大花蕙兰营养特性的研究
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摘要
本文结合山东省泰山林业科学研究院花卉基地栽培大花蕙兰的实际,比较系统深入地研究了大花蕙兰的营养特性。选用大花蕙兰‘圣蕾芬’、‘爱月’、‘新星’和‘天使’四个品种,研究了不同品种、不同生育时期、不同器官和开花状态的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、B、Cu和Mn九种营养元素的含量。从大花蕙兰在不同生育时期不同器官内营养元素的积累和分布状况,对每个品种的变化规律给予详细的研究,为不同品种的不同施肥方案的制定,奠定了良好的理论基础。根据试验基地大花蕙兰存在的开花与不开花现象,从分析不开花株与开花株的养分对比和可溶性糖含量变化角度,探讨了开花株与不开花株养分含量的差别,为进一步研究开花机理提供理论依据。主要研究结论如下:
1、通过对大花蕙兰四个品种不同时期不同器官内的养分积累及分配情况的研究发现,每个品种的变化趋势均不相同,这说明分品种进行有针对性的合理施肥的理念是正确的。大花蕙兰‘圣蕾芬’磷和镁元素在整个生长期内不同器官内的分配差异显著,而所测的其他七种元素均在初花期的叶片及假鳞茎内表现出了极显著的差异,盛花期内各种元素在不同器官内没有表现出显著差异。大花蕙兰‘爱月’氮、磷、钾和锰在初花期不同器官内的分配存在极显著性差异,磷、钙、镁和铜在花芽出现期在叶片及假鳞茎现出显著性差异,硼和铜在盛花期表现出了显著性差异。大花蕙兰‘新星’磷和硼元素在植株生长期不同器官内的分配存在显著差异,磷、硫、铜和锰在花芽出现期叶片及假鳞茎内也表现出显著性差异,且铜和锰是极显著差异,初花期除了磷和镁在不同器官内的分配没有显著差异外,其余的元素均有显著和极显著性差异,盛花期只有硼元素在不同器官内的分配存在显著性差异。大花蕙兰‘天使’所测的九种元素在植株生长期该品种体内的分配量无显著差异,磷、钾、铜和锰元素在花芽出现期不同器官内的含量分配存在显著差异,且磷和铜存在极显著性差异,这除磷、钙和镁元素在盛花期不同器官内的分配量无明显差异外,其余元素的含量均有显著或极显著的差异。这项研究有助于根据不同时期进行有针对性的合理施肥。
2、通过对开花株与不开花株分时期叶片及假鳞茎内养分含量对比研究发现,不同品种不同养分在开花花株与不开花株的差异显著性不同,这有可能与不同品种的开花机理不同;通过研究还发现叶片和假鳞茎作为大花蕙兰的不同器官,其养分含量的变化趋势差异很大。
3、通过对叶片及假鳞茎内不同生育期各元素的相关性分析发现,植株生长期叶与假鳞茎内的氮、钾含量极显著相关,镁和硫含量显著相关,其余元素含量相关性不显著;花芽出现期叶与假鳞茎内的钾、硼、铜和锰含量呈极显著相关,氮素呈显著相关;初花期钾、钙、硼和铜素含量呈极显著相关,其中铜为负相关,其余元素除磷外均呈不显著负相关;盛花期钾、钙和硫元素呈极显著相关,磷和锰呈显著相关。由此可见,钾元素在四个时期叶片与假鳞茎内的含量均有极显著相关,因此在研究大花蕙兰钾元素含量时可以只采叶片作为研究对象。而其余元素的含量由于时期的不同相关性也不同,这说明在研究大花蕙兰其余营养元素含量时,只采叶片或假鳞茎作为研究对象的想法不可行,只能采用整株式采样法。
4、通过对开花株与不开花株在花芽发育期的各个阶段可溶性糖含量的变化研究,发现大花蕙兰‘圣蕾芬’与大花蕙兰‘天使’可溶性糖的差异显著性不相同,这与养分含量变化不同是相一致的,再次证明了不同品种开花机理可能不同的理论是正确的。对叶片内大量、微量元素含量与可溶性糖的相关性进行了分析,研究发现对于开花株可溶性糖含量与锰素呈极显著负相关,与氮素呈显著负相关;不开花株可溶性糖含量与镁、硫和硼素呈极显著相关,且镁和硫为负相关。
In this paper, the nutritional characteristics of Cymbidium hybridum were studied combined with Taishan in Shandong Province Forestry Institute of Science and Technology flower cultivation base Cymbidium the actual production. Studies about the nutrient contention of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu and Mn in Cym. saint Raphin,Cym. Lovely moon‘Grescent’,Cym.Slvan Star‘Tokimeki’and Cym.KLR565 four varieties during different growth stages and the different organs of the state of flowering.Studies about Cymbidium hybridum in different growth stages in different organs, the accumulation of nutrients and the distribution of each species of changes in the law to give a detailed study, for different species of different fertilization programme development, laying a good theoretical basis. According to test base Cymbidium the flowering and non-flowering phenomenon, from the analysis of flowering and flowering of the nutrient contrast soluble sugar content and perspective on the flowering of flowering and non-nutrient content of the difference, for further study flowering Mechanism and provide a theoretical basis.The results can be summarized as follows:
1. Through the Cymbidium four different varieties in different organs during the nutrient accumulation and distribution of the study found that the trends in each species are not the same, that this sub-species of targeted rational fertilization of ideas is correct . Cym. saint Raphin phosphorus and magnesium element in the whole period of growth within the different organs of the significant differences in the distribution, measured by the other seven elements are in the early flowering bulb, leaves and leave the show the very significant Differences Shenghua during the various elements in different organs, also showed no significant difference.Cym.Lovely moon ‘Grescent’nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and manganese in the early flowering of different organs within the existing allocation of a significant difference, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and copper in the buds and leaves in a period of pseudobulb also shown significant Difference, boron and copper in the Shing flowering period showed a significant difference.Cym.Slvan Star‘Tokimeki’element phosphorus and boron plants growing in different organs of the existence of significant differences in the distribution, phosphorus, sulfur, copper and manganese in the leaves and flower buds of a pseudobulb also showed significant differences, and copper and Manganese is a very significant difference, in addition to the early flowering of phosphorus and magnesium in the different organs of the distribution of no significant difference, the remaining elements are significant and highly significant difference, Shing flowering only element boron in the different organs of the distribution of significant differences exist. Cym.KLR565 measured by the nine elements in the plant species growing in the distribution of no significant difference, phosphorus, potassium, copper and manganese in the flower buds of different organs in the allocation of significant differences, and Copper and phosphorus there was significant difference, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium Shing flowering of different elements in the allocation of organs, there was no significant difference, the remaining elements in both significant or very significant difference. According to the study carried out in different periods of targeted rational fertilization.
2. Through the flowering of strain and non-flowering period of leaves and nutrient content in the pseudobulb comparative study found that different varieties of different nutrients in the open and non-flowering of Flower of the difference was significant different, and this may have different species of flowering of different; The study also found that through the leaves and pseudobulb as Cymbidium the different organs, the nutrient content of different trends.
3. Through the bulb leaves and leave the various elements of reproductive age-related analysis found that plants growing within the bulb leaves and leave the nitrogen and potassium content was significantly related, magnesium and sulfur content significantly related to the remaining elements in no significant correlation; Emerging leaves and flower buds of the pseudobulb, potassium, boron, copper and manganese content was significantly related, nitrogen was significantly related to the early flowering of potassium, calcium, boron and copper content of a very significant correlation, negative correlation for copper, The remaining elements of phosphorus, showed no significant negative correlation Shing flowering potassium, calcium and sulfur were significantly related, phosphate and manganese was significantly related. This shows that the potassium elements in the leaves and four times the content of pseudobulb were significantly related, so the study Cymbidium elements in potassium can only leaves as a mining study. And the remaining elements in the period due to the different relevance are also different, in that study Cymbidium remaining nutrient content, only mining leaves or pseudobulb study the idea as impractical and can only use whole-sampling method.
4. Through the flowering and non-flowering strain of flower bud development period in the various stages of soluble sugar content in research, found Cym. saint Raphin and Cym.KLR565 sugar difference was significant not the same, And nutrient content in a different line, proving once again that different species of flowering may be different theories is correct. The analysis of the relevance between the macroelement content and trace elements in leaves and soluble sugar, the study found that flowering of soluble sugar content of manganese and a very significant negative correlation, and nitrogen was negatively related flowering strain is not soluble sugar content and Magnesium, sulfur and boron was significantly related, and magnesium and sulfur to a negative correlation.
1、通过对大花蕙兰四个品种不同时期不同器官内的养分积累及分配情况的研究发现,每个品种的变化趋势均不相同,这说明分品种进行有针对性的合理施肥的理念是正确的。大花蕙兰‘圣蕾芬’磷和镁元素在整个生长期内不同器官内的分配差异显著,而所测的其他七种元素均在初花期的叶片及假鳞茎内表现出了极显著的差异,盛花期内各种元素在不同器官内没有表现出显著差异。大花蕙兰‘爱月’氮、磷、钾和锰在初花期不同器官内的分配存在极显著性差异,磷、钙、镁和铜在花芽出现期在叶片及假鳞茎现出显著性差异,硼和铜在盛花期表现出了显著性差异。大花蕙兰‘新星’磷和硼元素在植株生长期不同器官内的分配存在显著差异,磷、硫、铜和锰在花芽出现期叶片及假鳞茎内也表现出显著性差异,且铜和锰是极显著差异,初花期除了磷和镁在不同器官内的分配没有显著差异外,其余的元素均有显著和极显著性差异,盛花期只有硼元素在不同器官内的分配存在显著性差异。大花蕙兰‘天使’所测的九种元素在植株生长期该品种体内的分配量无显著差异,磷、钾、铜和锰元素在花芽出现期不同器官内的含量分配存在显著差异,且磷和铜存在极显著性差异,这除磷、钙和镁元素在盛花期不同器官内的分配量无明显差异外,其余元素的含量均有显著或极显著的差异。这项研究有助于根据不同时期进行有针对性的合理施肥。
2、通过对开花株与不开花株分时期叶片及假鳞茎内养分含量对比研究发现,不同品种不同养分在开花花株与不开花株的差异显著性不同,这有可能与不同品种的开花机理不同;通过研究还发现叶片和假鳞茎作为大花蕙兰的不同器官,其养分含量的变化趋势差异很大。
3、通过对叶片及假鳞茎内不同生育期各元素的相关性分析发现,植株生长期叶与假鳞茎内的氮、钾含量极显著相关,镁和硫含量显著相关,其余元素含量相关性不显著;花芽出现期叶与假鳞茎内的钾、硼、铜和锰含量呈极显著相关,氮素呈显著相关;初花期钾、钙、硼和铜素含量呈极显著相关,其中铜为负相关,其余元素除磷外均呈不显著负相关;盛花期钾、钙和硫元素呈极显著相关,磷和锰呈显著相关。由此可见,钾元素在四个时期叶片与假鳞茎内的含量均有极显著相关,因此在研究大花蕙兰钾元素含量时可以只采叶片作为研究对象。而其余元素的含量由于时期的不同相关性也不同,这说明在研究大花蕙兰其余营养元素含量时,只采叶片或假鳞茎作为研究对象的想法不可行,只能采用整株式采样法。
4、通过对开花株与不开花株在花芽发育期的各个阶段可溶性糖含量的变化研究,发现大花蕙兰‘圣蕾芬’与大花蕙兰‘天使’可溶性糖的差异显著性不相同,这与养分含量变化不同是相一致的,再次证明了不同品种开花机理可能不同的理论是正确的。对叶片内大量、微量元素含量与可溶性糖的相关性进行了分析,研究发现对于开花株可溶性糖含量与锰素呈极显著负相关,与氮素呈显著负相关;不开花株可溶性糖含量与镁、硫和硼素呈极显著相关,且镁和硫为负相关。
In this paper, the nutritional characteristics of Cymbidium hybridum were studied combined with Taishan in Shandong Province Forestry Institute of Science and Technology flower cultivation base Cymbidium the actual production. Studies about the nutrient contention of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu and Mn in Cym. saint Raphin,Cym. Lovely moon‘Grescent’,Cym.Slvan Star‘Tokimeki’and Cym.KLR565 four varieties during different growth stages and the different organs of the state of flowering.Studies about Cymbidium hybridum in different growth stages in different organs, the accumulation of nutrients and the distribution of each species of changes in the law to give a detailed study, for different species of different fertilization programme development, laying a good theoretical basis. According to test base Cymbidium the flowering and non-flowering phenomenon, from the analysis of flowering and flowering of the nutrient contrast soluble sugar content and perspective on the flowering of flowering and non-nutrient content of the difference, for further study flowering Mechanism and provide a theoretical basis.The results can be summarized as follows:
1. Through the Cymbidium four different varieties in different organs during the nutrient accumulation and distribution of the study found that the trends in each species are not the same, that this sub-species of targeted rational fertilization of ideas is correct . Cym. saint Raphin phosphorus and magnesium element in the whole period of growth within the different organs of the significant differences in the distribution, measured by the other seven elements are in the early flowering bulb, leaves and leave the show the very significant Differences Shenghua during the various elements in different organs, also showed no significant difference.Cym.Lovely moon ‘Grescent’nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and manganese in the early flowering of different organs within the existing allocation of a significant difference, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and copper in the buds and leaves in a period of pseudobulb also shown significant Difference, boron and copper in the Shing flowering period showed a significant difference.Cym.Slvan Star‘Tokimeki’element phosphorus and boron plants growing in different organs of the existence of significant differences in the distribution, phosphorus, sulfur, copper and manganese in the leaves and flower buds of a pseudobulb also showed significant differences, and copper and Manganese is a very significant difference, in addition to the early flowering of phosphorus and magnesium in the different organs of the distribution of no significant difference, the remaining elements are significant and highly significant difference, Shing flowering only element boron in the different organs of the distribution of significant differences exist. Cym.KLR565 measured by the nine elements in the plant species growing in the distribution of no significant difference, phosphorus, potassium, copper and manganese in the flower buds of different organs in the allocation of significant differences, and Copper and phosphorus there was significant difference, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium Shing flowering of different elements in the allocation of organs, there was no significant difference, the remaining elements in both significant or very significant difference. According to the study carried out in different periods of targeted rational fertilization.
2. Through the flowering of strain and non-flowering period of leaves and nutrient content in the pseudobulb comparative study found that different varieties of different nutrients in the open and non-flowering of Flower of the difference was significant different, and this may have different species of flowering of different; The study also found that through the leaves and pseudobulb as Cymbidium the different organs, the nutrient content of different trends.
3. Through the bulb leaves and leave the various elements of reproductive age-related analysis found that plants growing within the bulb leaves and leave the nitrogen and potassium content was significantly related, magnesium and sulfur content significantly related to the remaining elements in no significant correlation; Emerging leaves and flower buds of the pseudobulb, potassium, boron, copper and manganese content was significantly related, nitrogen was significantly related to the early flowering of potassium, calcium, boron and copper content of a very significant correlation, negative correlation for copper, The remaining elements of phosphorus, showed no significant negative correlation Shing flowering potassium, calcium and sulfur were significantly related, phosphate and manganese was significantly related. This shows that the potassium elements in the leaves and four times the content of pseudobulb were significantly related, so the study Cymbidium elements in potassium can only leaves as a mining study. And the remaining elements in the period due to the different relevance are also different, in that study Cymbidium remaining nutrient content, only mining leaves or pseudobulb study the idea as impractical and can only use whole-sampling method.
4. Through the flowering and non-flowering strain of flower bud development period in the various stages of soluble sugar content in research, found Cym. saint Raphin and Cym.KLR565 sugar difference was significant not the same, And nutrient content in a different line, proving once again that different species of flowering may be different theories is correct. The analysis of the relevance between the macroelement content and trace elements in leaves and soluble sugar, the study found that flowering of soluble sugar content of manganese and a very significant negative correlation, and nitrogen was negatively related flowering strain is not soluble sugar content and Magnesium, sulfur and boron was significantly related, and magnesium and sulfur to a negative correlation.
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Agbaria H.:Nirate reductase and glutamine symthetase acticity in rose plants(Rose hybrida cvs.llseta and mercedes):effects of root-shoot interactions .Acta Hort,996,424:95~99
Chen Chiachung:Study of non-destructive measurement and leaf chlorophyll concentration for Oncidium.Journal of Agriculture & Forestry,2002,51(2):61~75
Changming Yang Linzhang Yang Yongxing Yang et al.(2004)Rice root growth and nutrient uptake as influenced by organic manure in continuously and alternately flooded paddy soils.Agricultural Water Management,70:67~81
Cibes H R,Cernuda C,Loustalot A J.:Vanda physicilogical studies,Puerto Rico Fed Expt Sta Rpa,1948:21~23
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