地面防护工程抗爆复合材料与结构研究
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摘要
面对大当量杀伤性常规武器的爆炸破坏效应，地面防护工程的抗力设计和施工技术都已经不能满足工程防护的要求，而地面防护工程没有地下防护工程可以提供的坚实厚重的岩土层作为防护层，完全依靠自身结构抵抗武器破坏效应。因此，选取当前防护工程领域内亟待解决的前沿课题——地面防护工程的抗爆技术研究作为论文选题。针对地面防护工程的抗爆防护技术，对双掺混凝土、聚氨酯泡沫铝复合材料和聚氨酯蜂窝纸板复合材料等三种复合材料进行研究，从材料强度、吸能特性、本构关系和复合吸能抗爆结构型式等四方面进行了研究，提高地面防护工程的抗爆防护能力。主要取得以下研究进展：
（1）研究掺加硅粉和粉煤灰混凝土的动态抗压强度及最佳掺量。针对当前地面防护工程结构使用的普通C50混凝土，在节约资金、减轻自重的前提下提高混凝土的强度，通过SHPB动态冲击试验发现：双掺混凝土的动态抗压强度从120MPa提高到180MPa，显著提高了结构抗力。通过正交试验分析方法，找到不同冲击条件下的最佳掺量，低速冲击的最优组合为J2G3F1S3；中速冲击的最优组合为J2G2F1S2；高速冲击的最优组合为J1G3F1S3。
（2）研究聚氨酯泡沫铝复合材料力学性能和吸能性能。通过对聚氨酯泡沫铝结构的静、动态力学性能的研究，得出结论：聚氨酯泡沫铝的屈服强度与应变率、相对密度和聚氨酯含量成正比。随着相对密度增加和聚氨酯含量增加，屈服强度均可提高10%以上。随着应变率的增加，泡沫铝的屈服强度可提高45%以上，聚氨酯泡沫铝的屈服强度可提高30%以上，因此认为，泡沫铝和聚氨酯泡沫铝具有非常明显的应变率效应。聚氨酯含量的提高可使聚氨酯泡沫铝吸能量提高50%以上，吸能效率提高30%以上。聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能效率可以达到0.7，是一种很好的吸能材料。
（3）研究聚氨酯蜂窝纸板复合材料力学性能和吸能性能。填充聚氨酯材料的蜂窝纸板在静态受压时使本来会有的失稳阶段消失，从而提高了蜂窝纸板复合材料的弹性极限水平（从0.2240MPa提高到0.5422MPa，增长了41.3%）和屈服应力（约为填充前的3-4倍），提升了蜂窝纸板材料的缓冲性能。复合材料静、动态吸能性能大幅提高，吸能量约为复合前两种材料吸能量总和的1-2倍；吸能效率E和理想吸能效率I均在0.6以上，是很好的缓冲吸能材料。
（4）建立抗爆复合材料的动态本构模型。基于现有的研究基础，分别对以上三种材料建立了动态本构模型。分别建立了双掺混凝土基于ZWT本构模型的低应变率本构模型和非线性条件下随机损伤本构模型：
建立了聚氨酯泡沫铝基于硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料本构关系的包含相对密度、应变、应变率和聚氨酯含量等影响因素的泡沫金属本构模型：
建立了聚氨酯蜂窝纸板基于Sherwood-Frost本构关系的本构模型：
（5）获得不同抗爆结构的最优化组合型式。通过LS-DYNA有限元程序对SAFFC-聚氨酯泡沫铝复合结构进行抗爆吸能数值计算，对复合结构进行优化分析。结果表明：同等抗爆条件下，SAFFC（50cm）-聚氨酯泡沫铝（20cm）-SAFFC（50cm）的抗爆性能为最佳。对填充SAFFC、聚氨酯泡沫铝和聚氨酯蜂窝纸板的三种钢板防护门结构进行抗爆吸能计算，优化分析在不同条件下的复合结构抗爆性能。结果表明：聚氨酯蜂窝纸板的自重较轻，便于维护，但爆炸后防护门变形较大，因此适于防护等级不高的情况；防护等级较高时，聚氨酯泡沫铝首选，混凝土也可以考虑，但是考虑二次打击的情况下，混凝土填充物因破碎不能继续使用。
This article selects the frontier subject need to be addressed within the currentdefense engineering field-the ground defense engineering antiknock technologyresearch as a thesis topic selection and researches new defense materials and thecombination of hard and soft composite defense structure to improve the groundresistance defense engineering itself.
(1) Study of dynamic compressive strength of doped silicon powder and fly ashconcrete. The common C50concrete is mixed with silicon powder and fly ash toimprove the strength of concrete. Through the SHPB dynamic impact test, the doublemixing concrete was found that the dynamic compressive strength from120MPa to180MPa, the structural resistance is improved significantly.
(2) Research on mechanical properties and energy absorption performance ofpolyurethane foam aluminum composite material. Polyurethane foam aluminumcomposite material is used to be energy absorption layer. Based on the static anddynamic mechanical properties of polyurethane foam aluminium structure research,conclusions is drawn: polyurethane foam aluminum energy absorption efficiency canreach0.7, which is a kind of good energy absorption material.
(3) Research on polyurethane composite mechanical properties and energyabsorption properties of honeycomb paperboard. In the static compression phasehoneycomb paperboard filled with polyurethane materials has some instability phasedisappeared, thus improve the elastic limit level of the honeycomb cardboardcomposite. The study found that the energy absorption efficiency E and ideal energyabsorption efficiency I of Polyurethane honeycomb paperboard is above0.6, whichshows it is a good energy absorption material.
(4) Based on the research of kinds of materials and previous research results,three kinds of material dynamic constitutive model are established. The LS-DYNAfinite element program is used for antiknock energy absorption and optimizationanalysis of composite structure of SAFFC-polyurethane foam aluminum compositestructure and three kinds of steel doors filled with SAFFC, polyurethane foamaluminum and polyurethane honeycomb board.
（1）研究掺加硅粉和粉煤灰混凝土的动态抗压强度及最佳掺量。针对当前地面防护工程结构使用的普通C50混凝土，在节约资金、减轻自重的前提下提高混凝土的强度，通过SHPB动态冲击试验发现：双掺混凝土的动态抗压强度从120MPa提高到180MPa，显著提高了结构抗力。通过正交试验分析方法，找到不同冲击条件下的最佳掺量，低速冲击的最优组合为J2G3F1S3；中速冲击的最优组合为J2G2F1S2；高速冲击的最优组合为J1G3F1S3。
（2）研究聚氨酯泡沫铝复合材料力学性能和吸能性能。通过对聚氨酯泡沫铝结构的静、动态力学性能的研究，得出结论：聚氨酯泡沫铝的屈服强度与应变率、相对密度和聚氨酯含量成正比。随着相对密度增加和聚氨酯含量增加，屈服强度均可提高10%以上。随着应变率的增加，泡沫铝的屈服强度可提高45%以上，聚氨酯泡沫铝的屈服强度可提高30%以上，因此认为，泡沫铝和聚氨酯泡沫铝具有非常明显的应变率效应。聚氨酯含量的提高可使聚氨酯泡沫铝吸能量提高50%以上，吸能效率提高30%以上。聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能效率可以达到0.7，是一种很好的吸能材料。
（3）研究聚氨酯蜂窝纸板复合材料力学性能和吸能性能。填充聚氨酯材料的蜂窝纸板在静态受压时使本来会有的失稳阶段消失，从而提高了蜂窝纸板复合材料的弹性极限水平（从0.2240MPa提高到0.5422MPa，增长了41.3%）和屈服应力（约为填充前的3-4倍），提升了蜂窝纸板材料的缓冲性能。复合材料静、动态吸能性能大幅提高，吸能量约为复合前两种材料吸能量总和的1-2倍；吸能效率E和理想吸能效率I均在0.6以上，是很好的缓冲吸能材料。
（4）建立抗爆复合材料的动态本构模型。基于现有的研究基础，分别对以上三种材料建立了动态本构模型。分别建立了双掺混凝土基于ZWT本构模型的低应变率本构模型和非线性条件下随机损伤本构模型：
建立了聚氨酯泡沫铝基于硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料本构关系的包含相对密度、应变、应变率和聚氨酯含量等影响因素的泡沫金属本构模型：
建立了聚氨酯蜂窝纸板基于Sherwood-Frost本构关系的本构模型：
（5）获得不同抗爆结构的最优化组合型式。通过LS-DYNA有限元程序对SAFFC-聚氨酯泡沫铝复合结构进行抗爆吸能数值计算，对复合结构进行优化分析。结果表明：同等抗爆条件下，SAFFC（50cm）-聚氨酯泡沫铝（20cm）-SAFFC（50cm）的抗爆性能为最佳。对填充SAFFC、聚氨酯泡沫铝和聚氨酯蜂窝纸板的三种钢板防护门结构进行抗爆吸能计算，优化分析在不同条件下的复合结构抗爆性能。结果表明：聚氨酯蜂窝纸板的自重较轻，便于维护，但爆炸后防护门变形较大，因此适于防护等级不高的情况；防护等级较高时，聚氨酯泡沫铝首选，混凝土也可以考虑，但是考虑二次打击的情况下，混凝土填充物因破碎不能继续使用。
This article selects the frontier subject need to be addressed within the currentdefense engineering field-the ground defense engineering antiknock technologyresearch as a thesis topic selection and researches new defense materials and thecombination of hard and soft composite defense structure to improve the groundresistance defense engineering itself.
(1) Study of dynamic compressive strength of doped silicon powder and fly ashconcrete. The common C50concrete is mixed with silicon powder and fly ash toimprove the strength of concrete. Through the SHPB dynamic impact test, the doublemixing concrete was found that the dynamic compressive strength from120MPa to180MPa, the structural resistance is improved significantly.
(2) Research on mechanical properties and energy absorption performance ofpolyurethane foam aluminum composite material. Polyurethane foam aluminumcomposite material is used to be energy absorption layer. Based on the static anddynamic mechanical properties of polyurethane foam aluminium structure research,conclusions is drawn: polyurethane foam aluminum energy absorption efficiency canreach0.7, which is a kind of good energy absorption material.
(3) Research on polyurethane composite mechanical properties and energyabsorption properties of honeycomb paperboard. In the static compression phasehoneycomb paperboard filled with polyurethane materials has some instability phasedisappeared, thus improve the elastic limit level of the honeycomb cardboardcomposite. The study found that the energy absorption efficiency E and ideal energyabsorption efficiency I of Polyurethane honeycomb paperboard is above0.6, whichshows it is a good energy absorption material.
(4) Based on the research of kinds of materials and previous research results,three kinds of material dynamic constitutive model are established. The LS-DYNAfinite element program is used for antiknock energy absorption and optimizationanalysis of composite structure of SAFFC-polyurethane foam aluminum compositestructure and three kinds of steel doors filled with SAFFC, polyurethane foamaluminum and polyurethane honeycomb board.
引文
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