安塞油田杏河～张渠长6油层组沉积微相与古地理研究
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摘要
安塞油田杏河～张渠油区位于鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡带,长6油层组为其主力产油层。根据岩性、电性和含油性特征,进一步将长6油层组划分为长6_1、长6_2和长6_3三个亚组,并将长6_1又细分为6_1~1,6_1~2。在对6_1~1的研究中又将其细分为6_1~(1-1),6_1~(1-2),6_1~(1-3)。依据时间岩性标志分别应用地层旋回对比和高分辨率层序地层对比方法进行了地层对比,并对两种对比方法进行了比较。
根据岩石类型及其特征、沉积结构数掘和构造、古生物和测井相等相标志,采用相分析的方法,确定了研究区长6油层组主要为曲流河三角洲前缘亚相沉积,可分为发育水下分流河道、分流间湾、水下天然堤、河口坝、远砂坝及席状砂微相等6种沉积微相。其中以水下分流河道和分流间湾沉积为主,河口坝、远砂坝和前缘席状砂等在研究区很难保存,不甚发育。在区域沉积背景的基础上,结合地质特征和测井相分析,判别了沉积微相在平面上的分布格局,并对研究区长6时期的岩相古地理演化进行了研究。
研究表明,研究区长6油层组储层砂岩主要为长石砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩。储层物性总体上具有低孔、低渗的特点;孔隙主要类型为粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔,孔隙结构类型以细喉小孔和微细喉小孔为主。储层非均质性明显,物性总特征为平面上砂体中心部位物性良好,部分井点由于次生孔隙发育,孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度变好。储层控制因素综合分析认为,沉积微相和成岩作用是控制和影响研究区储层发育和展布的主要因素。
沉积特征控制储层的砂体成因类型,沉积微相的平面展布控制储集体的分布特征,储集相带的分布控制油气的富集。分析认为长6油藏油气分布主要受三角洲前缘水下分流河道的分布控制,水下分流河道发育区一般为油气的主要富集区;岩性遮挡对油气的分布也有一定的控制作用。
Xinghe - Zhangqu area of Ansai oilfield is located in Yishan slop of Ordos basin, whose main producing bed is Chang 6 oil-bearing formation. According to the characters of lithology, electricity and oiliness, Chang 6 oil-bearing formation is subdivided into Chang 6_1, Chang 6_2 and Chang 6_3, and Chang 6_1 is further subdivided into Chang 6_1~1 and Chang 6_1~2. Chang 6_1~1 could be subdivided into Chang 6_1~(1-1), Chang 6_1~(1-2). Chang 6_1~(1-3). Based on the temporal rock mark and application of the stratigraphic cycle and high-resolution sequence theory, the stratigraphic correlation is maken, and the two theoretical methods are taken to compare to each other either.
According to analysis of facies mark, such as rock type, sedimentary texture and structure, paleontology and logging facies, facies analysis indicated that Chang 6 oil-bearing beds is a front-delta sedimentary system, which could be subdivided into 6 microfacies: underwater distributary channel, underwater interdistributary bay, underwater natural levee, mouth bar, diatal bar and sheet sand, in which underwater distributary channel and underwater interdistributary bay are the main microfacies, and mouth bar, distal bar and sheet sand are hard to be preserved in the study area, so they hardly developed. On the basis of regional geological background, with geological character and logging facies analysis, the distribution of the microfacies in the plane is distinguished, and the lithofaies paleogeography of Chang 6 is studied either.
The lithology of the reservoir of Chang 6 oil-bearing formation are main arkose and lithic arkose sandstone, secondly feldspthic lithic sandstone and a little feldspthic lithic quartz sandstone. Reservoir physical property is characteristic by low porosity and low permeability. Intergranular pore and dissolved pores in grains are the main pore type. Fine throat-small pore and micro-fine throat-small pore are the main pore structure type. The heterogeneity of the reservoir is marked, and the physical property in the centre of the sandbody is much better. Because of the development of the secondary pore, parts of the wells are with fine porosity, permeability and oil saturation. By the control elements analysis of reservoir, it is showing that sedimentary microfacies and diagenesis are the main elements that controlled and influenced the development and distribution of the reservoir in the study area.
Sedimentary character controls the sandbody type, and the distribution of the sedimentary microfacies in the plane controls the distribution of the reservoir, and the distribution of the reservoir controls the distribution of the hydrocarbon. The distribution of Chang 6 oil bearing formation is controlled by underwater distributary channel of the delta front, where is the main enrichment area of the hydrocarbon. Lithology occlusion has certain influence for the distribution of the hydrocarbon.
根据岩石类型及其特征、沉积结构数掘和构造、古生物和测井相等相标志,采用相分析的方法,确定了研究区长6油层组主要为曲流河三角洲前缘亚相沉积,可分为发育水下分流河道、分流间湾、水下天然堤、河口坝、远砂坝及席状砂微相等6种沉积微相。其中以水下分流河道和分流间湾沉积为主,河口坝、远砂坝和前缘席状砂等在研究区很难保存,不甚发育。在区域沉积背景的基础上,结合地质特征和测井相分析,判别了沉积微相在平面上的分布格局,并对研究区长6时期的岩相古地理演化进行了研究。
研究表明,研究区长6油层组储层砂岩主要为长石砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩。储层物性总体上具有低孔、低渗的特点;孔隙主要类型为粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔,孔隙结构类型以细喉小孔和微细喉小孔为主。储层非均质性明显,物性总特征为平面上砂体中心部位物性良好,部分井点由于次生孔隙发育,孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度变好。储层控制因素综合分析认为,沉积微相和成岩作用是控制和影响研究区储层发育和展布的主要因素。
沉积特征控制储层的砂体成因类型,沉积微相的平面展布控制储集体的分布特征,储集相带的分布控制油气的富集。分析认为长6油藏油气分布主要受三角洲前缘水下分流河道的分布控制,水下分流河道发育区一般为油气的主要富集区;岩性遮挡对油气的分布也有一定的控制作用。
Xinghe - Zhangqu area of Ansai oilfield is located in Yishan slop of Ordos basin, whose main producing bed is Chang 6 oil-bearing formation. According to the characters of lithology, electricity and oiliness, Chang 6 oil-bearing formation is subdivided into Chang 6_1, Chang 6_2 and Chang 6_3, and Chang 6_1 is further subdivided into Chang 6_1~1 and Chang 6_1~2. Chang 6_1~1 could be subdivided into Chang 6_1~(1-1), Chang 6_1~(1-2). Chang 6_1~(1-3). Based on the temporal rock mark and application of the stratigraphic cycle and high-resolution sequence theory, the stratigraphic correlation is maken, and the two theoretical methods are taken to compare to each other either.
According to analysis of facies mark, such as rock type, sedimentary texture and structure, paleontology and logging facies, facies analysis indicated that Chang 6 oil-bearing beds is a front-delta sedimentary system, which could be subdivided into 6 microfacies: underwater distributary channel, underwater interdistributary bay, underwater natural levee, mouth bar, diatal bar and sheet sand, in which underwater distributary channel and underwater interdistributary bay are the main microfacies, and mouth bar, distal bar and sheet sand are hard to be preserved in the study area, so they hardly developed. On the basis of regional geological background, with geological character and logging facies analysis, the distribution of the microfacies in the plane is distinguished, and the lithofaies paleogeography of Chang 6 is studied either.
The lithology of the reservoir of Chang 6 oil-bearing formation are main arkose and lithic arkose sandstone, secondly feldspthic lithic sandstone and a little feldspthic lithic quartz sandstone. Reservoir physical property is characteristic by low porosity and low permeability. Intergranular pore and dissolved pores in grains are the main pore type. Fine throat-small pore and micro-fine throat-small pore are the main pore structure type. The heterogeneity of the reservoir is marked, and the physical property in the centre of the sandbody is much better. Because of the development of the secondary pore, parts of the wells are with fine porosity, permeability and oil saturation. By the control elements analysis of reservoir, it is showing that sedimentary microfacies and diagenesis are the main elements that controlled and influenced the development and distribution of the reservoir in the study area.
Sedimentary character controls the sandbody type, and the distribution of the sedimentary microfacies in the plane controls the distribution of the reservoir, and the distribution of the reservoir controls the distribution of the hydrocarbon. The distribution of Chang 6 oil bearing formation is controlled by underwater distributary channel of the delta front, where is the main enrichment area of the hydrocarbon. Lithology occlusion has certain influence for the distribution of the hydrocarbon.
引文
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3.薛叔浩等著,湖盆沉积地质与油气勘探[M],石油工业出版社 2002
4.杨俊杰著,鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M],北京:石油工业出版社,2002
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6.刘红歧,彭仕宓,夏宏泉,唐洪,测井曲线元数学特性及沉积微相定量识别[J],中国海上油气,2004,16(6):382-386
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8.刘波,赵翰卿、于会宇,储集层的两种精细对比方法讨论[J],石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):94:96
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