大花蕙兰磷营养生理研究
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摘要
大花蕙兰(Cymbidium hybridum)是世界花卉市场中重要商品盆花之一。本文针对目前我国对大花蕙兰生产中营养生理和施肥技术研究较少的现状,通过盆栽施肥试验和定期采样测定,研究了不同磷施用量对‘粉梦露’和‘幻影’生长和开花的影响,对各器官干物质重、养分百分含量、养分年吸收量的影响。研究了‘粉梦露’一年苗磷肥年利用率等。主要研究结果如下:
1、营养生长阶段,‘粉梦露’和‘幻影’的一年苗对磷需求很少,4.5mg/株·月施磷量即可,过多施用促进作用不显著。
2、一定程度的增施磷肥对大花蕙兰花芽分化和开花有促进作用,但并不是磷肥施用越多,开花品质越好。27.0～54.0mg/株·月的施磷量对‘粉梦露’开花的花期、花朵数量、花箭数量、花箭长度、花径、成花率等相对比较适合,4.5mg/株·月的施磷量对‘幻影’开花促进作用显著。
3、营养生长阶段,‘粉梦露’一年苗各器官对全氮、全磷、全钾的年需求量较少。4.5mg/株·月施磷量条件下肥料利用率相对较高,为10.93%,比较接近磷当年利用率的常规数值,此时‘粉梦露’一年苗磷年吸收总量为57.1mg/株,氮肥、钾肥当年利用率最高可达61.77%和71.30%。
4、通过对本试验‘粉梦露’和‘幻影’一年苗栽培两年后未开花和固安同苗龄开花植株各营养器官的干物质重、可溶性糖、C/N、养分百分含量的比较、分析,初步推断,本试验大花蕙兰没有正常开花,养分积累方面可能的原因如下:
(1)本试验大花蕙兰不能如期开花的主要原因可能是夏季温室内温度过高,连续经过两个夏季的高温胁迫,基质产生真菌,各器官不能正常吸收营养,养分积累较少,没有达到花芽分化的必需条件。
(2)通过分析两地的自来水,发现本试验自来水钠离子含量为33.25mg·L-1,固安钠离子含量为21.98 mg·L-1,前者明显高于后者,推断有可能是钠离子毒害致使大花蕙兰植株不能正常吸收养分,不能满足花芽分化必需的条件。
Cymbidium hybridum is an important commodity potted in the intrenational flower market. Currently, our country has little research on nutrition physiology and fertilization technique of Cymbidium.This paper studied the potted fertilization through regular sampling tests,studied the impact on growth and blossom of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’and Cymbidium.Walu‘Idol’under different phosphorus application, and the impact on the dry weight of organs, the percentage of nutrients and the absorption of nutrients. Studied the utilization ratio of phosphorus on Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’one-year plant and so on .The main result are as follows:
1. In the vegetative growth phase , Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’and Cymbidium.Walu‘Idol’annual seedlings little demand for phosphorus, 4.5mg per month on capacity can be phosphorus, excessive use catalytic role not significant.
2. Increasing the P application rate in some degree can promote the stage of flower bud differentiation and flowering, but not the more phosphate fertilizer application, the better the quality of flowering. It is benifit for florescence the number of flower, flower arrow , length of flower arrow, diameter of flower and ratio of flower of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’under 27.0～54.0mg each plant per month. It had a catalytic role on the Cymbidium.Walu‘Idol’under 4.5mg each plant per month.
3. To organs of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’annual seedlings, the demand quantity of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium is small during vegetative growth stage .The utilization of phosphorus is relatively higher under 4.5 mg per month each phosphate application rate,10.93 percent, close to the utilization of phosphorus that conventional values,at this time the total annual P absoption of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’annual seedlings is 57.1mg each. Nitrogen, potash fertilizer utilization is up 61.77 percent and 71.30 percent.
4. Through comparison and analysis of dry weight, organs soluble sugar, C/N, nutrient content of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’and Cymbidium.Walu‘Idol’annual seedlings after two years cultivation which were growm in this test and the same age plants of Gu’an,. The reasons in nutrient accumulation that Cymbidium in the test is not flowering normally can be concluded preliminarily as follows:
(1) The main reason may be too high summer temperatures in the greenhouse, after two consecutive summer heat stress, matrix produce fungi,the organs can not absorb nutrition normally, low nutrient content does not meet the necessary conditions of flower bud differentiation .
(2) Through the analysis of the water of two places , it can be found that the test tap water for sodium content of 33.25 mg ? L-1, Gu’an sodium content is 21.98 mg ? L-1, the former significantly higher than the latter, the inference may be sodium ion poisoning caused Cymbidium plants can not absorb nutrients normally, can not meet the necessary conditions for flower bud differentiation.
1、营养生长阶段,‘粉梦露’和‘幻影’的一年苗对磷需求很少,4.5mg/株·月施磷量即可,过多施用促进作用不显著。
2、一定程度的增施磷肥对大花蕙兰花芽分化和开花有促进作用,但并不是磷肥施用越多,开花品质越好。27.0～54.0mg/株·月的施磷量对‘粉梦露’开花的花期、花朵数量、花箭数量、花箭长度、花径、成花率等相对比较适合,4.5mg/株·月的施磷量对‘幻影’开花促进作用显著。
3、营养生长阶段,‘粉梦露’一年苗各器官对全氮、全磷、全钾的年需求量较少。4.5mg/株·月施磷量条件下肥料利用率相对较高,为10.93%,比较接近磷当年利用率的常规数值,此时‘粉梦露’一年苗磷年吸收总量为57.1mg/株,氮肥、钾肥当年利用率最高可达61.77%和71.30%。
4、通过对本试验‘粉梦露’和‘幻影’一年苗栽培两年后未开花和固安同苗龄开花植株各营养器官的干物质重、可溶性糖、C/N、养分百分含量的比较、分析,初步推断,本试验大花蕙兰没有正常开花,养分积累方面可能的原因如下:
(1)本试验大花蕙兰不能如期开花的主要原因可能是夏季温室内温度过高,连续经过两个夏季的高温胁迫,基质产生真菌,各器官不能正常吸收营养,养分积累较少,没有达到花芽分化的必需条件。
(2)通过分析两地的自来水,发现本试验自来水钠离子含量为33.25mg·L-1,固安钠离子含量为21.98 mg·L-1,前者明显高于后者,推断有可能是钠离子毒害致使大花蕙兰植株不能正常吸收养分,不能满足花芽分化必需的条件。
Cymbidium hybridum is an important commodity potted in the intrenational flower market. Currently, our country has little research on nutrition physiology and fertilization technique of Cymbidium.This paper studied the potted fertilization through regular sampling tests,studied the impact on growth and blossom of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’and Cymbidium.Walu‘Idol’under different phosphorus application, and the impact on the dry weight of organs, the percentage of nutrients and the absorption of nutrients. Studied the utilization ratio of phosphorus on Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’one-year plant and so on .The main result are as follows:
1. In the vegetative growth phase , Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’and Cymbidium.Walu‘Idol’annual seedlings little demand for phosphorus, 4.5mg per month on capacity can be phosphorus, excessive use catalytic role not significant.
2. Increasing the P application rate in some degree can promote the stage of flower bud differentiation and flowering, but not the more phosphate fertilizer application, the better the quality of flowering. It is benifit for florescence the number of flower, flower arrow , length of flower arrow, diameter of flower and ratio of flower of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’under 27.0～54.0mg each plant per month. It had a catalytic role on the Cymbidium.Walu‘Idol’under 4.5mg each plant per month.
3. To organs of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’annual seedlings, the demand quantity of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium is small during vegetative growth stage .The utilization of phosphorus is relatively higher under 4.5 mg per month each phosphate application rate,10.93 percent, close to the utilization of phosphorus that conventional values,at this time the total annual P absoption of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’annual seedlings is 57.1mg each. Nitrogen, potash fertilizer utilization is up 61.77 percent and 71.30 percent.
4. Through comparison and analysis of dry weight, organs soluble sugar, C/N, nutrient content of Cymbidium.‘Marilyn Monroe’and Cymbidium.Walu‘Idol’annual seedlings after two years cultivation which were growm in this test and the same age plants of Gu’an,. The reasons in nutrient accumulation that Cymbidium in the test is not flowering normally can be concluded preliminarily as follows:
(1) The main reason may be too high summer temperatures in the greenhouse, after two consecutive summer heat stress, matrix produce fungi,the organs can not absorb nutrition normally, low nutrient content does not meet the necessary conditions of flower bud differentiation .
(2) Through the analysis of the water of two places , it can be found that the test tap water for sodium content of 33.25 mg ? L-1, Gu’an sodium content is 21.98 mg ? L-1, the former significantly higher than the latter, the inference may be sodium ion poisoning caused Cymbidium plants can not absorb nutrients normally, can not meet the necessary conditions for flower bud differentiation.
引文
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