甘肃鼢鼠骨骼无机元素分析及钙磷代谢研究
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摘要
骨是体内无机元素贮存库，骨与其他器官、组织间矿质交换是机体矿质代谢的基本途径，骨骼Ca、P代谢是机体矿质代谢的重要组成，对维持机体矿质平衡起重要作用。地面生活动物接受阳光照射，通过维生素D_3介导的主动运输摄取食物Ca、P，重吸收肾小球滤过液Ca、P，动员骨Ca入血及促进骨Ca沉积。甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)终生营地下黑暗生活，属严格植食性动物，缺乏合成、获取维生素D_3的条件，其骨骼矿质元素含量及Ca、P代谢是否与地面生活动物存在差异?为此，我们利用火焰原子吸收、石墨炉原子吸收、可见光分光光度吸收、离子选择电极法等方法，测定其骨骼常量、微量元素含量，并分析与其他啮齿类动物间差异；结合无机分析及生物化学方法，比较口服补钙对甘肃鼢鼠与白鼠骨骼Ca、P代谢的影响，并初步探讨甘肃鼢鼠Ca、P吸收机制。
研究结果如下：
1．用原子吸收分光光度计、可见光分光光度计测定甘肃鼢鼠骨骼中Ca、K、Na、Mg、P 5种常量无机元素。结果表明，甘肃鼢鼠骨骼中5种元素含量依次为Ca＞P＞K＞Na＞Mg，Ca、P含量维持较高水平；除前、后肢骨间Ca含量，前肢骨、脊柱间K、Na含量外，同一元素在不同部位骨骼的含量存在显著差异(p＜0.05)，5种元素总量在不同部位骨骼的分布顺序为：后肢骨＞前肢骨＞脊柱；甘肃鼢鼠骨骼Ca、P比值为2.218～2.254，推断二者主要以羟基磷灰石[Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2]式存在。
2．用原子吸收分光光度计、离子选择电极、可见光分光光度计测定甘肃鼢鼠骨骼Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、Co、Mo、Cd、As、Pb、F、Al等13种微量元素。结果表明，甘肃鼢鼠全骨13种元素含量依次为Al＞Fe＞Zn＞F＞Mn＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Cr＞Co＞Ni＞Mo＞Cd；同一元素在不同部位骨骼分布不均，头骨最为丰富，除Zn、Mn外，同一元素在不同部位骨骼的含量存在显著性差异；13种微量元素之间的相关性，Zn-Pb，Mn-Cd，As-Pb 3组显著负相关(0.01＜p＜0.05)，Cu-Ni，Cu-Al，Cu-Fe，Co-Mo，Co-Cd，Co-Pb，Co-As，Cd-Pb，Cd-Mo，Cd-As，Fe-Zn等11组显著正相关(0.01＜p＜0.05)，其中Cu-Ni，Cu-Al，Co-Mo，Co-Cd，Co-Pb，Cd-Pb等6组极显著正相关(p＜0.01)。
3．对甘肃鼢鼠、SD大鼠体内Ca、P代谢进行初步研究，测定未补钙和补钙组甘肃鼢鼠、SD大鼠的体重、摄食总量、Ca、P摄入总量、股骨物理学形态指标、股骨Ca、P含量、血浆Ca、P浓度等，并进行差异显著性检验，分别对四组动物股骨Ca、P含量与Ca、P摄入总量、血浆Ca、P浓度进行相关及回归分析。结果显示，甘肃鼢鼠补钙后体重增长明显，两组甘肃鼢鼠体重增长率，食物利用率均明显高于SD大鼠(p＜0.05)；补钙后甘肃鼢鼠股骨Ca、P含量明显增加(p＜0.05)，血浆Ca、P浓度无明显变化(p＞0.05)，补钙后SD大鼠股骨Ca、P含量，血浆P浓度无明显变化，血浆Ca浓度明显升高(p＜0.05)；甘肃鼢鼠股骨Ca、P含量与Ca、P摄入总量呈显著正相关(未补钙组0.01＜p＜0.05，补钙组p＜0.01)，股骨Ca、P含量随摄入量增多而增多，呈不饱和趋势，股骨Ca、P含量与血浆Ca、P浓度呈不显著负相关(p＞0.05)；SD大鼠股骨Ca、P含量与Ca、P摄入总量及血浆Ca、P浓度无显著相关。说明甘肃鼢鼠骨骼对Ca、P有较高的储留能力，推测其通过被动吸收途径吸收Ca、P。
总之，甘肃鼢鼠骨骼常量、微量无机元素含量与其他啮齿动物相比正常，Ca、P含量维持较高水平，各部分骨骼元素含量有差异，骨骼Ca、P主要以羟基磷灰石[Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2]形式存在。甘肃鼢鼠骨骼从食物中摄取Ca、P的能力强，其Ca、P含量与Ca、P摄入量显著正相关，且呈不饱和趋势，推测其通过被动吸收途径吸收Ca、P。
Skeleton has a great amounts of inorganic elements. As the mineral"sink", the mineral flux between skeleton and other organ、tissue, as the plasma, the gutand the kidney, is the essential way of mineral metabolism. Skeleton mineralmetabolism mainly means the metabolism of Ca and P. Most surface-dwelling animalsreceive sunshine radiation, and mediate absorption and reabsorption of mineralrespectively in intestine and kidney, release and depositon of Ca in skeleton via VitaminD_3-dependent active absoption. Gansu zokor (Myospalax cansus), which is a kind ofherbivorous animal, leads a strictly chthonic existence, perpetually dark and devoid ofultraviolet radiation. They appear to be naturally deficient in vitamin D_3, for the fact thatthey cannot synthesize vitamin D_3 endogenously or attain it from the food. Thus,whether there are differences on contents of inorganic elements in skeletons and Ca/Pmetabolism between Gansu zokor and other surface-dwelling animals. So, weinvestigated inorganic elements in skeletons of Gansu zokor via FAAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry), GFASS (Graphite Furnace Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry), SP (Spectrophotometry), ISE (Ion Slective Electrode), and comparedresults with data in papers. Then, we compared skeleton Ca/P metabolism betweenGansu zokor and SD rats, both of which accepted oral Ca supplementation, anddiscussed probable mechanism in Ca、P absorption of Gansu zokor.
The results are as follow:
1. The contents and distributions of the inorganic macroelements—Ca, K, Na, Mg,and P in skeletons of Gansu zokor (Myospalax cansus) were determined by AAS(Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) and SP (Spectrophotometry). The results are asfollows: The contents of these five elements in Gansu zokor, s skeletons are in theturn of Ca＞P＞K＞Na＞Mg. This is mainly due to the food habit. In different parts ofskeletons, contents of these five elements have differences, some of which aresignificant by F-test (p＜0.05). The total amount of these elements is also different indifferent parts: skeletons of forelimb＞skeletons of backlimb＞backbone, and this mayrelate to what importance these skeletons play in when moving. Gansu zokor has anormal content of Ca in skeletons, however, as a kind of solitary subterranean rodent, it has no precondition to synthesize Vitamin D_3—the most important factor to help toabsorb Ca. According to the ratio of Ca to P, these two elements may exist as a form ofCa_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2. in skeletons of Gansu zokor.
2. The contents and distributions of the inorganic microelements—Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、Co、Mo、Cd、As、Pb、Al and F in skeletons of Gansu zokor (Myospalaxcansus) were determined by FAAS (Fire Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), GFASS(Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), ISE (Ion Slective Electrode) andSP (Spectrophotometry). The results are as follow: The contents of these thirteenelements in Gansu zokor's skeletons are in the turn of Al＞Fe＞Zn＞F＞Mn＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Cr＞Co＞Ni＞Mo＞Cd. In different parts of skeletons, contnets of mostelements, have significant differences by F-test (P＜0.05), while the others, includingZn and Mn, are not significant (P≥0.05). The contents of inorganic microelements inthe skull are the most. By correlation analysis, there's a significant positive correlationbetween Cu and Fe, Fe and Zn, Co and As, Mo and Cd, As and Cd (0.01＜P＜0.05); asignificant negative correlation between Zn and Pb, Mo and Cd, As and Pb (0.01＜P＜0.05);and a extremely significant positive correlation between Cu and Al, Cu and Ni, Co and Mo,Co and Cd, Co and Pb, Cd and Pb (P＜0.01).
3. Gansu zokor and SD rats do or not accept oral Ca supplementation wereinvesgated. Data, including body weight, weight of food intake, contents of Ca and P infemur, concentrations of Ca and P in plasma of four groups, were determined andcompared. Coorrelation and regression analysis between/among contents of Ca/P infemur and amounts of Ca/P ingested, concentrations of Ca/P in plasma. The resultssuggested that Ca supplementation led a marked increase in body weight and foodintake on Gansu zokor. The linear relationship between ingested and femur Ca/P wassignificantly correlated (P＜0.01) of Gansu zokor, while there is not any significance intwo SD rats groups (P＞0.05), implying that this process is nonsaturable. It appears,therefore, this underground inhabitant relies upon highly efficient, passive mineraluptake. This is adequate to meet their mineral requirements and maintain mineralhomeostasis in the absence of vitamin D_3.
研究结果如下：
1．用原子吸收分光光度计、可见光分光光度计测定甘肃鼢鼠骨骼中Ca、K、Na、Mg、P 5种常量无机元素。结果表明，甘肃鼢鼠骨骼中5种元素含量依次为Ca＞P＞K＞Na＞Mg，Ca、P含量维持较高水平；除前、后肢骨间Ca含量，前肢骨、脊柱间K、Na含量外，同一元素在不同部位骨骼的含量存在显著差异(p＜0.05)，5种元素总量在不同部位骨骼的分布顺序为：后肢骨＞前肢骨＞脊柱；甘肃鼢鼠骨骼Ca、P比值为2.218～2.254，推断二者主要以羟基磷灰石[Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2]式存在。
2．用原子吸收分光光度计、离子选择电极、可见光分光光度计测定甘肃鼢鼠骨骼Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、Co、Mo、Cd、As、Pb、F、Al等13种微量元素。结果表明，甘肃鼢鼠全骨13种元素含量依次为Al＞Fe＞Zn＞F＞Mn＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Cr＞Co＞Ni＞Mo＞Cd；同一元素在不同部位骨骼分布不均，头骨最为丰富，除Zn、Mn外，同一元素在不同部位骨骼的含量存在显著性差异；13种微量元素之间的相关性，Zn-Pb，Mn-Cd，As-Pb 3组显著负相关(0.01＜p＜0.05)，Cu-Ni，Cu-Al，Cu-Fe，Co-Mo，Co-Cd，Co-Pb，Co-As，Cd-Pb，Cd-Mo，Cd-As，Fe-Zn等11组显著正相关(0.01＜p＜0.05)，其中Cu-Ni，Cu-Al，Co-Mo，Co-Cd，Co-Pb，Cd-Pb等6组极显著正相关(p＜0.01)。
3．对甘肃鼢鼠、SD大鼠体内Ca、P代谢进行初步研究，测定未补钙和补钙组甘肃鼢鼠、SD大鼠的体重、摄食总量、Ca、P摄入总量、股骨物理学形态指标、股骨Ca、P含量、血浆Ca、P浓度等，并进行差异显著性检验，分别对四组动物股骨Ca、P含量与Ca、P摄入总量、血浆Ca、P浓度进行相关及回归分析。结果显示，甘肃鼢鼠补钙后体重增长明显，两组甘肃鼢鼠体重增长率，食物利用率均明显高于SD大鼠(p＜0.05)；补钙后甘肃鼢鼠股骨Ca、P含量明显增加(p＜0.05)，血浆Ca、P浓度无明显变化(p＞0.05)，补钙后SD大鼠股骨Ca、P含量，血浆P浓度无明显变化，血浆Ca浓度明显升高(p＜0.05)；甘肃鼢鼠股骨Ca、P含量与Ca、P摄入总量呈显著正相关(未补钙组0.01＜p＜0.05，补钙组p＜0.01)，股骨Ca、P含量随摄入量增多而增多，呈不饱和趋势，股骨Ca、P含量与血浆Ca、P浓度呈不显著负相关(p＞0.05)；SD大鼠股骨Ca、P含量与Ca、P摄入总量及血浆Ca、P浓度无显著相关。说明甘肃鼢鼠骨骼对Ca、P有较高的储留能力，推测其通过被动吸收途径吸收Ca、P。
总之，甘肃鼢鼠骨骼常量、微量无机元素含量与其他啮齿动物相比正常，Ca、P含量维持较高水平，各部分骨骼元素含量有差异，骨骼Ca、P主要以羟基磷灰石[Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2]形式存在。甘肃鼢鼠骨骼从食物中摄取Ca、P的能力强，其Ca、P含量与Ca、P摄入量显著正相关，且呈不饱和趋势，推测其通过被动吸收途径吸收Ca、P。
Skeleton has a great amounts of inorganic elements. As the mineral"sink", the mineral flux between skeleton and other organ、tissue, as the plasma, the gutand the kidney, is the essential way of mineral metabolism. Skeleton mineralmetabolism mainly means the metabolism of Ca and P. Most surface-dwelling animalsreceive sunshine radiation, and mediate absorption and reabsorption of mineralrespectively in intestine and kidney, release and depositon of Ca in skeleton via VitaminD_3-dependent active absoption. Gansu zokor (Myospalax cansus), which is a kind ofherbivorous animal, leads a strictly chthonic existence, perpetually dark and devoid ofultraviolet radiation. They appear to be naturally deficient in vitamin D_3, for the fact thatthey cannot synthesize vitamin D_3 endogenously or attain it from the food. Thus,whether there are differences on contents of inorganic elements in skeletons and Ca/Pmetabolism between Gansu zokor and other surface-dwelling animals. So, weinvestigated inorganic elements in skeletons of Gansu zokor via FAAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry), GFASS (Graphite Furnace Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry), SP (Spectrophotometry), ISE (Ion Slective Electrode), and comparedresults with data in papers. Then, we compared skeleton Ca/P metabolism betweenGansu zokor and SD rats, both of which accepted oral Ca supplementation, anddiscussed probable mechanism in Ca、P absorption of Gansu zokor.
The results are as follow:
1. The contents and distributions of the inorganic macroelements—Ca, K, Na, Mg,and P in skeletons of Gansu zokor (Myospalax cansus) were determined by AAS(Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) and SP (Spectrophotometry). The results are asfollows: The contents of these five elements in Gansu zokor, s skeletons are in theturn of Ca＞P＞K＞Na＞Mg. This is mainly due to the food habit. In different parts ofskeletons, contents of these five elements have differences, some of which aresignificant by F-test (p＜0.05). The total amount of these elements is also different indifferent parts: skeletons of forelimb＞skeletons of backlimb＞backbone, and this mayrelate to what importance these skeletons play in when moving. Gansu zokor has anormal content of Ca in skeletons, however, as a kind of solitary subterranean rodent, it has no precondition to synthesize Vitamin D_3—the most important factor to help toabsorb Ca. According to the ratio of Ca to P, these two elements may exist as a form ofCa_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2. in skeletons of Gansu zokor.
2. The contents and distributions of the inorganic microelements—Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、Co、Mo、Cd、As、Pb、Al and F in skeletons of Gansu zokor (Myospalaxcansus) were determined by FAAS (Fire Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), GFASS(Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), ISE (Ion Slective Electrode) andSP (Spectrophotometry). The results are as follow: The contents of these thirteenelements in Gansu zokor's skeletons are in the turn of Al＞Fe＞Zn＞F＞Mn＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Cr＞Co＞Ni＞Mo＞Cd. In different parts of skeletons, contnets of mostelements, have significant differences by F-test (P＜0.05), while the others, includingZn and Mn, are not significant (P≥0.05). The contents of inorganic microelements inthe skull are the most. By correlation analysis, there's a significant positive correlationbetween Cu and Fe, Fe and Zn, Co and As, Mo and Cd, As and Cd (0.01＜P＜0.05); asignificant negative correlation between Zn and Pb, Mo and Cd, As and Pb (0.01＜P＜0.05);and a extremely significant positive correlation between Cu and Al, Cu and Ni, Co and Mo,Co and Cd, Co and Pb, Cd and Pb (P＜0.01).
3. Gansu zokor and SD rats do or not accept oral Ca supplementation wereinvesgated. Data, including body weight, weight of food intake, contents of Ca and P infemur, concentrations of Ca and P in plasma of four groups, were determined andcompared. Coorrelation and regression analysis between/among contents of Ca/P infemur and amounts of Ca/P ingested, concentrations of Ca/P in plasma. The resultssuggested that Ca supplementation led a marked increase in body weight and foodintake on Gansu zokor. The linear relationship between ingested and femur Ca/P wassignificantly correlated (P＜0.01) of Gansu zokor, while there is not any significance intwo SD rats groups (P＞0.05), implying that this process is nonsaturable. It appears,therefore, this underground inhabitant relies upon highly efficient, passive mineraluptake. This is adequate to meet their mineral requirements and maintain mineralhomeostasis in the absence of vitamin D_3.
引文
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