压力分散型抗浮锚杆特性及数值分析
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摘要
随着城市地下空间的开发,地下建筑物的抗浮问题越来越突出,采用抗浮锚杆是一种有效的技术手段。抗浮锚杆具有良好的地层适应性,易于施工,锚杆布置非常灵活,锚固效率高。由于其单向受力特点,抗拔力及预应力易于控制,有利于建筑结构的应力与变形协调,减少结构造价,在许多条件下优于压重和抗浮桩方案。
压力分散型锚杆是一种新型的锚固体系,是一种单孔复合锚杆,与普通拉力型、压力型抗浮锚杆相比,压力分散型抗浮锚杆的受力与传力机制更具合理性,粘结应力分布更均匀,防腐性能与耐久性能大为提高。
本文简单回顾压力分散型抗浮锚杆在国内外结构抗浮工程中的应用及其研究现状。介绍了压力型及压力分散型抗浮锚杆的受力与变形特性。分析了压力型与压力分散型抗浮锚杆应力分布规律、承载力影响因素与破坏模式,阐述两种不同类型抗浮锚杆受力机理。对比压力分散型锚杆与压力型锚杆的不同之处,分析压力分散型抗浮锚杆在工程应用方面的特点与优势所在。运用 ANSYS 软件建立了压力型、压力分散型抗浮锚杆的轴对称有限元分析模型,考虑土体自重应力场以及地下水的影响,并在锚杆体与土体接触面上建立面-面接触单元,从而实现锚杆与土体接触面的非线性分析。
应用本文建立的有限元模型,对压力型与压力分散型两种不同类型的抗浮锚杆进行了模拟分析,得到了它们受荷时轴力与粘结应力的分布规律。结合工程实例,验证了压力分散型抗浮锚杆与压力型抗浮锚杆不同的荷载传递机理。
通过对压力型、压力分散型抗浮锚杆的对比分析,验证了压力分散型抗浮锚杆工程应用的优势。对压力分散型抗浮锚杆计算分析的研究,可为压力分散型抗浮锚杆的研究工作提供一定的思路,并为压力分散型抗浮锚杆在工程的进一步应用提供一些有益的建议与参考。
With the exploiting and utilizing of urban underground space, the problem of anti-float ofunderground structures has become increasingly serious. An effective technical means is theanti-float anchor. The anti-float anchor is provided with the good adaptability of strata,convenience of construction, and its layout of anchors is flexible and efficient. And advantage ofstress and deformation coordination of the underground structure can reduce thestructure-construction cost. So it takes priority over weight structures and uplift piles.
Pressure-dispersive anti-float anchor was a new style of anchor system. It was thesingle-bore-multiple-anchorage. Compared with tensile anti-float anchor and pressure anti-floatanchor, pressure-dispersive anti-float is more reasonable in load transfer, more uniform incohesion stress dispersal, more of anti-corruption and more of reliability.
This paper simply reviews the various development status and the application modern stateof pressure-dispersive anti-float anchor around the world,and introduces the loading anddeformation behavior of pressure-dispersive anti-float anchor. Later, the paper analyzes thestress dispersal characteristic, factors affecting capacity, failure patterns of thepressure-dispersive anti-float anchor and explains the loading mechanism of the two styles ofanti-float anchors. Based on the differences of the two styles of anchors, the paper analyzes thebehavior and advantages in applications of engineering of the pressure-dispersive anti-floatanchor. The axisymmetric fem models of the two styles of anchors are created using the ANSYSfem software, considerating the effects of self-weight and underground water. The nonlinearanalysis of behavior in anchor-soil interface is conducted through the surface-to-surface elementsset in the interface.
The behavior of the two types of anchors is simulated using the fem model. And distributionof axes stress and the shearing is obtained by the analysis. According to the results ofengineering instance, the mechanism of load transfer of the two types of anchors is verified.
The advantages of application in engineering are testified by comparing dispersive anchorswith the other. The study of calculation and analysis to the pressure-dispersive anchors presents a
certain mode of consideration to the research of the pressure-dispersive anchors, and provides auseful suggestion and reference for the further application of the pressure-dispersive anchors.
压力分散型锚杆是一种新型的锚固体系,是一种单孔复合锚杆,与普通拉力型、压力型抗浮锚杆相比,压力分散型抗浮锚杆的受力与传力机制更具合理性,粘结应力分布更均匀,防腐性能与耐久性能大为提高。
本文简单回顾压力分散型抗浮锚杆在国内外结构抗浮工程中的应用及其研究现状。介绍了压力型及压力分散型抗浮锚杆的受力与变形特性。分析了压力型与压力分散型抗浮锚杆应力分布规律、承载力影响因素与破坏模式,阐述两种不同类型抗浮锚杆受力机理。对比压力分散型锚杆与压力型锚杆的不同之处,分析压力分散型抗浮锚杆在工程应用方面的特点与优势所在。运用 ANSYS 软件建立了压力型、压力分散型抗浮锚杆的轴对称有限元分析模型,考虑土体自重应力场以及地下水的影响,并在锚杆体与土体接触面上建立面-面接触单元,从而实现锚杆与土体接触面的非线性分析。
应用本文建立的有限元模型,对压力型与压力分散型两种不同类型的抗浮锚杆进行了模拟分析,得到了它们受荷时轴力与粘结应力的分布规律。结合工程实例,验证了压力分散型抗浮锚杆与压力型抗浮锚杆不同的荷载传递机理。
通过对压力型、压力分散型抗浮锚杆的对比分析,验证了压力分散型抗浮锚杆工程应用的优势。对压力分散型抗浮锚杆计算分析的研究,可为压力分散型抗浮锚杆的研究工作提供一定的思路,并为压力分散型抗浮锚杆在工程的进一步应用提供一些有益的建议与参考。
With the exploiting and utilizing of urban underground space, the problem of anti-float ofunderground structures has become increasingly serious. An effective technical means is theanti-float anchor. The anti-float anchor is provided with the good adaptability of strata,convenience of construction, and its layout of anchors is flexible and efficient. And advantage ofstress and deformation coordination of the underground structure can reduce thestructure-construction cost. So it takes priority over weight structures and uplift piles.
Pressure-dispersive anti-float anchor was a new style of anchor system. It was thesingle-bore-multiple-anchorage. Compared with tensile anti-float anchor and pressure anti-floatanchor, pressure-dispersive anti-float is more reasonable in load transfer, more uniform incohesion stress dispersal, more of anti-corruption and more of reliability.
This paper simply reviews the various development status and the application modern stateof pressure-dispersive anti-float anchor around the world,and introduces the loading anddeformation behavior of pressure-dispersive anti-float anchor. Later, the paper analyzes thestress dispersal characteristic, factors affecting capacity, failure patterns of thepressure-dispersive anti-float anchor and explains the loading mechanism of the two styles ofanti-float anchors. Based on the differences of the two styles of anchors, the paper analyzes thebehavior and advantages in applications of engineering of the pressure-dispersive anti-floatanchor. The axisymmetric fem models of the two styles of anchors are created using the ANSYSfem software, considerating the effects of self-weight and underground water. The nonlinearanalysis of behavior in anchor-soil interface is conducted through the surface-to-surface elementsset in the interface.
The behavior of the two types of anchors is simulated using the fem model. And distributionof axes stress and the shearing is obtained by the analysis. According to the results ofengineering instance, the mechanism of load transfer of the two types of anchors is verified.
The advantages of application in engineering are testified by comparing dispersive anchorswith the other. The study of calculation and analysis to the pressure-dispersive anchors presents a
certain mode of consideration to the research of the pressure-dispersive anchors, and provides auseful suggestion and reference for the further application of the pressure-dispersive anchors.
引文
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[3] 柳建国,吴平,尹华刚等. 压力分散型抗浮锚杆技术及其工程应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21):3948-3953
[4] 耿冬青,程学军,宋福渊等.压力分散型锚杆在某基础抗浮工程中的应用.建筑结构学报,2005,2:119-124
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[6] 燕立群等,压力分散型锚索与拉力型锚索的比较—再论新型锚索结构系列及工程应用,中国岩土锚固工程协会第十一次全国岩土锚固学术研讨会论文集,2002.
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[11] 王世明.地下结构抗浮设计及其新发展.地下工程与隧道,1994,1:9-15
[12] 彭涛,武威.复杂地质条件下预应力抗浮锚杆的应用.工程勘察,2000,2:30-33
[13] 崔京浩,崔岩.锚固抗浮设计的几个关键问题.特种结构,2000,17(1):9-14
[14] Foxton, Peter. Vertically loaded anchors for deep water.Journal of Offshore Technology, 1977, 5(3):40-43.
[15] Singh,Baleshwar. Pullout behavior superpile anchors in soft clay under static loading [J].Marine Georesources and Geotechnolgy, 1996,14(3):17-36
[16] 刘乃斌:预应力锚杆抗浮工程技术.施工技术,2004,4:38-39
[17] 程良奎. 岩土锚固的现状与发展.土木工程学报,2001,34(3):7-12
[18] Evangelism A, Sapio G Behavior of ground anchor in stiff clays [A].Proceedings of the 9 International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C],Tokyo: 111e Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1997
[19] Phillips S H E. Factors affecting the design of anchorages in rock [R].London: Cementation Research Ltd, 1970.
[20] Fujita K, et al. A method to predict the load: displacement relationship of ground anchors [A].Proceedings of the 9 International Conferences on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C],Tokyo: The Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1997.58-62.
[21] 张在明.地下水与建筑基础工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2001,8
[22] 张在明,孙保卫,徐宏声.地下水赋存状态与渗流特征对基础抗浮的影响.土木工程学报,2001,34(1):73-78
[23] Shih-Tsung Hsu. A constitutive model for the uplift behavior of anchors in cohesionless soils. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2005,28(2):305-317
[24] 廖洪均.沉积地层地锚施工.岩土锚固工程技术.中国岩土锚固工程协会编,岩土锚固新技术.北京:人民交通出版社,1996,147-158
[25] H.J.Liao, C.D. 0u, S.C.Shu. Anchorage behavior of shaft anchors in alluvial soil. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. July 1996
[26] 孙波.压力型锚索受力分析.岩土锚固技术与工程应用。北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[27] 中国工程建设标准化协会.土层锚杆设计与施工规范(CECS22∶90).北京:1991
[28] 中华人民共和国行业标准.建筑基坑支护技术规程(JGJ 20-99).北京:1999
[29] 中华人民共和国国家标准.锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范(GB 50086-2001).北京:2001
[30] 中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑边坡工程技术规范(GB 50330-2002).北京:2002
[31] 尤春安.压力型锚索锚固段的受力分析.岩土工程学报,2004,26(6):828-831
[32] 王建宇,牟瑞芳.按共同变形原理计算地锚工程中粘结型锚头内力.岩土锚固新技术,人民交通出版社,1998:52-63
[33] 郑全明安.拉力型土锚最优长度及最大极限承载力的确定安.西部探矿工程,2002,2:27-28
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