TiO_2催化分解汽车尾气沥青路面材料研究
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摘要
汽车尾气是造成大气环境污染的重要因素之一，开展TiO2催化分解汽车尾气沥青路面材料的试验方法、评价指标、材料设计等方面的研究，具有重要的环保意义及社会意义。
本文首先对TiO2催化分解汽车尾气路面催化性能测试系统进行了研发，确定了系统的主要组成元件及功能，确定了试验基本参数，建立了尾气累计分解率公式，确定了了试验时间，给出了测试系统的校准公式，制定了TiO2催化分解汽车尾气路面材料催化性能测试系统的操作规程；提出了TiO2催化分解汽车尾气路面的类型，建立了HMA式及表面涂层式催化分解尾气沥青路面材料技术指标体系，分析了TiO2催化分解汽车尾气原理，对HMA式及表面涂层式催化分解尾气路面催化性能的影响因素进行了分析，推荐了HMA式催化分解尾气路面的材料及结构，提出了表面涂层式路面材料的制备方法，从HMA式及表面涂层式催化分解尾气路面催化性能衰减的角度，对连续反应次数、冲洗数次、污染指数、压密作用等因素展开了分析与研究。
研究结果表明：TiO2掺量、混合料空隙率、紫外光辐照度、混合料温度等影响因素对HMA式催化分解尾气路面的催化性能影响显著，纳米TiO2含量、表面喷涂量、紫外光辐照度、温度等影响因素对表面涂层式催化分解尾气路面催化性能影响显著，TiO2对TPS髙粘沥青针入度、135℃粘度基本无影响，但TPS髙粘沥青的延度随着TiO2掺量的增大而不断降低，TPS髙粘沥青的抗紫外线老化性能随着TiO2掺量的增大而增强，TiO2掺量对于PAC-13髙粘沥青混合料的残留稳定度、冻融劈裂残留强度比、低温抗弯拉强度、弯曲劲度模量影响不大，但混合料的动稳定度随着TiO2掺量的增大而迅速减小，采用锐钛矿型普通纳米二氧化钛、TPS含量为12%的髙粘改性沥青、PAC-13结构、2.75%二氧化钛掺量，可制备出催化分解汽车尾气性能相对优良、路用性能满足行车要求的HMA式催化分解尾气路面，采用亲油锐钛矿型25nmTiO2、(NaPO3)6、盐酸、乳化剂、NH4CL、Cacl2、SBS改性剂可以制备出催化性能及路用性能相对优良的催化浆料，冲洗次数对TiO2催化分解尾气路面催化性能无影响，污染指数对催化性能影响显著，压密作用是造成HMA式催化分解尾气路面的催化性能衰减的因素之一。
Automobile exhaust pollution has become a big problem, how to reduce it’s harm whileenjoying the convenience puzzled the environmental protection department. As the carrier ofmoving vehicle, the contaction with automobile exhaust directly. It is effective to reduce harmif road has the functiona of degrade automobile exhaust. The study on automobile exhaustphotocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement is not systemic, and the equipment is simpleand crude, unscientific, and lack of demonstration in test methods and conditions. It is lack ofphysical meaning to describe the objective law of density loss in regression mathematicalmodel. There is no assessment indicator system of automobile exhaust photocatalyticdegradationly asphalt pavement. The study on the influence factor of photocatalyticperformance is not systemic, and there is not have a well-developed theories in the attenuationlaw of photocatalytic performance.
Firstly the test system of photocatalytic performance to automobile exhaust wasresearched and development. The major components and functions were researched, and thebasic parameters were confirmed, include irradiance and gas concentration. Accumulativetotal resolution ratio model, testing time and calibrat formula was set up, and the operatinginstruction of test system of photocatalytic performance to automobile exhaust wasformulated. The form of automobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavementwas divided into HMA automobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement,surface loaded automobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement, seal coatautomobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement. The evaluating index ofphotocatalytic performance and materials design index system of HMA and surface loadedautomobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement was set up. Mechanism ofautomobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement was analysed. Influencefactors of photocatalytic performance were analysed, and the photocatalytic performanceprediction models of HMA and surface loaded automobile exhaust photocatalyticdegradationly asphalt pavement was established. Both sides include photocatalytic andpavement performances were considered to the design of materials and structures. The relationship between with the attenuation law of photocatalytic performance and reactiontimes, washing times, pollution index, compaction effect was analysised and researched.
The results show that, hole-electron pair is generated while TiO2receive theUV-irradiation, and then OH is generated which could resolve CO、NOx、HC to be CO2、H2O、 NO3-. The photocatalytic performance prediction model of HMA automobile exhaustphotocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement according to TiO2mixing amount, voidfraction, irradiance and temperature, and The photocatalytic performance prediction model ofsurface loaded automobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement accordingto TiO2mixing amount, load quality, irradiance and temperature had high accuracy. HMAautomobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement with excellentphotocatalytic and road performance could be prepared by PAC-13,2.75%anatase TiO2, highviscosity asphalt with12%TPS. Surface loaded automobile exhaust photocatalyticdegradationly asphalt pavement with excellent photocatalytic and road performance could beprepared by7.7%anatase25nm TiO2,(NaPO3)6, HCl, emulgator, NH4CL, Cacl2, SBS.Reaction times, pollution index and compaction effect have the interrelate with attenuationlaw of photocatalytic performance, There is not a strong link washing times and attenuationlaw of photocatalytic performance.
本文首先对TiO2催化分解汽车尾气路面催化性能测试系统进行了研发，确定了系统的主要组成元件及功能，确定了试验基本参数，建立了尾气累计分解率公式，确定了了试验时间，给出了测试系统的校准公式，制定了TiO2催化分解汽车尾气路面材料催化性能测试系统的操作规程；提出了TiO2催化分解汽车尾气路面的类型，建立了HMA式及表面涂层式催化分解尾气沥青路面材料技术指标体系，分析了TiO2催化分解汽车尾气原理，对HMA式及表面涂层式催化分解尾气路面催化性能的影响因素进行了分析，推荐了HMA式催化分解尾气路面的材料及结构，提出了表面涂层式路面材料的制备方法，从HMA式及表面涂层式催化分解尾气路面催化性能衰减的角度，对连续反应次数、冲洗数次、污染指数、压密作用等因素展开了分析与研究。
研究结果表明：TiO2掺量、混合料空隙率、紫外光辐照度、混合料温度等影响因素对HMA式催化分解尾气路面的催化性能影响显著，纳米TiO2含量、表面喷涂量、紫外光辐照度、温度等影响因素对表面涂层式催化分解尾气路面催化性能影响显著，TiO2对TPS髙粘沥青针入度、135℃粘度基本无影响，但TPS髙粘沥青的延度随着TiO2掺量的增大而不断降低，TPS髙粘沥青的抗紫外线老化性能随着TiO2掺量的增大而增强，TiO2掺量对于PAC-13髙粘沥青混合料的残留稳定度、冻融劈裂残留强度比、低温抗弯拉强度、弯曲劲度模量影响不大，但混合料的动稳定度随着TiO2掺量的增大而迅速减小，采用锐钛矿型普通纳米二氧化钛、TPS含量为12%的髙粘改性沥青、PAC-13结构、2.75%二氧化钛掺量，可制备出催化分解汽车尾气性能相对优良、路用性能满足行车要求的HMA式催化分解尾气路面，采用亲油锐钛矿型25nmTiO2、(NaPO3)6、盐酸、乳化剂、NH4CL、Cacl2、SBS改性剂可以制备出催化性能及路用性能相对优良的催化浆料，冲洗次数对TiO2催化分解尾气路面催化性能无影响，污染指数对催化性能影响显著，压密作用是造成HMA式催化分解尾气路面的催化性能衰减的因素之一。
Automobile exhaust pollution has become a big problem, how to reduce it’s harm whileenjoying the convenience puzzled the environmental protection department. As the carrier ofmoving vehicle, the contaction with automobile exhaust directly. It is effective to reduce harmif road has the functiona of degrade automobile exhaust. The study on automobile exhaustphotocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement is not systemic, and the equipment is simpleand crude, unscientific, and lack of demonstration in test methods and conditions. It is lack ofphysical meaning to describe the objective law of density loss in regression mathematicalmodel. There is no assessment indicator system of automobile exhaust photocatalyticdegradationly asphalt pavement. The study on the influence factor of photocatalyticperformance is not systemic, and there is not have a well-developed theories in the attenuationlaw of photocatalytic performance.
Firstly the test system of photocatalytic performance to automobile exhaust wasresearched and development. The major components and functions were researched, and thebasic parameters were confirmed, include irradiance and gas concentration. Accumulativetotal resolution ratio model, testing time and calibrat formula was set up, and the operatinginstruction of test system of photocatalytic performance to automobile exhaust wasformulated. The form of automobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavementwas divided into HMA automobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement,surface loaded automobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement, seal coatautomobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement. The evaluating index ofphotocatalytic performance and materials design index system of HMA and surface loadedautomobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement was set up. Mechanism ofautomobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement was analysed. Influencefactors of photocatalytic performance were analysed, and the photocatalytic performanceprediction models of HMA and surface loaded automobile exhaust photocatalyticdegradationly asphalt pavement was established. Both sides include photocatalytic andpavement performances were considered to the design of materials and structures. The relationship between with the attenuation law of photocatalytic performance and reactiontimes, washing times, pollution index, compaction effect was analysised and researched.
The results show that, hole-electron pair is generated while TiO2receive theUV-irradiation, and then OH is generated which could resolve CO、NOx、HC to be CO2、H2O、 NO3-. The photocatalytic performance prediction model of HMA automobile exhaustphotocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement according to TiO2mixing amount, voidfraction, irradiance and temperature, and The photocatalytic performance prediction model ofsurface loaded automobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement accordingto TiO2mixing amount, load quality, irradiance and temperature had high accuracy. HMAautomobile exhaust photocatalytic degradationly asphalt pavement with excellentphotocatalytic and road performance could be prepared by PAC-13,2.75%anatase TiO2, highviscosity asphalt with12%TPS. Surface loaded automobile exhaust photocatalyticdegradationly asphalt pavement with excellent photocatalytic and road performance could beprepared by7.7%anatase25nm TiO2,(NaPO3)6, HCl, emulgator, NH4CL, Cacl2, SBS.Reaction times, pollution index and compaction effect have the interrelate with attenuationlaw of photocatalytic performance, There is not a strong link washing times and attenuationlaw of photocatalytic performance.
引文
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