新进展.地质论评,1982,28(3):245-246
[70]方德庆,李椿.青藏高原羌塘盆地三叠系对比.大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(1):1-4
[71]张树岐,蒋丽杰,冯德臣,李庆武,李学彬,孙中纲.藏北南羌塘孜狮桑地区早三叠世牙形刺化石新资料.地质通报,2005,24(12):1173-1174
[72]朱勋,易成兴,陈仁.青藏羌塘地块他利克甘利山早三叠纪牙形刺的发现及地质意义.贵州地质,2006,(1):25-28
[73]王权,董挨管,杨五宝,段春森,魏荣珠,吴仲华,武俊高,张永新.藏西北日土县拉竹龙地区海相三叠系的发现和万泉河群的建立.地质通报,2005,24(3):246-251
[74]杨德明,李才,郑常青.西藏羌塘地区印支期火山岩构造地球化学特征.长春科技大学学报,2001,31(4):333-337
[75]李才,程立人,胡克,等.西藏龙木错-双湖古特提斯缝合带研究.北京:地质出版社,1995,90-91
[76]李元林.1995.大溪砾岩及其时代归属.成都理工学院学报,1995,22(2):11-14
[77]邱隆伟,杜蕊,梁宏斌,马郡.束鹿凹陷碳酸盐角砾岩的成因研究.沉积学报,2006,24(2):202-209
[78]Flugel E.Micro-facies Analysis of Limestones.Berlin:Spring-Verlay,1982
[79]刘宝珺.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1980.27-98
[80]马丽艳,白云山,牛志军,姚华舟,段其发.长江源各拉丹冬地区晚三叠世火山岩锶、铷同位素地球化学特征及其意义.中国地质,2004,31(2):174-178
[81]贾建胜.羌塘盆地东部中新生代沉积特征与动力学演化.中国地质大学(北京)博士论文,2006
[82]时志强.羌塘盆地侏罗系高分辨率层序地层学及含油气远景.成都理工大学博士论文,2004
[83]段其发,王健雄,姚华舟,张仁杰.青海雀莫错地区侏罗系双壳类及沉积环境.科学技术与工程,2004,4(7):546-550
[84]段其发,王健雄,姚华舟,牛志军,张仁杰.青海南部赤布张错地区中侏罗世沉积环境及双壳类 化石.沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(3):16-21
[85]阴家润,史晓颖,周志广,李端.青海唐古拉地区侏罗纪非海相双壳动物群及其古环境分析.地区科学--中国地质大学学报,1993,18(4):369-380
[86]饶荣标,徐济凡,陈永明,邹定帮.青藏高原的三叠系.北京:地质出版社,1987
[87]吴一民.西藏晚三叠世煤系地层的划分与对比.煤田地质与勘探,1980,(6):23-29
[88]李乾,陆刚,张能,莫丽群,许华,唐朝霞,卫小彦.羌北双壳类祁阳蚌组合的发现及其地层学意义.地质学报,2006,80(6):781-784
[89]梁定益,聂泽同,董文彤,王世洪.藏南聂拉木地区上三叠统与侏罗系中伸展不整合以及各组地层的厘定.现代地质,2000,14(3):333-341
[90]王根厚,梁定益,刘文灿,董文彤,王世洪.藏南海西期以来伸展运动及伸展作用.现代地质,2000,14(2):133-139
[91]Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Smith A G,et al.A new Geological Time Scale,with special reference to precambrian and Neogene.Episodes,2004,27(2):83-100
[92]Heaman L and Parrish R.U-Pb geochronology of accessory minerals.In:Heaman L and Ludden J N (eds.),Short Course Hand-book on Applications of Radiogenic Isotope Systems to Problems in geology.Mineralogical Association of Canada,Torondo,1991
[93]陈道公,李彬贤,夏群科,等.变质岩中锆石U-Pb计时问题评述--兼论大别造山带锆石定年.岩石学报,2001,17(1):129-138
[94]Claoue-Long J C,Sobolev N N and Sobolev A V.Zircon response to diamond-pressure metamorphism in the Kokchetav Massif,USSR.Geology,1991,19:710-713
[95]Scharer U,Corfu F and Demaiff D.Heterogeneity of the subcontinental mantle:U-P and Lu-Hf isotopes in megasysts of baddeleyite and zircon from the Mbuji kimberlite EOs,1992,73:339
[96]Schertl H P,Schreyer W.Mineral inclusions in heavy mineral of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks of Dora-Maira Massi and their bearing on the relative timing of the petrologica events,in Reading Isotopic Code.Geophysical Monograph,1996,95:331-342
[97]Tabata H,Yamauchi K,Maruyama Setal.Tracingth extent of a UHP metamorphic terrane:mineral-inclusions study of zircons in genesis from the Dabie Shan,When Continent Collide:Geodynamics and Geochemistry of ultrahigh-pressur rocks,1998,261-273
[98]Vavra J I.Systematics of internal zircon morphology major.Variscan grannitoid types.Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,1993,117:331-334
[99]Vavra G,Schmid R,Gebauer D,etal.Internal morphology,habit and U-Th-Pb microanalysis of amphibole to granulite facies zircon:geochronology of the Ivren Zone(Southern Aips).Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,1999,134:380-404
[100]Claoue-Long J C,Compston J,Roberts C M.Fanning.Two Carboniferous ages:a comparison of SHRIMP zircon dating with conventional zircon ages and 40Ar/39Ar analysis,in:Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation 54,SEPM Special Publication,1995,3-21
[101]Williams I S,Claesson S.Isotope evidence for the Precambrian province and Caledonian metamorphism of high grade paragneiss from the Seve Nappes,Scandinavian Caledonides,Ⅱ.Ion microprobe zircon U-Th-Pb.Contrib Mineral Petrol,1987,97:205-217
[102]Compston W,Williams I S,Kirschvink J L,Zhang Zichao,Ma Guogan.Zircon age U-Pb ages for the Early Cambrian time-scale.Journal of Geological Society,London,1992,149:171-184
[103]Williams I S,Buck I S,Cartwright I.An extended episode of early Mesoproterozoic metamorphic fluid flow in the Reylolds Range,centrl Australia.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,1996,14:29-47
[104]Steiger R H,Jager E.Subcommission on geochronology:Convetion or the use of decay constants in geo-and cosmo-chronoiogy.Ear Plan Scie Lett,1997,36:359-362
[105]Compston W,Williams I S,Mayer C.U-Pb geochronology of zircons from Lunar Breccia 73217using a Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe,Proc.ⅪⅤ Lunar Planetary Science Conference.J Geophys Res,1984,89(supp.):B525-534
[106]彭头平,王岳军,范蔚茗,等.澜沧江南段早中生代酸性火成岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及构造意义.中国科学D辑地球科学,2006,36(2):123-132
[107]Hildreth W,Hallidy A N and Christiansen R L.Isotopic and chemical evidence concerning the genesis and eontarnination of basaltic and rhyolitic magma beneath the Yellowstone plateau volcanic field.J.of Peetrology,1991,32(1):63-138
[108]Haskin M A,Haskin L A.Rare earths in European shales:a redetermination.Science,1966,154:507-509.
[109]Pearce J L A,Harris B W,T indle A G.1984.Trance element discrimination diagram s for the tectonic interpretation of g ranitic rocks.Petrology J.Part.,4:956-983
[110]张作铭,鲁益巨.对“土门各拉群”时代问题的讨论.见:青藏高原地质文集(14).北京:地质出版社.1984:185-190
[111]四川省地质局区域地质调查队,中国科学院南京古生物研究所.川西藏东地区地层与古生物(第一册).成都:四川人民出版社,1982
[112]赵样麟,门凤歧.化石手册.北京:地质出版社,1993
[113]王宜昌,杨辉,王永涛.青藏羌塘地区隐伏裂陷槽的识别及油气远景.新疆石油地质,2000,21(1):1-4
[114]史晓颖.藏南珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠系层序地层及沉积演化--从陆表海盆地到裂谷盆地.地质学报,2001,75(3):293-302
[115]Benshili K.Lias-Dogger du Moyen-Atlas plisse(Marce).Sedimentologie,Biostratigrphie et evolution paleogeographique.Kocum,Lab.Geol.Lyon,1989,106:1-285
[116]Bertotti G,Picotti V,BernoulliD,et al.1993.From rifting to drifting:Tectonic evolution of the south-Alpine upper crust from the Triassic to th Early Cretaceoux.Sediment.Geology,86(1):53-76
[117]艾文斯,肯代尔.摩洛哥高阿特拉斯中部深水碳酸盐沉积环境的解释,1989.见:冯增沼等译,深水碳酸盐环境.北京:地质出版社,1990,203-213.
[118]Biswas S K.Regional tectonic framework,structure and evolution of the western marginal basin of India.Tectonophysics,1987,135:30 7-327.
[119]Reading H G.Global tectonics and the Genesis of flysch successions;24th Internat.Geol.Congr.Proc.,Sect.6,59-66
[120]Bouma A D.Sedimentologyof some flyseh deposits.Agraphic approach to facies interpretation.Amsterdan,Elsevier Pub.Co.,1962,168
[121]吴崇筠.对国外浊流沉积和扇三角洲沉积研究的评述.见:中国石油学会石油地质委员会编译.国外浊积岩和扇三角洲研究.北京:石油工业出版社,1986,1-19