基于超级电容的动态电压恢复器
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摘要
随着计算机技术和大功率电力电子技术的发展,电力系统中的电能质量敏感型负荷和电能污染型设备的矛盾日益突出,尤以电压凹陷的影响最大。用户电力技术的发展为配电领域的各种问题提供了很好的解决方案。其中,动态电压恢复器(DVR)是一种新型的串联补偿装置,通过向系统注入补偿电压,可以有效补偿电压凹陷、凸起和电压中断等动态电能质量问题,提高系统的供电质量。
本文以基于超级电容储能的动态电压恢复器作为研究对象,通过理论分析、Matlab仿真和硬件试验,研究了电压凹陷检测方法、动态电压恢复器的补偿特性、宽范围电压变换方法以及储能型动态电压恢复器的参数设计和控制。
实时准确的检测出电压凹陷是对其进行动态补偿的基础。本文提出了一种具有工程实用价值的电压检测方法——求导变换法,通过理论分析和仿真验证了该算法的实时性和精确性。为了突出储能元件对动态电压恢复器补偿效果的重要性,论文针对DVR有无储能环节进行了详细的理论分析和仿真对比,得出DVR应当采用储能元件以保证良好的补偿效果的结论。由于采用了储能元件,本文对储能元件与电力系统的接口问题也进行了探讨,提出了一种宽范围电压变换系统的结构,并进行了软件仿真和硬件试验。最后,本文提出了基于超级电容的储能型动态电压恢复器的主电路结构,重点对主电路的参数设计和系统控制进行了深入的研究,并通过大量的数字仿真,验证了所提出的检测方法和控制策略的有效性。
With the developments of computer technology and power electronics, the conflicts between power-quality-sensitive loads and power quality contaminated instruments become more and more considerable, which make concentrated reflection on voltage sags. Custom power technology can provide good solutions for these problems in power distribution system. Among them, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a novel series-connected power electronics device. By injecting compensation voltage, it can compensates for all kinds of dynamic power quality issues such as sags, swells and interruption, thereby enhancing the quality of power supplied to sensitive loads.
The research object of this thesis is dynamic voltage restorer based on super capacitor. Through theoretic analysis, Matlab simulation and experiments, the voltage detection, compensation characteristics of DVR, wide-range electrical transformation and design of DVR are studied in this paper.
A fast and accurate voltage detection method is the base of dynamic compensation. This paper proposes a novel voltage detection method, which is derivation transformation method. Analysis and simulation verify its accuracy and fast speed. In order to emphasize the influence of energy storage units on DVR’s compensation, this paper makes a comparison between DVRs with and without energy storage unit, and concludes that DVR should have an energy storage unit to make sure good compensation effect. Since the energy storage unit is necessary, the issue on its interface with power system is discussed, and a novel wide range electrical transformation system is proposed. Software simulation and hardware tests are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed structure. Then, this paper presents the structure of DVR based on super capacitor energy storage, and system design and control of the DVR are studied in detail. Finally, a large number of digital simulations show that the proposed detection method and control strategy are effective.
本文以基于超级电容储能的动态电压恢复器作为研究对象,通过理论分析、Matlab仿真和硬件试验,研究了电压凹陷检测方法、动态电压恢复器的补偿特性、宽范围电压变换方法以及储能型动态电压恢复器的参数设计和控制。
实时准确的检测出电压凹陷是对其进行动态补偿的基础。本文提出了一种具有工程实用价值的电压检测方法——求导变换法,通过理论分析和仿真验证了该算法的实时性和精确性。为了突出储能元件对动态电压恢复器补偿效果的重要性,论文针对DVR有无储能环节进行了详细的理论分析和仿真对比,得出DVR应当采用储能元件以保证良好的补偿效果的结论。由于采用了储能元件,本文对储能元件与电力系统的接口问题也进行了探讨,提出了一种宽范围电压变换系统的结构,并进行了软件仿真和硬件试验。最后,本文提出了基于超级电容的储能型动态电压恢复器的主电路结构,重点对主电路的参数设计和系统控制进行了深入的研究,并通过大量的数字仿真,验证了所提出的检测方法和控制策略的有效性。
With the developments of computer technology and power electronics, the conflicts between power-quality-sensitive loads and power quality contaminated instruments become more and more considerable, which make concentrated reflection on voltage sags. Custom power technology can provide good solutions for these problems in power distribution system. Among them, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a novel series-connected power electronics device. By injecting compensation voltage, it can compensates for all kinds of dynamic power quality issues such as sags, swells and interruption, thereby enhancing the quality of power supplied to sensitive loads.
The research object of this thesis is dynamic voltage restorer based on super capacitor. Through theoretic analysis, Matlab simulation and experiments, the voltage detection, compensation characteristics of DVR, wide-range electrical transformation and design of DVR are studied in this paper.
A fast and accurate voltage detection method is the base of dynamic compensation. This paper proposes a novel voltage detection method, which is derivation transformation method. Analysis and simulation verify its accuracy and fast speed. In order to emphasize the influence of energy storage units on DVR’s compensation, this paper makes a comparison between DVRs with and without energy storage unit, and concludes that DVR should have an energy storage unit to make sure good compensation effect. Since the energy storage unit is necessary, the issue on its interface with power system is discussed, and a novel wide range electrical transformation system is proposed. Software simulation and hardware tests are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed structure. Then, this paper presents the structure of DVR based on super capacitor energy storage, and system design and control of the DVR are studied in detail. Finally, a large number of digital simulations show that the proposed detection method and control strategy are effective.
引文
[1]袁川.电压凹陷特征量实时检测和动态电压恢复器补偿方法的研究[D].四川大学,2005,4.
[2]赫晓弘,杜先君,陈伟.动态电压恢复器(DVR)研究现状与发展综述[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(5):1259-1264.
[3] Toni Wunderlin, Peter Dahler, and David Amhof et al. Power Supply Quality Improvement with a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) [C].In Energy Management and Power Delivery, proceeding of EMPD'98, International Conference, 1998, vol.2,pp 518-525.
[4] Samra N A,Sundaram A.The role of the distribution system dynamic voltage restorer in enhancing the power at sensitive facilities[C].In Wescon Conference record, 1996, pp.167~181.
[5]郭风,赵彩宏,肖立业.基于超导储能的动态电压补偿的研究[J].电气应用,2005,24(9):84-86.
[6]尹婷,陈轩恕,刘飞,等.基于混合储能系统的动态电压恢复器[J].高电压技术,2009,35(1):181-185.
[7]朱俊星,姜新建,黄立培.基于飞轮储能的动态电压恢复器补偿策略的研究[J].电工电能新技术,2009,28(1):46-49.
[8] Michael D. Stump, P.E., and Gerald J. Keane et al. The role of custom power products in enhangcing power quality at industral facilities[C]. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 1993, 8(3): 250-255.
[9]孙树勤.电压波动与闪变[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[10] J. G. Nielsen , F. Blaabjerg. A detailed comparison of system topologies for dynamic voltage restorers[J]. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.2005,41(5), pp.1272–1280.
[11]张军军.基于DSP的三相DVR的研制[D].合肥工业大学,2007,5.
[12]胡海松,张保会,张篙,等.微网中的储能设备及飞轮储能特性的研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,26(4),21-24.
[13]邓隐北.风力发电中的储能与超级电容器[J].上海电力,2007,6,609-612.
[14]张春凤.动态电压恢复器的理论研究及其仿真[D].合肥工业大学,2007,12.
[15]尹忠东,李奇睿,韩民晓.考虑阻尼电阻影响的动态电压调节器线路侧滤波器的设计[J].电网技术,2004,28(20),64-66.
[16]杨晓萍,许辉,吴成林.动态电压恢复器电压补偿策略及其仿真研究[J].电工技术杂志,2004,9,58-61.
[17] S. S. Choi, B. H. Li, and D. M. Vilathgamuwa. Dynamic Voltage Restoration with Minimum Energy Injection[C]. IEEE Trans. Power Sys., 2000, 15(1): 51-57.
[18]冯小明.动态电压恢复器的理论及仿真研究[D].中国农业大学,2005,6.
[19] Bhim Singh, P. Jayaprakash, D. P Kothari, et al. Indirect control of capacitor supported DVR for power quality improvement in distribution system[C].In Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, Power and Energy Society General Meeting , July 2008, pp.1– 7.
[20]冯小明,杨仁刚.动态电压恢复器电压补偿策略的研究[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(6),68-72.
[21]肖湘宁,徐永海,刘昊.电压凹陷特征量检测算法研究[J].电力自动化设备,2002,22(1):19-22.
[22] Muhamad Mansor,Nasrudin Abdul Rahim.Voltage Sag Detection– A Survey[C].In 2009 International Conference for, 2009,Page(s):1-6.
[23]袁锋,杨洪耕,林呈辉.基于卡尔曼滤波器校正的改进dq变换的电压凹陷检测方法[J].现代电力,2008,25(1):35-39.
[24]袁锋,杨洪耕,林呈辉.带补偿分量的时变卡尔曼滤波的电压凹陷检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报, 2008,28(31): 81-87.
[25] Hui Zhou, jing Zhou, and Zhi-ping Qi.Fast Voltage Detection for a Single-phase Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) Using Morphological Low-pass Filters[C].In DRPT 2008 Nanjing China,pp.2042-2046.
[26]赫晓弘,杜先君,陈伟.动态电压恢复器电压检测方法[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(8):2222-2225.
[27] Chris Fitzer,Mike Barnes,and Peter Green.Voltage Sag Detection Technique for a Dynamic Voltage Restorer System[J].IEEE Trans on industry applications,2004,40(1),pp. 203-212.
[28] Kai Ding,K.W.E.Cheng,and X.D.Xue et al.A Novel Detection Method for VoltageSags[C].In 2006 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications, 2006, pp. 250-255.
[29] Raj Naidoo, Pragasen Pillay . A New Method of Voltage Sag and Swell Detection[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2007,22(2),pp.1056-1063.
[30] C. Parsons,W. M. Grady,and E. J. Powers.A wavelet-based procedure for automatically determining the beginning and end of transmission system voltage sags[C].In Proc. IEEE-PES Winter Meeting , 1999,vol. 2 , pp. 1310–1315.
[31]王利民,钱照明,彭方正.Z源升压变换器[J].电气传动,2006,36(1),28-32.
[32] F. Z. Peng.Z-source inverter[C]. IEEE Trans. Industry Applications , 2003, 39(2),pp. 504-510.
[33]彭方正,房绪鹏,顾斌,等.Z源变换器[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(2),47-51.
[34] Miaosen Shen, Hodek, Peng, F.Z..Control of the Z-Source Inverter for FCHEV with the Battery Connected to the Motor Neutral Point[C].Power Electronics Specialists Conference , Orlando , FL , 2007 , pp. 1485– 1490.
[35]鲁鸿毅,何奔腾.超级电容器在微型电网中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(2),87-91.
[36]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[37] Ye Y, Kazerani M, Quintana V H.A novel modeling and control method for three-phase PWM converters[C] . Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Vancouver, BC , 2001,1,102-107.
[38]王云玲,曾杰,张步涵,等.基于超级电容器储能系统的动态电压调节器[J].电网技术,2007,31(8),58-62.
[39]史伟伟,蒋全,胡敏强,等.低通滤波器在串联型电力有源滤波器中的应用[J].电网技术,2002,26(5),44-48.
[40]朱鹏程.用于UPFC的串、并联双变流器控制策略研究[D].华中科技大学,2005,9.
[41]张强.动态电压恢复器检测系统和充电装置技术的研究[D].中国科学院电工研究所,2006,6.
[42]刘海波,毛承雄,陆继明,等.电力电子变压器储能系统及其最优控制[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(3),54-60.
[2]赫晓弘,杜先君,陈伟.动态电压恢复器(DVR)研究现状与发展综述[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(5):1259-1264.
[3] Toni Wunderlin, Peter Dahler, and David Amhof et al. Power Supply Quality Improvement with a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) [C].In Energy Management and Power Delivery, proceeding of EMPD'98, International Conference, 1998, vol.2,pp 518-525.
[4] Samra N A,Sundaram A.The role of the distribution system dynamic voltage restorer in enhancing the power at sensitive facilities[C].In Wescon Conference record, 1996, pp.167~181.
[5]郭风,赵彩宏,肖立业.基于超导储能的动态电压补偿的研究[J].电气应用,2005,24(9):84-86.
[6]尹婷,陈轩恕,刘飞,等.基于混合储能系统的动态电压恢复器[J].高电压技术,2009,35(1):181-185.
[7]朱俊星,姜新建,黄立培.基于飞轮储能的动态电压恢复器补偿策略的研究[J].电工电能新技术,2009,28(1):46-49.
[8] Michael D. Stump, P.E., and Gerald J. Keane et al. The role of custom power products in enhangcing power quality at industral facilities[C]. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 1993, 8(3): 250-255.
[9]孙树勤.电压波动与闪变[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[10] J. G. Nielsen , F. Blaabjerg. A detailed comparison of system topologies for dynamic voltage restorers[J]. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.2005,41(5), pp.1272–1280.
[11]张军军.基于DSP的三相DVR的研制[D].合肥工业大学,2007,5.
[12]胡海松,张保会,张篙,等.微网中的储能设备及飞轮储能特性的研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,26(4),21-24.
[13]邓隐北.风力发电中的储能与超级电容器[J].上海电力,2007,6,609-612.
[14]张春凤.动态电压恢复器的理论研究及其仿真[D].合肥工业大学,2007,12.
[15]尹忠东,李奇睿,韩民晓.考虑阻尼电阻影响的动态电压调节器线路侧滤波器的设计[J].电网技术,2004,28(20),64-66.
[16]杨晓萍,许辉,吴成林.动态电压恢复器电压补偿策略及其仿真研究[J].电工技术杂志,2004,9,58-61.
[17] S. S. Choi, B. H. Li, and D. M. Vilathgamuwa. Dynamic Voltage Restoration with Minimum Energy Injection[C]. IEEE Trans. Power Sys., 2000, 15(1): 51-57.
[18]冯小明.动态电压恢复器的理论及仿真研究[D].中国农业大学,2005,6.
[19] Bhim Singh, P. Jayaprakash, D. P Kothari, et al. Indirect control of capacitor supported DVR for power quality improvement in distribution system[C].In Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, Power and Energy Society General Meeting , July 2008, pp.1– 7.
[20]冯小明,杨仁刚.动态电压恢复器电压补偿策略的研究[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(6),68-72.
[21]肖湘宁,徐永海,刘昊.电压凹陷特征量检测算法研究[J].电力自动化设备,2002,22(1):19-22.
[22] Muhamad Mansor,Nasrudin Abdul Rahim.Voltage Sag Detection– A Survey[C].In 2009 International Conference for, 2009,Page(s):1-6.
[23]袁锋,杨洪耕,林呈辉.基于卡尔曼滤波器校正的改进dq变换的电压凹陷检测方法[J].现代电力,2008,25(1):35-39.
[24]袁锋,杨洪耕,林呈辉.带补偿分量的时变卡尔曼滤波的电压凹陷检测方法[J].中国电机工程学报, 2008,28(31): 81-87.
[25] Hui Zhou, jing Zhou, and Zhi-ping Qi.Fast Voltage Detection for a Single-phase Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) Using Morphological Low-pass Filters[C].In DRPT 2008 Nanjing China,pp.2042-2046.
[26]赫晓弘,杜先君,陈伟.动态电压恢复器电压检测方法[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(8):2222-2225.
[27] Chris Fitzer,Mike Barnes,and Peter Green.Voltage Sag Detection Technique for a Dynamic Voltage Restorer System[J].IEEE Trans on industry applications,2004,40(1),pp. 203-212.
[28] Kai Ding,K.W.E.Cheng,and X.D.Xue et al.A Novel Detection Method for VoltageSags[C].In 2006 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications, 2006, pp. 250-255.
[29] Raj Naidoo, Pragasen Pillay . A New Method of Voltage Sag and Swell Detection[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2007,22(2),pp.1056-1063.
[30] C. Parsons,W. M. Grady,and E. J. Powers.A wavelet-based procedure for automatically determining the beginning and end of transmission system voltage sags[C].In Proc. IEEE-PES Winter Meeting , 1999,vol. 2 , pp. 1310–1315.
[31]王利民,钱照明,彭方正.Z源升压变换器[J].电气传动,2006,36(1),28-32.
[32] F. Z. Peng.Z-source inverter[C]. IEEE Trans. Industry Applications , 2003, 39(2),pp. 504-510.
[33]彭方正,房绪鹏,顾斌,等.Z源变换器[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(2),47-51.
[34] Miaosen Shen, Hodek, Peng, F.Z..Control of the Z-Source Inverter for FCHEV with the Battery Connected to the Motor Neutral Point[C].Power Electronics Specialists Conference , Orlando , FL , 2007 , pp. 1485– 1490.
[35]鲁鸿毅,何奔腾.超级电容器在微型电网中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(2),87-91.
[36]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[37] Ye Y, Kazerani M, Quintana V H.A novel modeling and control method for three-phase PWM converters[C] . Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Vancouver, BC , 2001,1,102-107.
[38]王云玲,曾杰,张步涵,等.基于超级电容器储能系统的动态电压调节器[J].电网技术,2007,31(8),58-62.
[39]史伟伟,蒋全,胡敏强,等.低通滤波器在串联型电力有源滤波器中的应用[J].电网技术,2002,26(5),44-48.
[40]朱鹏程.用于UPFC的串、并联双变流器控制策略研究[D].华中科技大学,2005,9.
[41]张强.动态电压恢复器检测系统和充电装置技术的研究[D].中国科学院电工研究所,2006,6.
[42]刘海波,毛承雄,陆继明,等.电力电子变压器储能系统及其最优控制[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(3),54-60.