面向顾客特征的网络化产品定制技术的研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的突飞猛进，市场环境发生了重大变化，产品生命周期越来越短，用户对产品的需求呈现出多样化和个性化的特征，技术创新成为争夺市场的主要手段。因此，满足用户特殊需求的个性化产品将在市场产品中占据主导地位，大规模定制成为了目前主流的制造模式。但在目前的大规模定制未能有效的把顾客纳入到产品定制的流程中去，难以快速响应市场上非理性因素的影响。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了顾客特征的概念，并把它作为了产品定制流程中的约束因素和推动力。
本文首先介绍了产品定制的现状和大规模定制的主要内容，以及目前参数化设计存在的不足之处，提出了顾客特征的概念并对其主要方法进行了阐述。
在顾客特征的关键技术方面，着重介绍了基于照片的人脸三维模型合成和生理特征参数的提取，并对其中涉及到的具体方法和步骤进行了验证。
在网络化产品定制方面，针对现有的网络化产品定制系统用户没有真正参与设计和不能预先浏览最终产品的缺点，提出了面向顾客特征的网络化定制体系，并介绍了涉及到的关键技术。
最后，以眼镜产品的定制为例，对上述的方法和关键技术进行了验证。
With the development of technology, the situation of market is growing changed. This cause the lifecycle of product growing shorter and shorter, and the user's requirement to product becomes diverse and individual. Technology innovation has become a main measure to occupy the market. Mass customization is the main kind advanced manufacture mode now, but the customers do not attend the flows of product customization in present's mass customization. In order to solve this problem, we put forward the concept of customer-feature, and take it as the constraint factor and driving force.
Firstly, this thesis introduces the current statues of product customization and the main content of mass customization, and parameters design. Due to their limited, we advance the concept and methods of customer-feature.
In the discussion of key technology of customer-feature, this thesis emphasizes on photographs based facial modeling technology, and the physiology parameters extraction methods.
This thesis also put the customer-feature into web-based product customization system, and put forward a new architecture in this area.
At last, taking the example of the customization of spectacles products, this thesis proves the method and technologies above mentioned.
本文首先介绍了产品定制的现状和大规模定制的主要内容，以及目前参数化设计存在的不足之处，提出了顾客特征的概念并对其主要方法进行了阐述。
在顾客特征的关键技术方面，着重介绍了基于照片的人脸三维模型合成和生理特征参数的提取，并对其中涉及到的具体方法和步骤进行了验证。
在网络化产品定制方面，针对现有的网络化产品定制系统用户没有真正参与设计和不能预先浏览最终产品的缺点，提出了面向顾客特征的网络化定制体系，并介绍了涉及到的关键技术。
最后，以眼镜产品的定制为例，对上述的方法和关键技术进行了验证。
With the development of technology, the situation of market is growing changed. This cause the lifecycle of product growing shorter and shorter, and the user's requirement to product becomes diverse and individual. Technology innovation has become a main measure to occupy the market. Mass customization is the main kind advanced manufacture mode now, but the customers do not attend the flows of product customization in present's mass customization. In order to solve this problem, we put forward the concept of customer-feature, and take it as the constraint factor and driving force.
Firstly, this thesis introduces the current statues of product customization and the main content of mass customization, and parameters design. Due to their limited, we advance the concept and methods of customer-feature.
In the discussion of key technology of customer-feature, this thesis emphasizes on photographs based facial modeling technology, and the physiology parameters extraction methods.
This thesis also put the customer-feature into web-based product customization system, and put forward a new architecture in this area.
At last, taking the example of the customization of spectacles products, this thesis proves the method and technologies above mentioned.
引文
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[2] 樊树海，肖田元，乔桂秀等．大规模定制概述[J]．航空精密制造技术，2002，38(1)：1-4
[3] Tseng M, et al. Design for mass customization [A]. Annuals of CIRP[C]. 1996,45(1): 153-156
[4] S Alasdair Buchanan, et al. Constraint definition system: a computer-algebra based approach to solving geometric-constraint problems [J]. Computer Aided Design, 1993:25 (12): 724-728
[5] Aldefeld B. Variation of geometry based on geometric reasoning method[J]. Computer Aided Design, 1998,20(3): 117-126
[6] 孟祥旭，汪嘉业，刘慎权．基于有向超图的参数化表示模型及其实现[J]．计算机学报，1997，20(11)：982—988
[7] 马翠霞，孟祥旭，等．参数化设计方法中的对象约束模型及方向约束的研究[J]．计算机学报，2000，23(9)，991—995
[8] 葛建新，董金祥，何志均，基于草图的变参设计绘图系统[J]，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1994，6(3)：207-212
[9] 罗仕鉴，朱上上，孙守迁．人体测量技术的现状与发展趋势[J]．人类工效学，2002，8(2)：31～34
[10] Mitsuo, Nagamachi. Kansei engineering as a powerful consumer-oriented technology for product development[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2002,33(3):289～294
[11] Yuencheng Lee, et al. Realistic Modeling for Facial Animation[A].In: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, New Orleans. 1996:55-62
[12] Frederic Pighin, Jamie Hecker, et al.. Synthesizing Realistic Facial Expressions from Photographs [J], Computer Graphics Proceedings, 1998
[13] 梅丽，鲍虎军，彭群生．特定人脸的快速定制和肌肉驱动的表情动画[J]．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．2001，13(12)：1～6
[14] Horace H. S. Ip, Li Yunyin. Arbitrary facial views Generation from two orthogonal facial images[J], IEEE, 1995:1079-1084
[15] 张翔宇，华蓓，陈意云．人脸建模和动画的基本技术[J]．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报。2001．13(4)：342～347
[16] Rein-Lien Hsu, Anil K. Jain. Face Detection in Color Images[J], IEEE TRANS. 2002.5, 24(5):696-706
[17] Chun-Ming Tsai, His-Jian Lee. Binaryzation of color document images via luminance and saturation color feature [J]. IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, 2002, 4(11):434-451
[18] Takaaki Akimoto,Yasuhito Suenaga,Richard S.Wallace.Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models[J].IEEE Computer Graphics&Applications. 1993:16-22
[19] Peter J Burt, Edward H Andelson. A multiresolution Spline with application to image mosaics. ACM Transaction on Graphics, 1983, 2(4):217-236
[20] Jerry W, Arvind R. Customization: the second Revolution in Mass Customization. Journal of interactive marketing, 2001, 15(1): 13-32
[21] W. S. Lee, N. Magnenat-Thalmann. Fast head modeling for animation, Image and Vision Computing, 2000, 18:355-364
[22] 侯宏仑，孙守迁，潘云鹤，等．网络设计与网络制造[J]．中国机械工程，2001，12(1)，105-108
[23] 李文锋，王琦，陈定方。虚拟设计环境建立与OpenGL和VRML的研究开发[J]．工程图学学报，2000，21(2)：1—5
[24] 刘跃军等．基于神经网络技术的机械产品设计专家系统的研究．机械产品设计．2001，17(4)，18-22
[25] http://www.framesdirect.com/
[26] 镜架国标(GB／T14214-93)
[27] 杜可亮，等．WWW上的虚拟现实技术——VRML语言[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[28] Mason Woo．OpenGL权威编程指南。中国电力出版社，2001．(吴斌，段海波，薛凤武译)
[2] 樊树海，肖田元，乔桂秀等．大规模定制概述[J]．航空精密制造技术，2002，38(1)：1-4
[3] Tseng M, et al. Design for mass customization [A]. Annuals of CIRP[C]. 1996,45(1): 153-156
[4] S Alasdair Buchanan, et al. Constraint definition system: a computer-algebra based approach to solving geometric-constraint problems [J]. Computer Aided Design, 1993:25 (12): 724-728
[5] Aldefeld B. Variation of geometry based on geometric reasoning method[J]. Computer Aided Design, 1998,20(3): 117-126
[6] 孟祥旭，汪嘉业，刘慎权．基于有向超图的参数化表示模型及其实现[J]．计算机学报，1997，20(11)：982—988
[7] 马翠霞，孟祥旭，等．参数化设计方法中的对象约束模型及方向约束的研究[J]．计算机学报，2000，23(9)，991—995
[8] 葛建新，董金祥，何志均，基于草图的变参设计绘图系统[J]，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1994，6(3)：207-212
[9] 罗仕鉴，朱上上，孙守迁．人体测量技术的现状与发展趋势[J]．人类工效学，2002，8(2)：31～34
[10] Mitsuo, Nagamachi. Kansei engineering as a powerful consumer-oriented technology for product development[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2002,33(3):289～294
[11] Yuencheng Lee, et al. Realistic Modeling for Facial Animation[A].In: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, New Orleans. 1996:55-62
[12] Frederic Pighin, Jamie Hecker, et al.. Synthesizing Realistic Facial Expressions from Photographs [J], Computer Graphics Proceedings, 1998
[13] 梅丽，鲍虎军，彭群生．特定人脸的快速定制和肌肉驱动的表情动画[J]．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报．2001，13(12)：1～6
[14] Horace H. S. Ip, Li Yunyin. Arbitrary facial views Generation from two orthogonal facial images[J], IEEE, 1995:1079-1084
[15] 张翔宇，华蓓，陈意云．人脸建模和动画的基本技术[J]．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报。2001．13(4)：342～347
[16] Rein-Lien Hsu, Anil K. Jain. Face Detection in Color Images[J], IEEE TRANS. 2002.5, 24(5):696-706
[17] Chun-Ming Tsai, His-Jian Lee. Binaryzation of color document images via luminance and saturation color feature [J]. IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, 2002, 4(11):434-451
[18] Takaaki Akimoto,Yasuhito Suenaga,Richard S.Wallace.Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models[J].IEEE Computer Graphics&Applications. 1993:16-22
[19] Peter J Burt, Edward H Andelson. A multiresolution Spline with application to image mosaics. ACM Transaction on Graphics, 1983, 2(4):217-236
[20] Jerry W, Arvind R. Customization: the second Revolution in Mass Customization. Journal of interactive marketing, 2001, 15(1): 13-32
[21] W. S. Lee, N. Magnenat-Thalmann. Fast head modeling for animation, Image and Vision Computing, 2000, 18:355-364
[22] 侯宏仑，孙守迁，潘云鹤，等．网络设计与网络制造[J]．中国机械工程，2001，12(1)，105-108
[23] 李文锋，王琦，陈定方。虚拟设计环境建立与OpenGL和VRML的研究开发[J]．工程图学学报，2000，21(2)：1—5
[24] 刘跃军等．基于神经网络技术的机械产品设计专家系统的研究．机械产品设计．2001，17(4)，18-22
[25] http://www.framesdirect.com/
[26] 镜架国标(GB／T14214-93)
[27] 杜可亮，等．WWW上的虚拟现实技术——VRML语言[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[28] Mason Woo．OpenGL权威编程指南。中国电力出版社，2001．(吴斌，段海波，薛凤武译)