Web上基于虚拟现实的扫描探针显微镜仿真培训系统
摘要
扫描探针显微镜(Scanning Probe Microscope，SPM)是国际上近年发展起来的表面分析仪器，它们的分辨率可达到纳米级甚至是原子级。由于该设备过于精密、操作复杂、价格昂贵，使SPM技术难于推广，同时也增加了人员培训的难度，以及误操作带来的仪器损伤。本课题针对这些实际困难，为中国科学院化学研究所纳米科技中心研制的扫描探针显微镜开发培训系统。
本文首先阐述了虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)技术，以及网络虚拟现实技术应用现状和发展趋势，然后根据客户需求及他们拥有的计算机环境，对比多种相关技术，提出了采用三层浏览器／服务器(Browser／Server简称B／S)体系结构，架构远程基于虚拟现实技术的扫描探针显微镜仿真培训系统。该系统将SPM技术与网络虚拟现实技术相结合，分析国内外远程仿真培训系统特点，以及现有的SPM培训系统，在国内首次提出B／S体系的客户端用Java3D进行开发，提供与远程用户交互的界面和接口、三维虚拟场景的构造和显示、场景的交互操作和漫游等，很好地解决了远程培训所必须具备的网络带宽和良好的互操作性问题，Java3D这一新技术的应用使本系统呈现出崭新的面貌。另外，在系统开发过程中，针对Java3D三维造型功能类中仅包含标准几何形体的问题，这里用四边形面片逼近曲面的方法解决了回转体和变截面曲柄的三维建模，以及这种建模方式下的渲染和真实感处理问题。
随着虚拟现实技术和网络通讯技术的发展，Web上基于VR的仿真培训是一个适应新的历史发展趋势的研究领域，本系统的实现对我国其它相关领域的远程仿真培训系统开发提供了新的开发思想和策略。本研究进一步还可以为远程教学、仿真实验室、虚拟实验室等模型起到指导作用。
SPM (scanning probe microscope) is an international surface analytic instrument rising up in recent years, and the distinguishability can reach nanometer level even atom level But this instrument is so exact and expensive, and it is very difficult for most beginners. So, it is harder to generalize the technology of SPM and to train the personnel, and it increases the probability of the damnification by mis-handle. To resolve these problems, the subject empolders the simulation training system of scanning probe microscope for Nano Science and Technology Center of ICCAS.
First of all, the paper expounds VR technology, VR technical application actuality and the trend of development on network, then based on each client demands and contrasting manifold relation techniques, adopts three-ply Browser/Server architecture, and constructs long-distance simulation training system of scanning probe microscope based on virtual reality and web. This paper opens out this system combining SPM technology with VR technology on network, analyses the characteristic of the long-distance simulation training system inside and outside and in being SPM training system , and for the first time brings forward the exploiture client end with Java3D in B/S structure at home. The system offers the mutral interface for the longdistance users, the construction and the display of dimensional virtual scene, the inter-operation and the range of the scene, and so on. And it solves bandwidth of network and favorable interoperability problems well in the long-distance training. The application of JavaSD leads t
he system present out spick-and-span visage. In addition, Java3D can only accomplish the regular geometry sculpting and can't accomplish the irregular geometry sculpting. To solve this flaw, a new way of sculpting the gyre-solid and changing-section-brace by approaching the solid with small slice is put forward. At the same time, rendering and third dimension disposing are settled in this paper. This technique expanses the functions of Java3d API in necessary, and possess value of Java3d API in use.
With the development of VR technology and network mechanics of communication, the simulation training based on VR and the web conforms to new historical reference trend 'research area. The implementation of this system will give new exploitation idea and policy for every other long-distance simulation training system of our nation. The further study on this technique could got up to directing and assigning role for tele-education, simulation laboratory, virtual laboratory ect.
本文首先阐述了虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)技术，以及网络虚拟现实技术应用现状和发展趋势，然后根据客户需求及他们拥有的计算机环境，对比多种相关技术，提出了采用三层浏览器／服务器(Browser／Server简称B／S)体系结构，架构远程基于虚拟现实技术的扫描探针显微镜仿真培训系统。该系统将SPM技术与网络虚拟现实技术相结合，分析国内外远程仿真培训系统特点，以及现有的SPM培训系统，在国内首次提出B／S体系的客户端用Java3D进行开发，提供与远程用户交互的界面和接口、三维虚拟场景的构造和显示、场景的交互操作和漫游等，很好地解决了远程培训所必须具备的网络带宽和良好的互操作性问题，Java3D这一新技术的应用使本系统呈现出崭新的面貌。另外，在系统开发过程中，针对Java3D三维造型功能类中仅包含标准几何形体的问题，这里用四边形面片逼近曲面的方法解决了回转体和变截面曲柄的三维建模，以及这种建模方式下的渲染和真实感处理问题。
随着虚拟现实技术和网络通讯技术的发展，Web上基于VR的仿真培训是一个适应新的历史发展趋势的研究领域，本系统的实现对我国其它相关领域的远程仿真培训系统开发提供了新的开发思想和策略。本研究进一步还可以为远程教学、仿真实验室、虚拟实验室等模型起到指导作用。
SPM (scanning probe microscope) is an international surface analytic instrument rising up in recent years, and the distinguishability can reach nanometer level even atom level But this instrument is so exact and expensive, and it is very difficult for most beginners. So, it is harder to generalize the technology of SPM and to train the personnel, and it increases the probability of the damnification by mis-handle. To resolve these problems, the subject empolders the simulation training system of scanning probe microscope for Nano Science and Technology Center of ICCAS.
First of all, the paper expounds VR technology, VR technical application actuality and the trend of development on network, then based on each client demands and contrasting manifold relation techniques, adopts three-ply Browser/Server architecture, and constructs long-distance simulation training system of scanning probe microscope based on virtual reality and web. This paper opens out this system combining SPM technology with VR technology on network, analyses the characteristic of the long-distance simulation training system inside and outside and in being SPM training system , and for the first time brings forward the exploiture client end with Java3D in B/S structure at home. The system offers the mutral interface for the longdistance users, the construction and the display of dimensional virtual scene, the inter-operation and the range of the scene, and so on. And it solves bandwidth of network and favorable interoperability problems well in the long-distance training. The application of JavaSD leads t
he system present out spick-and-span visage. In addition, Java3D can only accomplish the regular geometry sculpting and can't accomplish the irregular geometry sculpting. To solve this flaw, a new way of sculpting the gyre-solid and changing-section-brace by approaching the solid with small slice is put forward. At the same time, rendering and third dimension disposing are settled in this paper. This technique expanses the functions of Java3d API in necessary, and possess value of Java3d API in use.
With the development of VR technology and network mechanics of communication, the simulation training based on VR and the web conforms to new historical reference trend 'research area. The implementation of this system will give new exploitation idea and policy for every other long-distance simulation training system of our nation. The further study on this technique could got up to directing and assigning role for tele-education, simulation laboratory, virtual laboratory ect.
引文
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[2]曾建超，俞志和．虚拟现实技术及其应用[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[3]李锦涛等．虚拟现实技术概论[J]．中国计算机报，2001(1)．
[4]张旆，杜可亮，刘见灼，贾占峰．WWW上的虚拟现实技术—VRML语言．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[5]阳化冰，刘忠丽，刘忠轩，王庆华．虚拟现实构造语言VRML．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[6]Introduction to Virtual Reality. Advanced Computer Graphics and VR, CS4240, 2002. 2.21
[7]The Java3D API White Paper. http://java.sun.com:80/marketing/collateral/3d-api.html
[8]Dennis J Bouvier, Getting started with the Java3D API http://Java.sun.com/products/java-media/3D/collateral/j3d_tut.zip, 1999
[9]Henry Sowizral, Kevin Rushforth, Michael Deering, The Java 3D API Specification, Addison-Wesley, December 1997
[10]Java3D API Document. Sun MicroSystem, 1999
[11]Java 3D Tutorial. Sun Microsystems, 1999
[12]Henry A, Michael F. The Java 3D API and Virtual Reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol.19, No.5, pp.53-58, 1999
[13]淮永建，郝重阳．面向VR应用系统的Java3D API．中国图像图形学报，第5卷(A版)，第12期，2000年12月
[14]伍祥生，王克宏．Internet上描述三维虚拟场景的Java 3D API．中国图象图形学报，Vol．3，No．7，1998：p．601-605
[15]罗宁，傅秀芳．Java3D—Java语言的三维图形解决方案．现代计算机．2001，25：47—49
[16]淮永建，张先勇．Java3D API和虚拟现实．中国体视学全图像分析及仿真与虚拟现实专业中国航空学会信号与信息处理专业第一届联合学术会议，页码：P．189-196
[17]鲍彦如，任长明．Java 3D实现VRML浏览器新途径．计算机应用研究．2001，2：117—119
[18]王琳，冯正进．利用VRML构造交互式虚拟现实环境．计算机应用．2000，20：253—254
[19]张杰．Java 3D交互式三维图形编程．人民邮电出版社，1999，ISBN 7-115-08231，6／TP1399
[20]江顺亮．用Java3D进行三维实体上计算结果的展示．计算机应用，2001-8，21(8)：171-174
[21]蔡中义．基于能量技校准则的曲面再现与光顺．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2002，14，758-762
[22]革新明等．激光驱动器的仿真研究．计算机仿真，19(4)：66-68
[23]H Hope, T DeRose, T Duchamp, et al. surface reconstruction from unorganized points[J]. Compouter Graphics, (1992, 26C2): 71-78
[24]J Peters. Lold smooth surface interpolation: A classification[J]. Computer AidedGeometric Desigh, 1990, 7(114): 191-196
[25]孙家广．计算机图形学．清华大学出版社，1998-9，ISBN 7-302-03082-0，TP1639
[26]Cay S．Horstmann，Gary Cornell．京京工作室译：Java2核心技术．北京：机械：业出版社，2000
[27]Bruce Eckel．京京工作室译：Java编程思想．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[28]Ken Arnold, James Gosling. The Java Programming Language. Addison-Wesley,December 1997
[29]David M, Geary. Graphic Java Mastering the AWT. Sunsoft Press, 1997 Complete coverage of the AWT
[30]Creating a GUI with JFC-Swing. http://java.sun.com/does/books/tutorial/uiswing/
[31]黄启春．基于CORBA的三层B／S结构．计算机与信息技术
[32]陈其安．基于B／S模式的校园Intranet网络管理信息系统构建．
[33]Browser／Server结构WEB技术分析，http://www2.yesky.com/34670720/163188_1 .shtml
[34]王守强，朱大铭，丁俊忠．基于B／S体系结构开发应用系统．
[35]瞿有利等．B／S模式应用系统的一种新型结构及其实现．计算机应用研究，2000No．6
[36]张敏情，苏炀．ASP开发Browse／Server模式的Web数据库．
[37]刘玉海，俞康伦，张锡恩．基于虚拟现实的装备维修仿真训练系统研究．计算机仿真，2002．3，Vol．19，No．2
[38]宿红毅，战守义，陈谊．面向仿真的虚拟现实开发平台的设计．北京理工大学学报，2002．2，Vol．21，No．1
[39]李玉清，孟繁疆．虚拟现实计算机培训系统的总体设计．东北农业大学学报，，Vol．32，No．1
[40]李玉忠，杜慧军．虚拟现实技术综述与基拟现实技术的虚拟培训系统设计．计算机工程与应用，2002．1．5
[41]何敏，吕崇德．基于Web的电站仿真培训系统设计思想．计算机仿真，2001．7，Vol．18，No．4
[42]杨广平．虚拟现实与机器人三维仿真．西安电子科技大学学报，2000
[43]冯武，龚杰民，王力．DIS的可视化工具软件的研究，99全国仿真技术学术会议论文集，1999，143-146
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