医患门诊会话结构研究
|
摘要
本篇文章以医患门诊会话的宏观整体结构和微观局部结构为研究对象,尤以前者为重,以会话分析为主要方法,在建立小型医患话语语料库基础上,通过实证法、归纳法、对比法等方法对医患门诊会话结构进行全面探究,以期发现医患互动的真实过程和交际细节,最终尝试通过对整体与局部结构的深入分析,从宏观微观上更加清晰地认识医患互动实践的过程、本质、特征与规律,并提供相应建议性措施,以缓解紧张的医患关系,改善医疗服务质量。论文主要内容有：
第一章是引言部分,主要介绍了医患会话的国内外研究现状、本文研究的意义、运用的理论及方法、本文拟解决的问题和语料的搜集与转写等。
第二章是医患会话整体结构中的开头及病情陈述阶段,首先分析了医患会话整体结构构成阶段的划分问题,确定该整体结构应如何划分。然后,探讨了医患会话开头的方式,是询问式,还是无话语的肢体动作式。接着探究了病情陈述的阶段定位、特点以及患者陈述病情的方式等问题。最后就患者在医疗实践中病情陈述的完成情况,建议患者如何在本阶段掌握话语技巧,扩展自己的病情陈述。
第三章是医患会话整体结构中的病史询问阶段,该阶段的一个突出特征就是医生设计不同类型的问句,通过这些问句医生获取患者疾病信息、搜集数据和验证推断。因此本章首先分析了医生问题设计的特点,如设定议程、体现预设、传达认知立场和融入优选。然后探究医生问题设计的三原则,乐观原则、问题关注原则和接受者设计原则。最后对本阶段医生设计的问句进行分类,探讨了互动实践中不同类型的问句对患者反应的影响或限制问题,并建议医生如何选择问句类型,从而减少对患者的限制,以提高来访满意度。
第四章是医患会话整体结构的诊断、治疗建议与结束阶段。重点考察了诊断阶段的医患互动方式,即医生给出诊断陈述的方式和患者对医生诊断陈述的反应方式。然后探讨了我国医生的诊断风格,仍然是缺少解释的、商讨与合作的、以医生为中心的风格。接着分析了治疗建议阶段医患双方的互动方式,然后探究了医生的权威与责任在这两个阶段中不同的体现。最后考察了医患会话结束阶段所采用的方式。
第五章是医患会话微观结构中的相邻对和话轮转换。首先探讨了医患会话中相邻对的主要类型,接着分析了整体结构中不同阶段的相邻对特征。然后探究了医患会话的话轮转换机制,即话轮的构建成分和话轮的转换方式,最后总结了医患会话话轮转换的特征。
第六章是本文的结语部分,主要对全文内容进行总结：
第一,就医疗机构话语而言,医患会话属于十分典型的机构性会话,它有着区别于庭审会话、师生课堂会话、警察讯问话语、120急救电话等其他机构性会话的话语特征和结构模式。该机构性话语的结构模式具有潜在的约束性、规则性和可重复性。医患双方在实践中的互动就是按照这样的规则和模式实施自己的行为和理解对方的行为。医患会话以医生的打招呼询问为起点,以治疗建议结束后的告别为终点,这中间的医患互动过程不是杂乱无章的,而是存在一定顺序的互动秩序。医患会话的机构性任务就是通过互动秩序完成的,而且互动秩序是真实医患交际过程的再现。医患会话结构可以反映互动秩序和社会结构,体现双方在互动中的地位和身份。
第二,就结构特征而言,医患会话有一个潜在的完整整体结构,它能体现医疗机构性话语的独有特征。在整体结构中,每个阶段各有自己突出的特征,它们在互动过程中出现的顺序不同,所起的作用不同,重要性与地位不同,可缺失的可能性不同,在整体结构中占有的时间比例不同,医生权威的体现程度不同,患者的权力自主性不同,参与的积极程度也不同。另外,阶段之间的界线并非截然明了,常有过渡现象的出现。整体结构的构成与该机构的目的性和任务性息息相关。医生开头问题是给患者机会,让其初步提供病症状况,使医生能锁定病症范围,并做深入调查。病史询问是搜集数据,诊断是对疾病给出肯定或否定结论,治疗建议更是直接指向交际目标。
第三,就医患关系与互动特点而言,医患关系是机构化的角色关系。虽然医患交际的目的一致,但是两者既有合作,又有冲突,双方关系并不是理想的和谐状态,依然是以医生为中心,体现出明显不对称的现象。例如,医生开启的话轮较多,患者的较少；医生的话轮构建成分比较复杂,患者的比较简单;医生大量使用的是非类问句严重限制了患者的回答；医生经常使用打断方式强制夺取话轮；医生的诊断陈述往往采用简单断言式,很少给予解释和说明。医患互动的过程都由医生进行操控,其决定交际的进程。患者在互动交际中的表现多呈现被动特征,医患双方明显没有达成平等的对话与协商。
第四,就相关建议而言,患者应该积极参与互动过程,掌握不同阶段的交际技巧,变被动为主动,突破医生的限制,尽多可能地陈述自己的观点。同时,我们建议医生在坐诊的过程中不能过分追求自己的技术和效率,而应多关注患者的体验和感受,在语言上少使用限制性较强的问句,多给患者表达机会,以提高其来访的满意度。
文章只着重对宏观结构作了初步前期工作,还有很多问题亟待进一步解决。同时,对医患会话结构的分析,描写多于解释,归纳多于演绎,文章写作的理论深度还不够高,有待下一步继续挖掘。
This article uses the macro overall structure and micro local structure of doctor-patient conversation as the object of study, particularly the former as the most important,The conversation analysis as the main research method, based on the establishment of a small corpus of doctor-patient discourse, through the empirical method,inductive method, comparative method and other methods to comprehensively study the structure of doctor-patient conversation. Finally we try to find the real process of different stages of doctor-patient communication and interaction in details, and through the analysis of the global and local structure try to understand the process, nature, characteristics and the rules of the doctor-patient conversations.And we would like to provide recommended measures to ease tensions in the doctor-patient relationship, and improve the quality of medical services. The main contents are:
The first chapter is the introduction part, mainly introduced the doctor-patient's conversation research status at home and abroad, the significance of this study, the theory and method applied, and the problems to be solved in this paper and the data collection and transcription.
The second chapter is the begins and disease presentations stage of the overall structure of doctor-patient conversation. Firstly we analyzes the partitioning problem of overall structure of doctor-patient sessions, determine how to divide the overall structure. Then we discuss the way of the beginning conversation, it is the inquiry, body movements or no discourse. Then we explore the positioning and the characteristics of problem presentation stage, and the way of the patients' presentation. Finally according to the completion condition of patients' presentation, we advise that patients should master the discourse skills to expand their illness representations at this stage.
The third chapter is the history-taking stage of overall structure of the doctor-patient conversation. A prominent characteristic of this phase is that there is much different types of questions designed by doctors. Through this questions doctors obtain informations of illness and collect data of patients and validate their deductions.This chapter first analyzes the characteristics of doctors question design, such as set agendas, embody presuppositions, convey epistemic stance and incorporate preferences. Then we explore the three principle of doctors' problem design:principle of optimization, problem attentiveness and principle of recipient design. Finally we classify different types of doctor's questions, and discusses the effect or restrictions on patient response it act in interactive practice, and advise doctors how to choose the question type, thus reduce the patients limits, and improve visitor satisfaction.
The fourth chapter is the stage of diagnosis, treatment recommendations and end stage of the overall structure of the doctor-patient conversation. Emphasis on the interactive way of diagnosis stage, namely the doctors' diagnostic statement way and patients' responded way to the doctors' diagnostic statement. And then we discusses the diagnosis style of Chinese doctors, and it is still doctor-centered style which is lack of explanation, discussion and cooperation. Then we analysis the interactive mode of the stage of treatment recommendations between patients and doctors, and then we explore the different performance of doctors' authority and responsibility in the two stages. Finally we analysis the way of the over stage of doctor-patient conversation.
The fifth chapter is the study of adjacent pairs and turn-taking of the microstructure of doctor-patient conversations. Firstly we discuss the main types of adjacent pairs of doctor-patient conversations, and then analysis the adjacent feature in different stages of the whole structure. And then we explore the turn-taking system of doctor-patient conversation, namely turn-construction component and the turn-taking way, finally we summarize the features of turn-taking of doctor-patient conversation.
The sixth chapter is the conclusion part of this paper, mainly summarize the whole content:
First, on the mode of communication, conversation between doctors and patients belongs to typical institutional talk. It has significant discourse characteristics and structure mode which is totally different from Courtroom Conversation, classroom sessions, police interrogation discourse,120emergency calls and other institutional session. This structure model has potential constraints, rules and repeatability. Both doctors and patients in the interactive practice perform their behaviors and according to the rules and patterns understand each other's behaviors. The doctor-patient start with doctors' questions, and end with the farewell after recommendation. The doctor-patient interactional process is not disorder, but there is a order. The doctor-patient conversation structure can reflect the interaction order and social structure, reflect their status and identity in the interaction.
Second, the doctor-patient conversation has a potential whole structure, it can reflect the medical discourse unique features. In the whole structure, each stage has its characteristics, they appeared in different order in the process of interaction, the role of different, different of importance and status, different of deletion possibility, different proportion of time occupancy in the whole structure, different of the doctor authority of power, different of patient autonomy and actively participate degree are also different. In addition, the line between stages is not completely clear, there is often a transition phenomenon. The constitution of the overall structure are closely related the organization's objectives and tasks. The doctor began to question is to give patients opportunity, and doctors can lock range, and do in-depth investigation. History is a collection of data, diagnosis of disease is to give a positive or negative conclusion, treatment recommendations are directed to the communicative goal.
Third, about the medical patient relationship and interactive features, although the doctor-patient have common purpose, but both of them have cooperation,and also conflict and the two sides state is not ideal harmonious, is still in the doctor as the center, and appear asymmetry phenomenon. The doctor opened turn more often, with which patients is less; Turn-construction component of the doctors' turn are more complex, with relatively patients are simple; The use of plenty of yes-no questions severely restrict patients agendas, and doctors often use interruption mode to grasp the turn; The diagnostic statements which doctors often uses simple are assertions, and they rarely explain and describe to it. In short, in doctor-patient interaction, doctors often control the communication process, and the act of patients are often passive response, the two sides did not reach an equal dialogue and consultation.
Fourth, about advice, patients should be actively involved in the interaction process, master the communication skills of different stages, and change from passive to active, break the doctor restrictions, as much as possible to express their opinions. At the same time, we suggest that doctors cannot excessive pursuit of their own technology and efficiency in the diagnosis process, and should pay more attention to patients' experiences and feelings, in the language of less using restrictive questions, and give patients more expression opportunities, and improve the visitors' satisfaction.
This paper just focuses on the overall structure and made a preliminary preparatory work, there are still many problems to be solved. At the same time, the analysis of doctor-patient's conversation, and description is more description than explanation, induction than deduction, the depth of the theory of writing is not high enough, to be next to continue mining.
第一章是引言部分,主要介绍了医患会话的国内外研究现状、本文研究的意义、运用的理论及方法、本文拟解决的问题和语料的搜集与转写等。
第二章是医患会话整体结构中的开头及病情陈述阶段,首先分析了医患会话整体结构构成阶段的划分问题,确定该整体结构应如何划分。然后,探讨了医患会话开头的方式,是询问式,还是无话语的肢体动作式。接着探究了病情陈述的阶段定位、特点以及患者陈述病情的方式等问题。最后就患者在医疗实践中病情陈述的完成情况,建议患者如何在本阶段掌握话语技巧,扩展自己的病情陈述。
第三章是医患会话整体结构中的病史询问阶段,该阶段的一个突出特征就是医生设计不同类型的问句,通过这些问句医生获取患者疾病信息、搜集数据和验证推断。因此本章首先分析了医生问题设计的特点,如设定议程、体现预设、传达认知立场和融入优选。然后探究医生问题设计的三原则,乐观原则、问题关注原则和接受者设计原则。最后对本阶段医生设计的问句进行分类,探讨了互动实践中不同类型的问句对患者反应的影响或限制问题,并建议医生如何选择问句类型,从而减少对患者的限制,以提高来访满意度。
第四章是医患会话整体结构的诊断、治疗建议与结束阶段。重点考察了诊断阶段的医患互动方式,即医生给出诊断陈述的方式和患者对医生诊断陈述的反应方式。然后探讨了我国医生的诊断风格,仍然是缺少解释的、商讨与合作的、以医生为中心的风格。接着分析了治疗建议阶段医患双方的互动方式,然后探究了医生的权威与责任在这两个阶段中不同的体现。最后考察了医患会话结束阶段所采用的方式。
第五章是医患会话微观结构中的相邻对和话轮转换。首先探讨了医患会话中相邻对的主要类型,接着分析了整体结构中不同阶段的相邻对特征。然后探究了医患会话的话轮转换机制,即话轮的构建成分和话轮的转换方式,最后总结了医患会话话轮转换的特征。
第六章是本文的结语部分,主要对全文内容进行总结：
第一,就医疗机构话语而言,医患会话属于十分典型的机构性会话,它有着区别于庭审会话、师生课堂会话、警察讯问话语、120急救电话等其他机构性会话的话语特征和结构模式。该机构性话语的结构模式具有潜在的约束性、规则性和可重复性。医患双方在实践中的互动就是按照这样的规则和模式实施自己的行为和理解对方的行为。医患会话以医生的打招呼询问为起点,以治疗建议结束后的告别为终点,这中间的医患互动过程不是杂乱无章的,而是存在一定顺序的互动秩序。医患会话的机构性任务就是通过互动秩序完成的,而且互动秩序是真实医患交际过程的再现。医患会话结构可以反映互动秩序和社会结构,体现双方在互动中的地位和身份。
第二,就结构特征而言,医患会话有一个潜在的完整整体结构,它能体现医疗机构性话语的独有特征。在整体结构中,每个阶段各有自己突出的特征,它们在互动过程中出现的顺序不同,所起的作用不同,重要性与地位不同,可缺失的可能性不同,在整体结构中占有的时间比例不同,医生权威的体现程度不同,患者的权力自主性不同,参与的积极程度也不同。另外,阶段之间的界线并非截然明了,常有过渡现象的出现。整体结构的构成与该机构的目的性和任务性息息相关。医生开头问题是给患者机会,让其初步提供病症状况,使医生能锁定病症范围,并做深入调查。病史询问是搜集数据,诊断是对疾病给出肯定或否定结论,治疗建议更是直接指向交际目标。
第三,就医患关系与互动特点而言,医患关系是机构化的角色关系。虽然医患交际的目的一致,但是两者既有合作,又有冲突,双方关系并不是理想的和谐状态,依然是以医生为中心,体现出明显不对称的现象。例如,医生开启的话轮较多,患者的较少；医生的话轮构建成分比较复杂,患者的比较简单;医生大量使用的是非类问句严重限制了患者的回答；医生经常使用打断方式强制夺取话轮；医生的诊断陈述往往采用简单断言式,很少给予解释和说明。医患互动的过程都由医生进行操控,其决定交际的进程。患者在互动交际中的表现多呈现被动特征,医患双方明显没有达成平等的对话与协商。
第四,就相关建议而言,患者应该积极参与互动过程,掌握不同阶段的交际技巧,变被动为主动,突破医生的限制,尽多可能地陈述自己的观点。同时,我们建议医生在坐诊的过程中不能过分追求自己的技术和效率,而应多关注患者的体验和感受,在语言上少使用限制性较强的问句,多给患者表达机会,以提高其来访的满意度。
文章只着重对宏观结构作了初步前期工作,还有很多问题亟待进一步解决。同时,对医患会话结构的分析,描写多于解释,归纳多于演绎,文章写作的理论深度还不够高,有待下一步继续挖掘。
This article uses the macro overall structure and micro local structure of doctor-patient conversation as the object of study, particularly the former as the most important,The conversation analysis as the main research method, based on the establishment of a small corpus of doctor-patient discourse, through the empirical method,inductive method, comparative method and other methods to comprehensively study the structure of doctor-patient conversation. Finally we try to find the real process of different stages of doctor-patient communication and interaction in details, and through the analysis of the global and local structure try to understand the process, nature, characteristics and the rules of the doctor-patient conversations.And we would like to provide recommended measures to ease tensions in the doctor-patient relationship, and improve the quality of medical services. The main contents are:
The first chapter is the introduction part, mainly introduced the doctor-patient's conversation research status at home and abroad, the significance of this study, the theory and method applied, and the problems to be solved in this paper and the data collection and transcription.
The second chapter is the begins and disease presentations stage of the overall structure of doctor-patient conversation. Firstly we analyzes the partitioning problem of overall structure of doctor-patient sessions, determine how to divide the overall structure. Then we discuss the way of the beginning conversation, it is the inquiry, body movements or no discourse. Then we explore the positioning and the characteristics of problem presentation stage, and the way of the patients' presentation. Finally according to the completion condition of patients' presentation, we advise that patients should master the discourse skills to expand their illness representations at this stage.
The third chapter is the history-taking stage of overall structure of the doctor-patient conversation. A prominent characteristic of this phase is that there is much different types of questions designed by doctors. Through this questions doctors obtain informations of illness and collect data of patients and validate their deductions.This chapter first analyzes the characteristics of doctors question design, such as set agendas, embody presuppositions, convey epistemic stance and incorporate preferences. Then we explore the three principle of doctors' problem design:principle of optimization, problem attentiveness and principle of recipient design. Finally we classify different types of doctor's questions, and discusses the effect or restrictions on patient response it act in interactive practice, and advise doctors how to choose the question type, thus reduce the patients limits, and improve visitor satisfaction.
The fourth chapter is the stage of diagnosis, treatment recommendations and end stage of the overall structure of the doctor-patient conversation. Emphasis on the interactive way of diagnosis stage, namely the doctors' diagnostic statement way and patients' responded way to the doctors' diagnostic statement. And then we discusses the diagnosis style of Chinese doctors, and it is still doctor-centered style which is lack of explanation, discussion and cooperation. Then we analysis the interactive mode of the stage of treatment recommendations between patients and doctors, and then we explore the different performance of doctors' authority and responsibility in the two stages. Finally we analysis the way of the over stage of doctor-patient conversation.
The fifth chapter is the study of adjacent pairs and turn-taking of the microstructure of doctor-patient conversations. Firstly we discuss the main types of adjacent pairs of doctor-patient conversations, and then analysis the adjacent feature in different stages of the whole structure. And then we explore the turn-taking system of doctor-patient conversation, namely turn-construction component and the turn-taking way, finally we summarize the features of turn-taking of doctor-patient conversation.
The sixth chapter is the conclusion part of this paper, mainly summarize the whole content:
First, on the mode of communication, conversation between doctors and patients belongs to typical institutional talk. It has significant discourse characteristics and structure mode which is totally different from Courtroom Conversation, classroom sessions, police interrogation discourse,120emergency calls and other institutional session. This structure model has potential constraints, rules and repeatability. Both doctors and patients in the interactive practice perform their behaviors and according to the rules and patterns understand each other's behaviors. The doctor-patient start with doctors' questions, and end with the farewell after recommendation. The doctor-patient interactional process is not disorder, but there is a order. The doctor-patient conversation structure can reflect the interaction order and social structure, reflect their status and identity in the interaction.
Second, the doctor-patient conversation has a potential whole structure, it can reflect the medical discourse unique features. In the whole structure, each stage has its characteristics, they appeared in different order in the process of interaction, the role of different, different of importance and status, different of deletion possibility, different proportion of time occupancy in the whole structure, different of the doctor authority of power, different of patient autonomy and actively participate degree are also different. In addition, the line between stages is not completely clear, there is often a transition phenomenon. The constitution of the overall structure are closely related the organization's objectives and tasks. The doctor began to question is to give patients opportunity, and doctors can lock range, and do in-depth investigation. History is a collection of data, diagnosis of disease is to give a positive or negative conclusion, treatment recommendations are directed to the communicative goal.
Third, about the medical patient relationship and interactive features, although the doctor-patient have common purpose, but both of them have cooperation,and also conflict and the two sides state is not ideal harmonious, is still in the doctor as the center, and appear asymmetry phenomenon. The doctor opened turn more often, with which patients is less; Turn-construction component of the doctors' turn are more complex, with relatively patients are simple; The use of plenty of yes-no questions severely restrict patients agendas, and doctors often use interruption mode to grasp the turn; The diagnostic statements which doctors often uses simple are assertions, and they rarely explain and describe to it. In short, in doctor-patient interaction, doctors often control the communication process, and the act of patients are often passive response, the two sides did not reach an equal dialogue and consultation.
Fourth, about advice, patients should be actively involved in the interaction process, master the communication skills of different stages, and change from passive to active, break the doctor restrictions, as much as possible to express their opinions. At the same time, we suggest that doctors cannot excessive pursuit of their own technology and efficiency in the diagnosis process, and should pay more attention to patients' experiences and feelings, in the language of less using restrictive questions, and give patients more expression opportunities, and improve the visitors' satisfaction.
This paper just focuses on the overall structure and made a preliminary preparatory work, there are still many problems to be solved. At the same time, the analysis of doctor-patient's conversation, and description is more description than explanation, induction than deduction, the depth of the theory of writing is not high enough, to be next to continue mining.
引文
[1]艾四林.哈贝马斯交往理论评析[J].清华大学学报,1995,(3)：11-18.
[2]陈海庆,李慧帧.言语行为视阈下医患会话权势不对等关系探析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2011(4)：89-94.
[3]陈海庆,郭霄楠.医患语篇的会话模式分析[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2011(1)：115-118.
[4]崔国鑫.会话分析的语用研究[J].外语学刊,2009,(3)：79-82.
[5]陈阳.电视剧生产的话语立场及其类型化发展[J].江汉论坛,2004,(5)：139-141.
[6]陈安媛.门诊交际中敏感话题的会话分析[D].山西大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[7]陈丽江.中国的批评语言学研究综观[J].外语教学,2006,(6)：31-35.
[8]成晓光.作为研究方法的话语分析——评《话语分析》[J].外语教学与研究,2006,(2)：151-153.
[9]常敬宇.委婉表达法的语用功能与对外汉语教学[J].语言教学与研究,2000,(3)：32-36.
[10]代树兰.话语角色研究的缘起与进展[J].外语学刊,2008,(5)：63-68.
[11]段丽杰,温仁百.德国语言学会话分析研究综述[J].西安外国语大学学报,2008,(4)：27-31.
[12]杜福兴.评关联理论的主要贡献[J].外语学刊,2011,(6)：55-58.
[13]丁辉.汉语内科门诊医患对话中的修正研究[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[14]方安安.儒法结合创建新型医患关系[J].医学与哲学,2011,(6)：34-35.
[15]付洋,尹梅.浅析哈贝马斯交往行动理论对重构医患关系的启示[J].医学与哲学,2011,(6)：29-30.
[16]高丽.社会语言学视角下的医患关系[J].中国高等医学教育,2010,(11)：120-121.
[17]顾曰国.顾曰国语言学海外自选集[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2010.
[18]关敬英,韦汉.附加疑问句在医患门诊沟通中的语用功能探究[J].伊利师范学院学报,2007,(4)：86-90.
[19]高杰,陈旭红,徐赳赳.话语分析面面观评介[J].当代语言学,2011,13(3)：262-265.
[20]高萍.冲突性话语结束方式研究[J].延边教育学院学报,2007,(5)：14-17.
[21]高燕.医患交流中医生话语对病患注意力影响的实证研究[D].西南大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[22]龚卫东,吴雪燕.英汉会话语篇中话轮沉默的认知解读[J].外语与外语教学,2003,(12)：25-28.
[23]郭霄楠.医患交际语篇的动态性研究——基于汉语医患对话的实证研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[24]郭松,田海龙.语境研究：从社会语言学到批评话语分析[J].外语学刊,2011,(6)：74-77.
[25]黄国文.语篇分析概要[M].湖南：湖南教育出版社,1988.
[26]黄国文.语篇分析与话语分析[J].外语与外语教学,2006,(10)：1-6.
[27]胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,1994.
[28]胡东平,易来宾.话语分析：反思与建构[J].外语学刊,2009,(1)：95-97.
[29]何兆熊.语用学概要[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,1989.
[30]何兆熊.新编语用学概要[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2000.
[31]贾正传.话语语言学的主要分支及其发展趋势[J].烟台师范学院学报,1997,(2)：60-63.
[32]姜望琪.当代语用学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2003.
[33]姜学林.医疗语言学初论[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社,1998.
[34]江兆盈.从会话分析的角度研究医患话语中性别差异的体现[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[35]靳雅姝.现代汉语疑问句对会话结构的结构形态制约[J].鸡西大学学报,2007,(5)：80-81.
[36]金燕.中国医患关系研究：从话语角度分析医患对话的言语特征[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[37]柯贤兵,廖美珍.法庭调解话语博弈交际研究[J].外语学刊,2011,(5)：70-75.
[38]孔庆成.委婉语言现象的立体透视[J].外国语,1993,(2)：26-30.
[39]廖美珍.话语分析导论：理论与方法[J].当代语言学,2001,(3)：232-236.
[40]廖美珍.问答：法庭话语互动研究[D].中国社会科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2002.
[41]廖美珍.法庭审判话语框架分析[J].当代修辞学,2012,(6)：83-91.
[42]廖美珍.目的原则和言语行为互动研究[J].外语学刊,2012,(5)：23-30.
[43]廖美珍.“目的原则”与目的分析(下)——语用话语分析新途径[J].修辞学习,2005,(4)：5-11.
[44]廖美珍.中国法庭互动话语formulation现象研究[J].外语研究,2006,(2)：1-8.
[45]廖益清.批评话语分析综述[J].集美大学学报,2000,(1)：76-82.
[46]梁婷.美国医生和患者对话的会话分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[47]梁雪清.医生-病人对话中委婉语的礼貌研究[D].广西师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[48]梁雪清.医患对话中医生语言的语用分析[J].华夏医学,2011,(6)：723-725.
[49]吕叔湘.疑问.否定.肯定[J].中国语文,1985,(4).
[50]刘兴兵,刘琴,邵艳,廖美珍.构建医患会话的合作原则[J].医学与哲学,2007,(3)：41-42.
[51]刘兴兵,刘琴,邵艳.中国当代医患会话研究综述[J].中国社会医学杂志,2008,(1)：4-6.
[52]刘兴兵.中国医患门诊会话的语用研究[D].华中师范大学博士学位论文,2008.
[53]刘兴兵.医患门诊互动中的目的与权势[J].外语学刊,2009,(4)：73-76.
[54]刘兴兵.中国医患门诊会话的语用研究[D].华中师范大学博士学位论文,2008.
[55]刘兴兵,刘琴,邵艳.中国当代医患会话研究综述[J].中国社会医学杂志,2008,(1)：4-6.
[56]刘兴兵,刘琴,邵艳,廖美珍.构建医患会话的合作原则[J].医学与哲学,2007,(3)：41-42.
[57]刘虹.会话结构分析[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2004.
[58]刘运同.会话分析概要[M].上海：学林出版社,2007.
[59]刘娜.中美电视谈话节目会话结构的对比分析[D].山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[60]刘芳.医生患者对话中对称和不对称分析[D].对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[61]林琳.谈话类节目会话机制研究[D].华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[62]林裕文.谈疑问句[J].中国语文,1985(2)
[63]李悦娥,范宏雅.话语分析[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2002.
[64]李秀.电视新闻访谈之会话结构特征研究——以美国哥伦比亚广播公司“60分钟”节目为例[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[65]李治平.非打断性话元转换动力模型与篇章研究[J].语言文字应用,2005(4)：45-51.
[66]李治平.会话结构与连贯度等级[J].语言文字应用,2007,(2)：50-58.
[67]李治平.汉语会话结构及转换机制研究[D].四川师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[68]李发根,刘明.批评话语分析模式探析[J].外语与外语教学,2008,(8)：18-20.
[69]李亚明.中国第一部话语分析译著——《话语.心理.社会》[J].外语教学,1995,(4)：92-94.
[70]雷蓓蓓.对中国医患对话中模糊限制语的语用研究[D].河南科技大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[71]雷蓓蓓,张发祥.中国医患对话中模糊限制语语用研究[J].赤峰学院学报,2009,(11)：110-111.
[72]罗纳德.沃德华著、雷洪波译.社会语言学引论(第五版)[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2009.
[73]罗耀华,周晨磊,裴亚军.无领导小组讨论中的打断研究[J].语言文字应用,2012,(1)：100-108.
[74]卢星辰.医患对话的会话分析[D].山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[75]卢星辰,卢海威.医患对话的话语结构特征分析[J].中国校外教育,2011,(8)：123.
[76]陆俭明.由“非疑问形式+呢”造成的疑问句[J].中国语文,1982,(6)
[77]刘运同.交际中的序列结构评介[J].现代外语,2012,(1)：88-91.
[78]玛丽.塔尔博特著,艾晓明译.语言与社会性别导论[M].武汉：华中师范大学出版社,2004.
[79]马菊花.医患言语交际得体性研究[D].华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[80]马文.会话局部结构与指称阻碍的产生及修正[J].外语教学,2007,(1)：10-15.
[81]马文.会话篇章中指称表达的选择与阐释[J].外国语,2004,(5)：34-40.
[82]马文.会话照应修正的认知可及性分析[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2002,(6)：5-8.
[83]马文.会话照应修正的语用阐释[J].四川外语学院学报,2003,(6)：87-90.
[84]马文.会话中的指称合作原则及其运作[J].外语教学,2009,(3)：29-33.
[85]马文.会话中人称代指语的优选原则[J].外国语,2011,(2)：14-22.
[86]马文.戏剧会话中的照应修正研究[J].当代语言学,2008,(1)：62-72.
[87]马博森.话语分析及其方法(概述)[J].外语与外语教学,1999,(3)：11-14.
[88]孟建刚.关于批评关联理论的几个问题[J].外语与外语教学,2002,(11)：13-15.
[89]彭文钊.委婉语——社会文化域的语言映射[J].外国语,1999,(1)：66-79.
[90]彭红.医患博弈及其沟通调适[D].中南大学博士学位论文,2008.
[91]皮亚杰著,倪连生,王琳译.结构主义[M].北京：商务印书馆,2010.
[92]钱冠连.汉语文化语用学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997.
[93]冉永平.语用学：现象与分析[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2003.
[94]冉永平.认知语用学的焦点问题探索[J].现代外语,2002,(1)：48-60.
[95]苏伟.从“传声筒”到医患关系的协调者——一项针对医疗译员角色的实证研究[J].外语研究,2010,(5)：84-88.
[96]索振羽.语用学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2004.
[97]施旭.当代中国话语研究[M].浙江：浙江大学出版社,2009.
[98]施旭.文化话语研究[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2010.
[99]施光.法庭审判话语的批评性研究[D].南京师范大学博士学位论文,2008.
[100]施光.批评话语分析研究综述[J].学术论坛,2007,(4)：202-205.
[101]施琳玲,陈霖,张涛.网络空间医患话语权失衡现象的探讨[J].医学与哲学,2011,(5)：78-79.
[102]史磊.医患会话特征研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[103]单胜江.新闻语篇的批评性话语分析[J].外语学刊,2011,(6)：78-81.
[104]邵敬敏.现代汉语疑问句研究[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,1996.
[105]沈蔚.会话修正研究在国外[J].外语学刊,2005,(4)：38-42.
[106]唐丽萍.语料库语言学在批评话语分析中的作为空间[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2011,(4)：43-49.
[107]吴建刚.论批评话语分析[J].华中师范大学学报,2002,41(3)：42-48.
[108]吴月华.课堂提问与课堂话语结构分析[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2008,(11)：76-77.
[109]武宜金.门诊医患会话患者应答语信息过量的语用研究[D].湖南工业大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[110]武建国,谢洪.批判性话语分析的新成果-—Fairclough《分析话语》评介[J].现代外语,2004,(4)：432-435.
[111]夏丹,廖美珍.民事审判话语中人称指示语的变异与身份的构建[J].华中师范大学学报,2012,(2)：119-124.
[112]辛斌.批评语言学：理论与运用[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2005.
[113]辛斌.批评性语篇分析方法论[J].外国语,2002,(6)：34-41.
[114]王静.CCTV电视谈话节目的会话分析[D].黑龙江硕士学位论文,2008.
[115]王丹,曾庆花.会话者的权势及等同关系及其话语结构的微观建构[J].外语学刊,2005,(2)：54-57.
[116]王晋军.会话中问句的批评性分析[D].厦门大学博士学位论文,2004.
[117]王晋军.医生和病人会话中的问句与权势关系[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2002,(5)：10-14.
[118]王昌米.话语分析的三个新视角[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2010,(4)：69-71.
[119]王春.技术条件下的会话结构研究——以网络聊天室为例[D].华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[120]王晓军.会话行为——互动、身份与机构评介[J].现代外语,2011,(4)：430-432.
[121]王泽霞,杨忠.费尔克劳话语三维模式解读与思考[J].外语研究,2008,(3)：9-13.
[122]王凤才.哈贝马斯交往行为理论述评[J].理论学刊,2003,(5)：38-41.
[123]王宏军.会话结构的语用研究方法书评[J].天津外国语学院学报,2006,(5)：67-71.
[124]项成东.言语行为理论在会话分析中的运用及存在的问题[J].外语与外语教学,2006,(3)：11-14.
[125]项成东.互相理解的会话机制及其语用逻辑[J].四川外语学院学报,2006,(3)：59-64.
[126]谢刚.医患对话中的模糊语言语用功能研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[127]徐赳赳.话语分析二十年[J].外语教学与研究,1995,(1)：14-20.
[128]徐赳赳Van Dijk的话语观[J].外语教学与研究,2005,37(5)：358-361.
[129]徐杰,张林林.疑问程度和疑问句式[J].江西师范大学学报,1985,(2)：71-79.
[130]许余龙.话语语用结构对比刍议[J].外国语,1991,(6)：46-49.
[131]熊沐清.话语分析的整合性研究构想[J].天津外国语学院学报,2001,(1)：15-19.
[132]夏丹,廖美珍.民事审判话语中人称指示语的变异与身份构建[J].华中师范大学学报,2012,(2)119-124.
[133]严辰松,高航.国外语用学20年：回顾与前瞻[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2003,(1)：1-5.
[134]姚双云.话语中的立场表达：主观性、评价与互动评介[J].外语教学与研究,2011,(1)：145-148.
[135]杨晓梅.会话的社会语言学分析[D].曲阜师范大学硕士学位论文,2000.
[136]杨石乔.汉语医患会话修正引导位置研究[J].大庆师范学院学报,2011,(5)：91-93.
[137]杨石乔.基于语料库的汉语医患会话修正研究[D].上海外国语大学博士学位论文,2010.
[138]杨石乔.基于语料库的医患第二人称单数指示语对比研究[J].大理学院学报,2011,(9)： 25-29.
[139]杨石乔.强势与弱势的较量——《掷铁饼者》中“沉默”的意义阐释[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2008,(8)：47-52.
[140]杨莉萍.心理学中话语分析的立场与方法[J].心理科学进展,2007(3)：532-538.
[141]严明.话语分析的基础：话语共同体[J].外语学刊,2009(4)：100-102.
[142]于国栋.会话分析[M].上海：上海外语教学出版社,2008.
[143]于国栋.产前检查中建议序列的会话分析研究[J].外国语,2009(1)：58-62.
[144]于国栋,王亚峰.话语修正策略的顺应性解释[J].山西大学学报,2011,(6)：15-20.
[145]于国栋.机构性谈话的会话分析研究[J].科学技术哲学研究,2010,(2)：22-25.
[146]于国栋.医患交际中回述的会话分析研究[J].外语教学,2009,(3)：13-19.
[147]于国栋,侯笑盈.医患交际中极致表达的会话分析[J].山西大学学报,2009,(6)：24-28.
[148]于国栋,吴亚欣.语言和性别：差异与共性并重[J].外语教学,2002,(2)：24-28.
[149]于国栋.支持性言语反馈的会话分析[J].外国语,2003,(5):23-29.
[150]于晖.会话结构探微[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2002,25(6)：13-16.
[151]俞东明.会话活动类型的语用研究与跨文化交际[J].外国语,1999,(5)：14-19.
[152]叶宁.警察询问话语——基于语类整体观的研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2010.
[153]袁毓林.正反问句及相关的类型学参项[J].中国语文,1993,(2).
[154]袁继红.医患门诊会话中礼貌的语用研究[D].西南大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[155]詹姆斯.保罗.吉著、杨炳钧译.话语分析导论：理论与方法[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2011.
[156]朱永生.话语分析五十年：回顾与展望[J].外国语,2003(3)：43-50.
[157]郑远汉.问对结构[J].语言文字应用,2003,(3)：20-28.
[158]郑欢.程式化不对等：对中国医生与病人的门诊会话分析[D].广东外语外贸大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[159]郑丹.医患对话中问句的批评性研究[D].东北财经大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[160]张咏群.电视谈话节目会话结构分析[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[161]张清.法官庭审话语的实证研究[D].中国政法大学博士学位论文,2009.
[162]曾庆花.课堂会话与日常会话情境会话的结构对比分析[D].东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[163]曾文静.医患会话情态意义的实证研究[D].湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[164]张艺,高云.试论批评话语分析[J].山东社会科学,2011,(4)：124-127.
[165]张海芝.英语会话结构分析及应用价值[J].英语教师,2009,(4)：31-33.
[166]张海燕.医患关系的社会语言学研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[167]张青彦.英语会话结构剖析[J].浙江大学学报,1987,(1)：127-136.
[168]邹云敏.从会话分析的角度研究门诊内科医生的打断研究[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[169]张勇群.电视谈话节目会话结构分析[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[170]张庭国.话轮及话轮转换的交际技巧[J].外语教学,2003,(4)：23-26.
[171]朱永生.话语分析五十年：回顾与展望[J].外国语,2003,(3)：43-50.
[172]朱媛媛.医患会话中医生提问的人际功能研究[D].西南大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[173]祝婉瑾.社会语言学概论[M].长沙：湖南教育出版社,1992.
[174]张伯江.疑问句功能索议[J].中国语文,1997,(2)
[175]Bates,B,L.S.Bickley, and R.A.Hoekelman 1995 Physical Examination and History Taking. Philadephia:Lippincott.
[176]Bates,B,L.S.Bickley, and R.A.Hoekelman 1987 A guide to physical examination and history taking.Lippincott.
[177]Balint, Michael 1957 The Doctor, His Patient, and the Illness. London:Pitman.
[178]Beckman, Howard and Richard M.Frankel 1984 The effect of physician behavior on the collection of the data. Annals of Internal Medicine 101,692-699.
[179]Bissell P, May C, and Noyce P 2004 From Compliance to Compliance:Barriers to Accomplishing a Re-framed Model of Health Care Interactions. Social Science & Medicine 58 (4),851-862.
[180]Bloor, Michael J and Gordon Horobin 1975 Conflict and conflict resolution in doctor-patient interactions. InC. Cox and A.Mead(eds.), A Sociology of Medical Practice. London:Collier Macmillan,271-285.
[181]Boyd, Elizabeth and John Heritage 2006 Taking the history:questioning during comprehensive history taking. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge University Press,151-184.
[182]Bredmar, Margareta and Per Linell 1999 Reconfirming normality:the constitution of reassurance in talks between midwives and ecpectant mothers. In Srikant Sarangi and Celia Roberts(eds.). Talk, Work and Institutional Order:Discourse in Medical, Mediation and Management Settings. Berlin:Mouton DeGruyter,237-270.
[183]Britten, Nicky and Obioha Ukoumunne 1997 The influence of patients' hopes of receiving a prescription on the doctors' perceptions and the decision to prescribe:a questionnaire study. British Medical Journal 315,1506-1510.
[184]Brown, Penelope, Stephen C. Levinson 1987 Politeness:Some Universals in Language Usage. Studies in interactional sociolinguistics. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[185]Byrne, Patrick and Barrie E.L.Long 1976 Doctors talking to Patients:A Study of the Verbal Behaviours of Doctors in the Consultation. London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
[186]Cassell, Eric 1985 Talking with Patients Volume 2:Clinical Technique. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
[187]Cassell, Eric 1997 Doctoring:The Nature of Primary Care Medicine. New York:Oxford University Press.
[188]Charon, Rita, Michele J. Greene, and Ronald D. Adelamn 1994 Multi-dimensional interaction analysis:a collaborative approach to the study of medical discourse. Social Science and Medicine 39(7),955-965.
[189]Cherry, Donald K, David A. Woodwell, and Elizabeth Rechtsteiner 2007 National ambulatory medical care survey:2005 summary. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics 387 (June 29).
[190]Drew, Paul 2006 Mis-alignments in "after-hours"calls to a British GP's practice:a study in telephone medicine. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.)., Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,416-444.
[191]Derjung M. Tarn, John Heritage 2006 Physician Communication When Prescribing New Medications JAMA Internal Medicine 166(17),1855-1862.
[192]Debora A. Paterniti, Tonya L. Fancher,et al.2010 Getting to "No" Strategies Primary Care Physicians Use to Deny Patient Requests, American Medical Association 170(4),381-388.
[193]Edmondson, W.1981 Spoken Discourse:a Model for Analysis. Longman.
[194]Elstein, A. A.,L.S.Shulman, and S.A.Sprafka 1978 Mediccal Problem Solving:An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
[195]Emanuel, Ezckiel J and Linda L. Emanuel 1992 Four models of the physician-patient relationship. Journal of the American Medical Association 267,2221-2227.
[196]Engel,George L.1977 The need for a new medical model:a challenge for biomedicine. Science 196,129-136.
[197]Epstein, Ronald M, Peter Franks, Kevin Fiscella, Cleveland G. Shields, Sean C. Meldrum, Richard L. Kravitz, and Paul R. Duberstein 2005 Measuring patient-centred communication in patient-physician consultations:theoretical and practical issues. Social Science and Medicine 61,1516-1528.
[198]Enfield, N.J.and Stephen C. Levinson(eds.) 2006 Roots of Human Sociality:Culture, Cognition, and Interaction. London:Berg.
[199]Fisher, sue and Alexandra Todd(eds.) 1993 The Social Organization of Doctor-Patient Communication. Norwood, NJ:Ablex.
[200]Freidson, Eliot 1986 Profession of Medicine:A Study of the Institutionalization of Formal Knowledge. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
[201]Frosch, Dominick L, and Robert M. Kaplan 1999. Shared decision making in clinical medicine: Past research and future directions. Americal Journal of Preventive Medicine 27(11), 1139-1145.
[202]Goodwin, Charles and John Heritage 1990 Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology 19,283-307.
[203]Georges Wagnieres and Van den Bergh 1998 Clinical Evaluation of the Cutaneous Phototoxicity of 5,10,15,20-Tetra (m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin. Photochemistry and Photobiology 68(3),382-387.
[204]Goffman, Erving 1983b The interaction order. American Sociological Review 48,1-17.
[205]Goffman, Erving 1959 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY:Doubleday.
[206]Gu Yueguo 1996 Doctor-patient Interaction as Goal-Directed Discourse in Chinese Socioculture Context. Journal of Pacific Communication7(3),156-176.
[207]Gu Yueguo 1997 Five Ways of Handling a Bedpan-A Tripartite Approach to Workplace Discourse.Text 17(4),457-475.
[208]Gu Yueguo 1999 Towards a Model of Situated Discourse Analysis.In K.Turner(eds.) The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface. New York:Elsevier Science Ltd,149-178.
[209]Halkowski, Timothy 2006 Realizing the illness:patients' narratives of symptom discovery. In J. Heritage and D. Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,86-114.
[210]Hampton, J. R, M. J. Harrison, J. R. Mitchell, J. S. Prichard, and C. Seymour 1975 Relative contributions of history-taking, phycial examination, and laboratory investigation to diagnosis and management of medical outpatients. British Medical Journal 2(5969),486-489.
[211]Hardey M (1999) Doctor in the House:The Interaction as a Source of Lay Health Knowledge and the Challege to Expertise. Sociology of Health & Illness 21(6),820-835.
[212]Heath, Christian 1989 Pain talk:the expression of suffering in the medical consultation. Social Psychology Quarterly 52(2),113-125.
[213]Heath, Christian 1992 The delivery and reception of diagnosis and assessment in the general practice consultation. In Paul Drew and John Heritage(eds.), Talk at Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,235-267.
[214]Heritage, John 2002a Ad hoc inquiries:two preferences in the design of "routine" question in an open context. In Douglas Maynard et al.(eds.), Standardization and Tacit Knowledge: Interaction and Practice in the Survey Interview. New York:Wiley Interscience,313-333.
[215]Heritage, John 1984a A change-of-state token and aspects of its sequential placement. In J. Maxwell Atkinson and John Heritage(eds.), Structures of Social Action. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,299-345.
[216]Heritage, John 2002b The limits of questioning:negative interrogatives and hostile question content. Journal of Pragmatics 34(10-11),1427-1446.
[217]Heritage, John 2009 Negotiating the legitimacy of medical problems:a multi-phase concern for parients and physicians. In Dale Brashers and Deana Goldsmith(eds.), Communicating to Manage Health and Illness. New York:Routledge,147-164.
[218]Heritage, John 2010 Questioning in medicine.In Alice F. Freed and Susan Ehrlich(eds.), "Why do you ask?" The Function of Questions in Institutional Discourse. New York:Oxford University Press,42-68.
[219]Heritage, John and Anna Lindstrom 1998 Motherhood, medicine and morality:scenes from a medical encounter. Research on Language and Social Interaction 31,397-438.
[220]Heritage, John and Douglas Maynard (eds.),2006a Communication in Medical Care: Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[221]Heritage, John and Douglas W. Maynard (eds.),2006b Problems and prospects in the study of physician-patient interaction:30 years of research. Annual Review of Sociology 32,351-374.
[222]Heritage, John and Jeffery Robinson 2006a Accounting for the visit:patients' reasons for seeking medical care. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard (eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,48-85.
[223]Heritage, John and Jeffery Robinson 2006b The structure of patients' presenting concerns: physicians' opening questings. Health Communication 19(2),89-102.
[224]Heritage, John and Steven Clayman 2010 Talk in action:Interactions, Idendities, and Institutions. WILEY-BLACKWELL.
[225]Heritage, John 2005 Conversation analysis and institutioonal talk. In Kristine Fitch and Robert Sanders(eds.), Handbook of language and Social Interaction. Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
[226]Heritage, John, Jeffery Robinson, Marc Elliott, Megan Beckett, and Michael Wilkes 2007 Reducing patients' unmet concerns:the difference one word can make. Journal of General Internal Medicine 22,1429-1433.
[227]Heritage, John 2011 Conversation analysis:practices and methods. In David Silverman(eds.), Qualitative research, Mixed Sources.
[228]Heritage, John and Sue Sefi 1992 Dilemmas of advice:apects of the delivery and reception of advice in interactions between health visitors and first time mothers. In Paul Drew and John Heritage(eds.), Talk at Work. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,359-417.
[229]Heritage, John and Tanya Stivers 1999 Online commentary in acute medical visits:a method of shaping patient expectations. Social Science and Medicine 49,1501-1517.
[230]Heritage, John and Marja-Leena Sorjonen 1994. Constituting and maintianing activities across sequences:and-prefacing as a feature of question design. Language in Society 23,1-29.
[231]Heritage, John 2011 The interaction order and clinical practice:Some observations on dysfunctions and action steps, Patient Education and Counseling 84(3),338-343.
[232]Kassirer, J.P. And G.A. Gorry 1978 Clinical problem solving:a behavioral analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine 89,245-255.
[233]Kleinman, Arthur 1988 The Illness Narratives:suffering, Healing and the Human Condition. New York:Basic Books.
[234]Korsch, Barbara M. And Vida F. Negrete 1972 Doctor-patient communication. Scientific American 227,66-74.
[235]Kravitz,R.L et.al 2005 Influence of patients'requests for direct-to-consumer advertised antidepressants:a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 293,1995-2002.
[236]Labov, William and David Fanshel 1977 Therapeutic Discourse:Psychotherapy as Conversation. New York:Academic Press.
[237]Levinson, Stephen C.2000 Presumptive Meanings:The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
[238]Levinson 1987 Pragmatics. Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity Press.
[239]Ljas-Kallio Taru, Johanna Ruusuvuori, Anssi Perakyla 2010 Patient resistance towards diagnosis in primary care:Implications for concordance. Health 14(5),505-522.
[240]Light, Donald W.2000 The medical profession and organizational change:from professional dominance to countervailing power. In Chloe E. Bird et al(eds.), Handbook of Medica Sociology. Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall,201-216.
[241]Linell, Per and Margareta Bredmar 1996 Reconstructing topical sensitivity:aspects of face-book in talks between midwives and expectant mothers. Research on Language and Social Interaction 29(4),347-379.
[242]Mainous, A. G, R. J. Zoorob, M.J.Oler, and D.M. Haynes 1997 Patient knowledge of upper respiratory infections:implications for antibiotic expectations and unnecessary utilization. Journal of Family Practice 45(1),75-83.
[243]Mangione-Smith, Rita, Marc N. Elliott, Tanya Stivers, Laurie L. McDonald, and John Heritage 2006 Ruling out the need for antibiotics:are we sending the right message? Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 160,945-952.
[244]Mangione-Smith, Rita, Elizabeth McGlynn, Marc N. Elliott, Paul Krogstad, and Robert H. Brook 1999 The relationship between perceived parental expectations and pediatrician antimicrobial prescribing behavior. Pediatrics 103(4),711-718.
[245]Mangione-Smith, Rita, Tanya Stivers, Marc Elliott, Laurie McDonald, and John Heritage 2003 Online commentary during the physical examination:a communication tool for avoiding inappropriate prescribing? Social Science and Medicine 56,313-320.
[246]Marvel, M, Kim, Ronald M. Epstein, Kristine Flowers, and Howard B. Beckman 1999 Soliciting the patient's agenda:have we improved? Journal of the American Medical Association 281(3),283-287.
[247]Maynard, Douglas W 2003 Bad News, Good News:Conversational Order in Everyday Talk and Clinical Settings. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
[248]Maynard, Douglas W 1992 On Clinicians Coimplicating Recipients' Perspective in the Delivery of Diagnostic News. In:Drew P, Heritage J(eds) Talk at work:Interaction in Institutional Settings. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,331-358.
[249]Mechanic, David 1972 Public expectations and health care:essays on the changing organization of health services. New York:Wiley-Interscience.
[250]Mckinlay, John B. and Lisa D. Marceau 2002 The need of the golden age of doctoring. International Journal of Health Services 32(2),379-416.
[251]Mckinley, R.K. And J.F. Middleton 1999 What do patients want from doctors? Content analysis of written patient agendas for the consultation. British Journal of General Practice 49, 796-800.
[252]McWhinney, I.1989. The need for a transformed clinical method. In M. Stewart and D. Roter(eds.), Communicating wih Medical Patients. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
[253]Mead, Nicola and Peter Bower 2000 Patient centredness:a conceptual framework and review of the empirical literature. Social Science and Medicine 51,1087-1110.
[254]Misher, Elliot 1984 The Discourse of Medicine:Dialectics of Medical Interviews. Norwood, NJ:Ablex.
[255]Orth, J.J,W.B. Stiles, L. Scherwitz, D. Hennrikus, and C. Vallbona 1987 Patient exposition and provider explanation in routine interviews and hypertensive patients'blood pressure control. Health Psychology 6,29-42.
[256]Parisi D, Castelfranchi C 1981 A goal analysis of some pragmatic aspects of language. Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics,551-567.
[257]Parsons,Talcott 1951. The Social System. New York:Free Press.
[258]Perakyla, Anssi 1995 AIDS Counselling:Institutional Interaction and Clinical Practice. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[259]Perakyla, Anssi 1998 Authority and accountability:the delivery of diagnosis in primary health care. Social Psychology Quarterly 61(4),301-320.
[260]Perakyla, Anssi 2002 Agency and authority:extended responses to diagnostic statements in primary care encounters. Reaserach on Language and Social Interaction 35(2),219-247.
[261]Perakyla, Anssi 2006 Communicating and responding to diagnosis. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,214-247.
[262]Raymond, Geoffery 2003 Grammar and social organization:yes/no interrogatives and the structure of responding. American Sociological Review 68,939-967.
[263]Raymond, Geoffery 2010 Grammar and social relations:alternative forms of yes/no-type initiating actions in health visitor interactions. In Alice F. Freed and Susan Ehrlich(eds.), "Why Do You Ask?" The Function of Questions in Institutional Discourse. New York:Oxford University Press,87-107.
[264]Richards, J. C.& Schmidt, R. W.1983 Conversational analysis. In Richards, J C and Schmidt, R.W.(eds.) Language and communication,117-154.
[265]Robinson, Jeffery D.1998 Getting down to business:talk, gaze, and body orientation during openings of doctor-patient consultations. Human Communication Research 25(1),97-123.
[266]Robinson, Jeffery D.2003 An interactional structure of medical activities during acute visits and its implications for patients'participation. Health Communication 15(1),27-57.
[267]Robinson, Jeffery D.2006 Soliciting patients'presenting concerns. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,22-47.
[268]Robinson, Jeffery D. and John Heritage 2005 The structure of patients' presenting concerns:the completion relevance of current symptoms. Social Science and Medicine 61,481-493.
[269]Robinson, Jeffery D. and John Heritage 2006 The Structure of Patients' Presenting Concerns: Physicians' Opening Questions. Health Communication 19(2),89-102.
[270]Robinson, Jeffery D. and Tanya Stivers 2001 Achieving activity transitions in primary-care encounters:from history taking to physical examination. Human Communication Research 27(2),253-298.
[271]Roter,Debra and Judith Hall 2006 Doctors Talking with Patients/Patients Talking with Doctors: Improving Communication in Medical Visits. Westport, CT:Praeger.
[272]Roter.Debra and Suan Larson 2002 The Roter Interaction Analysis System(RIAS):Utility and flexibility for analysis of medical interactions. Patient Education and Counseling 42,243-251.
[273]Roter.Debra, Moira Stewart, Samueal Putnam, Mack Lipkin, William Stiles, and Thomas S. Inui 1997 The patient-physican relationship:communication patterns of primary care physicians, Journal of the American Medical Association 227(4),79-107.
[274]Ruusuvuori, Johanna 2001 Looking means listening:coordinating displays of engagement in doctor-patient interaction. Social Science and Medicine 52,1093-1108.
[275]Sacks, Harvey 1987 On the preference for agreement and contiguity in sequences in conversation. In Graham Button and John R.E. Lee(eds.), Talks and Social Organisation. Clevedon, England:Multilingual Matters,54-69.
[276]Sacks, H., Schegloff, E.A & Jefferson, G1974 A simplest systematics for the organisation of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50(4),696-735.
[277]Sharrock, Wesley 1974 On owning knowledge. In R. Turner (eds.), Ethnomethodology, Harmondsworth:Penguin,45-53.
[278]Schegloff, Emanuel A 1982 Discourse as an interactional achievement:some uses of "uh huh" and other things that come between sentences. In D.Tannen(eds.), Georgetown University Round Table on Language and Linguistics 1981:Analyzing Discourse:Text and Talk. Washington, DC:Georgetown University Press,71-93.
[279]Schegloff, Emanuel A 2007 Sequence Organization in Interaction:A Primer in Conversation Analysis, Vol.1.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[280]Schegloff, Emanuel A. and Harvey Sacks 1973 Opening up closings. Semiotica 8,289-327.
[281]Shorter, Edward 1985 Bedside Manners:The Troubled History of Doctors and Patients. New York:Simon and Schuster.
[282]Silverman, David 1987 Communication and Medical Practice. London:Sage.
[283]Silverman, Jonathan, Susanne Kurtz, and Juliet Draper 2005 Skills for Communcating with Patients,2nd edn. Oxford:Radcliffe Publishing.
[284]Sorjonen, Marja-Leena, Liisa Raevaara, Markku Haakana, Tuukka Tammi, and Anssi Perakyla 2006 Lifestyle discussions in medical interviews. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,340-378.
[285]Starr, Paul 1982 The Social Transformation of American Medicine. New York:Basic Books.
[286]Stiles, William B.1989 Evaluating medical interview process components:null correlations with outcomes may be misleading. Medical Care 27(2),212-220.
[287]Stivers, Tanya 2002a Presenting the problem in pediatric encounters:"symptoms only" versus "candidate diagnosis" presentations. Health Communication 14(3),299-338.
[288]Stivers, Tanya 2002b Participating in decisions about treatment:overt parent pressure for antibiotic medication in pediatric encounters. Social Science and Medicine 54(7),1111-1130.
[289]Stivers, Tanya 2005a Non-antibiotic treatment recommendations:delivery formats and implications for parent resistance. Social Science and Medicine 60(5),949-964.
[290]Stivers, Tanya 2005b Parent resistance to physicians' treatment recommendations:one resource for intiating a negotiation of the treatment decision. Health Communication 18(1),41-74.
[291]Stivers, Tanya 2006 Treatment decisions:negotiations between doctors and patients in acute care encounters.In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care: Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,279-312.
[292]Stivers, Tanya 2007a Prescribing Under pressure:Parent-Physician Conversations and Antibiotics. New York:Oxford University Press.
[293]Stivers, Tanya and John Heritage 2001 Breaking the sequential mold:answering "more than the question" during medical history taking. Text 21(1/2),151-185.
[294]Stivers, Tanya and Asifa Majid 2007 Questioning children:interactional evidence of implicit bias in medical interviews. Social Psychology Quarterly 70(4),424-441.
[295]Stivers, Tanya, Rita Mangione-Smith, Marc N. Elliott, Laurie McDonald, and John Heritage 2003 Why do physicians think parents expect antibiotics? What parents report vs what physicians perceive. Journal of Family Practice 52(2),140-148.
[296]Stoeckle, John D and J. Andrew Billings 1987 A history-taking:the medical interview. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2,119-127.
[297]ten Have, Paul 1991 Talk and institution:a reconsideration of the "asymmetry" of doctor- patient interaction. In Deirdre Boden and Don Zimmerman(eds.), Talk and Social Structure. Berkeley:University of California Press.
[298]Susan M. Wolf 1988 Conflict between doctor and patient, Medicine and Ethics 16(3),197-203.
[299]Todd, Alexandra D.1989 Intimate Adversaries:Cultural Conflict berween Doctors and Women Patients. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
[300]Tuckett, D, M. Boulton, C. Olson, and A. Williams 1985 Meetings between Experts:An Approach to Sharing Ideas in Medical Consultations. London:Tavistock.
[301]Verschueren, J 1995 Handbook of Pragmatics. Amsterdam:John Benjamin's Publishing Company.
[302]Waitzkin, Howard 1985 Information giving in medical care. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 26,81-101.
[303]Waitzkin, Howard 1991 The Politics of Medical Encounters:How Patients and Doctors Deal with Social Problem. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press.
[304]West, Candace 1984 Routine Complications:Troubles wih Talk between Doctors and Patients. Bloomington:Indiana University Press.
[305]Zola, Irving K.1973 Pathways to the doctor:from person to patient. Social Science and Medicine7,677-689.
[2]陈海庆,李慧帧.言语行为视阈下医患会话权势不对等关系探析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2011(4)：89-94.
[3]陈海庆,郭霄楠.医患语篇的会话模式分析[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2011(1)：115-118.
[4]崔国鑫.会话分析的语用研究[J].外语学刊,2009,(3)：79-82.
[5]陈阳.电视剧生产的话语立场及其类型化发展[J].江汉论坛,2004,(5)：139-141.
[6]陈安媛.门诊交际中敏感话题的会话分析[D].山西大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[7]陈丽江.中国的批评语言学研究综观[J].外语教学,2006,(6)：31-35.
[8]成晓光.作为研究方法的话语分析——评《话语分析》[J].外语教学与研究,2006,(2)：151-153.
[9]常敬宇.委婉表达法的语用功能与对外汉语教学[J].语言教学与研究,2000,(3)：32-36.
[10]代树兰.话语角色研究的缘起与进展[J].外语学刊,2008,(5)：63-68.
[11]段丽杰,温仁百.德国语言学会话分析研究综述[J].西安外国语大学学报,2008,(4)：27-31.
[12]杜福兴.评关联理论的主要贡献[J].外语学刊,2011,(6)：55-58.
[13]丁辉.汉语内科门诊医患对话中的修正研究[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[14]方安安.儒法结合创建新型医患关系[J].医学与哲学,2011,(6)：34-35.
[15]付洋,尹梅.浅析哈贝马斯交往行动理论对重构医患关系的启示[J].医学与哲学,2011,(6)：29-30.
[16]高丽.社会语言学视角下的医患关系[J].中国高等医学教育,2010,(11)：120-121.
[17]顾曰国.顾曰国语言学海外自选集[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2010.
[18]关敬英,韦汉.附加疑问句在医患门诊沟通中的语用功能探究[J].伊利师范学院学报,2007,(4)：86-90.
[19]高杰,陈旭红,徐赳赳.话语分析面面观评介[J].当代语言学,2011,13(3)：262-265.
[20]高萍.冲突性话语结束方式研究[J].延边教育学院学报,2007,(5)：14-17.
[21]高燕.医患交流中医生话语对病患注意力影响的实证研究[D].西南大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[22]龚卫东,吴雪燕.英汉会话语篇中话轮沉默的认知解读[J].外语与外语教学,2003,(12)：25-28.
[23]郭霄楠.医患交际语篇的动态性研究——基于汉语医患对话的实证研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[24]郭松,田海龙.语境研究：从社会语言学到批评话语分析[J].外语学刊,2011,(6)：74-77.
[25]黄国文.语篇分析概要[M].湖南：湖南教育出版社,1988.
[26]黄国文.语篇分析与话语分析[J].外语与外语教学,2006,(10)：1-6.
[27]胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,1994.
[28]胡东平,易来宾.话语分析：反思与建构[J].外语学刊,2009,(1)：95-97.
[29]何兆熊.语用学概要[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,1989.
[30]何兆熊.新编语用学概要[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2000.
[31]贾正传.话语语言学的主要分支及其发展趋势[J].烟台师范学院学报,1997,(2)：60-63.
[32]姜望琪.当代语用学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2003.
[33]姜学林.医疗语言学初论[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社,1998.
[34]江兆盈.从会话分析的角度研究医患话语中性别差异的体现[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[35]靳雅姝.现代汉语疑问句对会话结构的结构形态制约[J].鸡西大学学报,2007,(5)：80-81.
[36]金燕.中国医患关系研究：从话语角度分析医患对话的言语特征[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[37]柯贤兵,廖美珍.法庭调解话语博弈交际研究[J].外语学刊,2011,(5)：70-75.
[38]孔庆成.委婉语言现象的立体透视[J].外国语,1993,(2)：26-30.
[39]廖美珍.话语分析导论：理论与方法[J].当代语言学,2001,(3)：232-236.
[40]廖美珍.问答：法庭话语互动研究[D].中国社会科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2002.
[41]廖美珍.法庭审判话语框架分析[J].当代修辞学,2012,(6)：83-91.
[42]廖美珍.目的原则和言语行为互动研究[J].外语学刊,2012,(5)：23-30.
[43]廖美珍.“目的原则”与目的分析(下)——语用话语分析新途径[J].修辞学习,2005,(4)：5-11.
[44]廖美珍.中国法庭互动话语formulation现象研究[J].外语研究,2006,(2)：1-8.
[45]廖益清.批评话语分析综述[J].集美大学学报,2000,(1)：76-82.
[46]梁婷.美国医生和患者对话的会话分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[47]梁雪清.医生-病人对话中委婉语的礼貌研究[D].广西师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[48]梁雪清.医患对话中医生语言的语用分析[J].华夏医学,2011,(6)：723-725.
[49]吕叔湘.疑问.否定.肯定[J].中国语文,1985,(4).
[50]刘兴兵,刘琴,邵艳,廖美珍.构建医患会话的合作原则[J].医学与哲学,2007,(3)：41-42.
[51]刘兴兵,刘琴,邵艳.中国当代医患会话研究综述[J].中国社会医学杂志,2008,(1)：4-6.
[52]刘兴兵.中国医患门诊会话的语用研究[D].华中师范大学博士学位论文,2008.
[53]刘兴兵.医患门诊互动中的目的与权势[J].外语学刊,2009,(4)：73-76.
[54]刘兴兵.中国医患门诊会话的语用研究[D].华中师范大学博士学位论文,2008.
[55]刘兴兵,刘琴,邵艳.中国当代医患会话研究综述[J].中国社会医学杂志,2008,(1)：4-6.
[56]刘兴兵,刘琴,邵艳,廖美珍.构建医患会话的合作原则[J].医学与哲学,2007,(3)：41-42.
[57]刘虹.会话结构分析[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2004.
[58]刘运同.会话分析概要[M].上海：学林出版社,2007.
[59]刘娜.中美电视谈话节目会话结构的对比分析[D].山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[60]刘芳.医生患者对话中对称和不对称分析[D].对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[61]林琳.谈话类节目会话机制研究[D].华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[62]林裕文.谈疑问句[J].中国语文,1985(2)
[63]李悦娥,范宏雅.话语分析[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2002.
[64]李秀.电视新闻访谈之会话结构特征研究——以美国哥伦比亚广播公司“60分钟”节目为例[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[65]李治平.非打断性话元转换动力模型与篇章研究[J].语言文字应用,2005(4)：45-51.
[66]李治平.会话结构与连贯度等级[J].语言文字应用,2007,(2)：50-58.
[67]李治平.汉语会话结构及转换机制研究[D].四川师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[68]李发根,刘明.批评话语分析模式探析[J].外语与外语教学,2008,(8)：18-20.
[69]李亚明.中国第一部话语分析译著——《话语.心理.社会》[J].外语教学,1995,(4)：92-94.
[70]雷蓓蓓.对中国医患对话中模糊限制语的语用研究[D].河南科技大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[71]雷蓓蓓,张发祥.中国医患对话中模糊限制语语用研究[J].赤峰学院学报,2009,(11)：110-111.
[72]罗纳德.沃德华著、雷洪波译.社会语言学引论(第五版)[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2009.
[73]罗耀华,周晨磊,裴亚军.无领导小组讨论中的打断研究[J].语言文字应用,2012,(1)：100-108.
[74]卢星辰.医患对话的会话分析[D].山东师范大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[75]卢星辰,卢海威.医患对话的话语结构特征分析[J].中国校外教育,2011,(8)：123.
[76]陆俭明.由“非疑问形式+呢”造成的疑问句[J].中国语文,1982,(6)
[77]刘运同.交际中的序列结构评介[J].现代外语,2012,(1)：88-91.
[78]玛丽.塔尔博特著,艾晓明译.语言与社会性别导论[M].武汉：华中师范大学出版社,2004.
[79]马菊花.医患言语交际得体性研究[D].华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[80]马文.会话局部结构与指称阻碍的产生及修正[J].外语教学,2007,(1)：10-15.
[81]马文.会话篇章中指称表达的选择与阐释[J].外国语,2004,(5)：34-40.
[82]马文.会话照应修正的认知可及性分析[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2002,(6)：5-8.
[83]马文.会话照应修正的语用阐释[J].四川外语学院学报,2003,(6)：87-90.
[84]马文.会话中的指称合作原则及其运作[J].外语教学,2009,(3)：29-33.
[85]马文.会话中人称代指语的优选原则[J].外国语,2011,(2)：14-22.
[86]马文.戏剧会话中的照应修正研究[J].当代语言学,2008,(1)：62-72.
[87]马博森.话语分析及其方法(概述)[J].外语与外语教学,1999,(3)：11-14.
[88]孟建刚.关于批评关联理论的几个问题[J].外语与外语教学,2002,(11)：13-15.
[89]彭文钊.委婉语——社会文化域的语言映射[J].外国语,1999,(1)：66-79.
[90]彭红.医患博弈及其沟通调适[D].中南大学博士学位论文,2008.
[91]皮亚杰著,倪连生,王琳译.结构主义[M].北京：商务印书馆,2010.
[92]钱冠连.汉语文化语用学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997.
[93]冉永平.语用学：现象与分析[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2003.
[94]冉永平.认知语用学的焦点问题探索[J].现代外语,2002,(1)：48-60.
[95]苏伟.从“传声筒”到医患关系的协调者——一项针对医疗译员角色的实证研究[J].外语研究,2010,(5)：84-88.
[96]索振羽.语用学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2004.
[97]施旭.当代中国话语研究[M].浙江：浙江大学出版社,2009.
[98]施旭.文化话语研究[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2010.
[99]施光.法庭审判话语的批评性研究[D].南京师范大学博士学位论文,2008.
[100]施光.批评话语分析研究综述[J].学术论坛,2007,(4)：202-205.
[101]施琳玲,陈霖,张涛.网络空间医患话语权失衡现象的探讨[J].医学与哲学,2011,(5)：78-79.
[102]史磊.医患会话特征研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[103]单胜江.新闻语篇的批评性话语分析[J].外语学刊,2011,(6)：78-81.
[104]邵敬敏.现代汉语疑问句研究[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,1996.
[105]沈蔚.会话修正研究在国外[J].外语学刊,2005,(4)：38-42.
[106]唐丽萍.语料库语言学在批评话语分析中的作为空间[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2011,(4)：43-49.
[107]吴建刚.论批评话语分析[J].华中师范大学学报,2002,41(3)：42-48.
[108]吴月华.课堂提问与课堂话语结构分析[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2008,(11)：76-77.
[109]武宜金.门诊医患会话患者应答语信息过量的语用研究[D].湖南工业大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[110]武建国,谢洪.批判性话语分析的新成果-—Fairclough《分析话语》评介[J].现代外语,2004,(4)：432-435.
[111]夏丹,廖美珍.民事审判话语中人称指示语的变异与身份的构建[J].华中师范大学学报,2012,(2)：119-124.
[112]辛斌.批评语言学：理论与运用[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2005.
[113]辛斌.批评性语篇分析方法论[J].外国语,2002,(6)：34-41.
[114]王静.CCTV电视谈话节目的会话分析[D].黑龙江硕士学位论文,2008.
[115]王丹,曾庆花.会话者的权势及等同关系及其话语结构的微观建构[J].外语学刊,2005,(2)：54-57.
[116]王晋军.会话中问句的批评性分析[D].厦门大学博士学位论文,2004.
[117]王晋军.医生和病人会话中的问句与权势关系[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2002,(5)：10-14.
[118]王昌米.话语分析的三个新视角[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2010,(4)：69-71.
[119]王春.技术条件下的会话结构研究——以网络聊天室为例[D].华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[120]王晓军.会话行为——互动、身份与机构评介[J].现代外语,2011,(4)：430-432.
[121]王泽霞,杨忠.费尔克劳话语三维模式解读与思考[J].外语研究,2008,(3)：9-13.
[122]王凤才.哈贝马斯交往行为理论述评[J].理论学刊,2003,(5)：38-41.
[123]王宏军.会话结构的语用研究方法书评[J].天津外国语学院学报,2006,(5)：67-71.
[124]项成东.言语行为理论在会话分析中的运用及存在的问题[J].外语与外语教学,2006,(3)：11-14.
[125]项成东.互相理解的会话机制及其语用逻辑[J].四川外语学院学报,2006,(3)：59-64.
[126]谢刚.医患对话中的模糊语言语用功能研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[127]徐赳赳.话语分析二十年[J].外语教学与研究,1995,(1)：14-20.
[128]徐赳赳Van Dijk的话语观[J].外语教学与研究,2005,37(5)：358-361.
[129]徐杰,张林林.疑问程度和疑问句式[J].江西师范大学学报,1985,(2)：71-79.
[130]许余龙.话语语用结构对比刍议[J].外国语,1991,(6)：46-49.
[131]熊沐清.话语分析的整合性研究构想[J].天津外国语学院学报,2001,(1)：15-19.
[132]夏丹,廖美珍.民事审判话语中人称指示语的变异与身份构建[J].华中师范大学学报,2012,(2)119-124.
[133]严辰松,高航.国外语用学20年：回顾与前瞻[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2003,(1)：1-5.
[134]姚双云.话语中的立场表达：主观性、评价与互动评介[J].外语教学与研究,2011,(1)：145-148.
[135]杨晓梅.会话的社会语言学分析[D].曲阜师范大学硕士学位论文,2000.
[136]杨石乔.汉语医患会话修正引导位置研究[J].大庆师范学院学报,2011,(5)：91-93.
[137]杨石乔.基于语料库的汉语医患会话修正研究[D].上海外国语大学博士学位论文,2010.
[138]杨石乔.基于语料库的医患第二人称单数指示语对比研究[J].大理学院学报,2011,(9)： 25-29.
[139]杨石乔.强势与弱势的较量——《掷铁饼者》中“沉默”的意义阐释[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2008,(8)：47-52.
[140]杨莉萍.心理学中话语分析的立场与方法[J].心理科学进展,2007(3)：532-538.
[141]严明.话语分析的基础：话语共同体[J].外语学刊,2009(4)：100-102.
[142]于国栋.会话分析[M].上海：上海外语教学出版社,2008.
[143]于国栋.产前检查中建议序列的会话分析研究[J].外国语,2009(1)：58-62.
[144]于国栋,王亚峰.话语修正策略的顺应性解释[J].山西大学学报,2011,(6)：15-20.
[145]于国栋.机构性谈话的会话分析研究[J].科学技术哲学研究,2010,(2)：22-25.
[146]于国栋.医患交际中回述的会话分析研究[J].外语教学,2009,(3)：13-19.
[147]于国栋,侯笑盈.医患交际中极致表达的会话分析[J].山西大学学报,2009,(6)：24-28.
[148]于国栋,吴亚欣.语言和性别：差异与共性并重[J].外语教学,2002,(2)：24-28.
[149]于国栋.支持性言语反馈的会话分析[J].外国语,2003,(5):23-29.
[150]于晖.会话结构探微[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2002,25(6)：13-16.
[151]俞东明.会话活动类型的语用研究与跨文化交际[J].外国语,1999,(5)：14-19.
[152]叶宁.警察询问话语——基于语类整体观的研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2010.
[153]袁毓林.正反问句及相关的类型学参项[J].中国语文,1993,(2).
[154]袁继红.医患门诊会话中礼貌的语用研究[D].西南大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[155]詹姆斯.保罗.吉著、杨炳钧译.话语分析导论：理论与方法[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2011.
[156]朱永生.话语分析五十年：回顾与展望[J].外国语,2003(3)：43-50.
[157]郑远汉.问对结构[J].语言文字应用,2003,(3)：20-28.
[158]郑欢.程式化不对等：对中国医生与病人的门诊会话分析[D].广东外语外贸大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[159]郑丹.医患对话中问句的批评性研究[D].东北财经大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[160]张咏群.电视谈话节目会话结构分析[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[161]张清.法官庭审话语的实证研究[D].中国政法大学博士学位论文,2009.
[162]曾庆花.课堂会话与日常会话情境会话的结构对比分析[D].东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[163]曾文静.医患会话情态意义的实证研究[D].湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[164]张艺,高云.试论批评话语分析[J].山东社会科学,2011,(4)：124-127.
[165]张海芝.英语会话结构分析及应用价值[J].英语教师,2009,(4)：31-33.
[166]张海燕.医患关系的社会语言学研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[167]张青彦.英语会话结构剖析[J].浙江大学学报,1987,(1)：127-136.
[168]邹云敏.从会话分析的角度研究门诊内科医生的打断研究[D].东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[169]张勇群.电视谈话节目会话结构分析[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[170]张庭国.话轮及话轮转换的交际技巧[J].外语教学,2003,(4)：23-26.
[171]朱永生.话语分析五十年：回顾与展望[J].外国语,2003,(3)：43-50.
[172]朱媛媛.医患会话中医生提问的人际功能研究[D].西南大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[173]祝婉瑾.社会语言学概论[M].长沙：湖南教育出版社,1992.
[174]张伯江.疑问句功能索议[J].中国语文,1997,(2)
[175]Bates,B,L.S.Bickley, and R.A.Hoekelman 1995 Physical Examination and History Taking. Philadephia:Lippincott.
[176]Bates,B,L.S.Bickley, and R.A.Hoekelman 1987 A guide to physical examination and history taking.Lippincott.
[177]Balint, Michael 1957 The Doctor, His Patient, and the Illness. London:Pitman.
[178]Beckman, Howard and Richard M.Frankel 1984 The effect of physician behavior on the collection of the data. Annals of Internal Medicine 101,692-699.
[179]Bissell P, May C, and Noyce P 2004 From Compliance to Compliance:Barriers to Accomplishing a Re-framed Model of Health Care Interactions. Social Science & Medicine 58 (4),851-862.
[180]Bloor, Michael J and Gordon Horobin 1975 Conflict and conflict resolution in doctor-patient interactions. InC. Cox and A.Mead(eds.), A Sociology of Medical Practice. London:Collier Macmillan,271-285.
[181]Boyd, Elizabeth and John Heritage 2006 Taking the history:questioning during comprehensive history taking. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge University Press,151-184.
[182]Bredmar, Margareta and Per Linell 1999 Reconfirming normality:the constitution of reassurance in talks between midwives and ecpectant mothers. In Srikant Sarangi and Celia Roberts(eds.). Talk, Work and Institutional Order:Discourse in Medical, Mediation and Management Settings. Berlin:Mouton DeGruyter,237-270.
[183]Britten, Nicky and Obioha Ukoumunne 1997 The influence of patients' hopes of receiving a prescription on the doctors' perceptions and the decision to prescribe:a questionnaire study. British Medical Journal 315,1506-1510.
[184]Brown, Penelope, Stephen C. Levinson 1987 Politeness:Some Universals in Language Usage. Studies in interactional sociolinguistics. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[185]Byrne, Patrick and Barrie E.L.Long 1976 Doctors talking to Patients:A Study of the Verbal Behaviours of Doctors in the Consultation. London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
[186]Cassell, Eric 1985 Talking with Patients Volume 2:Clinical Technique. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
[187]Cassell, Eric 1997 Doctoring:The Nature of Primary Care Medicine. New York:Oxford University Press.
[188]Charon, Rita, Michele J. Greene, and Ronald D. Adelamn 1994 Multi-dimensional interaction analysis:a collaborative approach to the study of medical discourse. Social Science and Medicine 39(7),955-965.
[189]Cherry, Donald K, David A. Woodwell, and Elizabeth Rechtsteiner 2007 National ambulatory medical care survey:2005 summary. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics 387 (June 29).
[190]Drew, Paul 2006 Mis-alignments in "after-hours"calls to a British GP's practice:a study in telephone medicine. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.)., Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,416-444.
[191]Derjung M. Tarn, John Heritage 2006 Physician Communication When Prescribing New Medications JAMA Internal Medicine 166(17),1855-1862.
[192]Debora A. Paterniti, Tonya L. Fancher,et al.2010 Getting to "No" Strategies Primary Care Physicians Use to Deny Patient Requests, American Medical Association 170(4),381-388.
[193]Edmondson, W.1981 Spoken Discourse:a Model for Analysis. Longman.
[194]Elstein, A. A.,L.S.Shulman, and S.A.Sprafka 1978 Mediccal Problem Solving:An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
[195]Emanuel, Ezckiel J and Linda L. Emanuel 1992 Four models of the physician-patient relationship. Journal of the American Medical Association 267,2221-2227.
[196]Engel,George L.1977 The need for a new medical model:a challenge for biomedicine. Science 196,129-136.
[197]Epstein, Ronald M, Peter Franks, Kevin Fiscella, Cleveland G. Shields, Sean C. Meldrum, Richard L. Kravitz, and Paul R. Duberstein 2005 Measuring patient-centred communication in patient-physician consultations:theoretical and practical issues. Social Science and Medicine 61,1516-1528.
[198]Enfield, N.J.and Stephen C. Levinson(eds.) 2006 Roots of Human Sociality:Culture, Cognition, and Interaction. London:Berg.
[199]Fisher, sue and Alexandra Todd(eds.) 1993 The Social Organization of Doctor-Patient Communication. Norwood, NJ:Ablex.
[200]Freidson, Eliot 1986 Profession of Medicine:A Study of the Institutionalization of Formal Knowledge. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
[201]Frosch, Dominick L, and Robert M. Kaplan 1999. Shared decision making in clinical medicine: Past research and future directions. Americal Journal of Preventive Medicine 27(11), 1139-1145.
[202]Goodwin, Charles and John Heritage 1990 Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology 19,283-307.
[203]Georges Wagnieres and Van den Bergh 1998 Clinical Evaluation of the Cutaneous Phototoxicity of 5,10,15,20-Tetra (m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin. Photochemistry and Photobiology 68(3),382-387.
[204]Goffman, Erving 1983b The interaction order. American Sociological Review 48,1-17.
[205]Goffman, Erving 1959 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY:Doubleday.
[206]Gu Yueguo 1996 Doctor-patient Interaction as Goal-Directed Discourse in Chinese Socioculture Context. Journal of Pacific Communication7(3),156-176.
[207]Gu Yueguo 1997 Five Ways of Handling a Bedpan-A Tripartite Approach to Workplace Discourse.Text 17(4),457-475.
[208]Gu Yueguo 1999 Towards a Model of Situated Discourse Analysis.In K.Turner(eds.) The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface. New York:Elsevier Science Ltd,149-178.
[209]Halkowski, Timothy 2006 Realizing the illness:patients' narratives of symptom discovery. In J. Heritage and D. Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,86-114.
[210]Hampton, J. R, M. J. Harrison, J. R. Mitchell, J. S. Prichard, and C. Seymour 1975 Relative contributions of history-taking, phycial examination, and laboratory investigation to diagnosis and management of medical outpatients. British Medical Journal 2(5969),486-489.
[211]Hardey M (1999) Doctor in the House:The Interaction as a Source of Lay Health Knowledge and the Challege to Expertise. Sociology of Health & Illness 21(6),820-835.
[212]Heath, Christian 1989 Pain talk:the expression of suffering in the medical consultation. Social Psychology Quarterly 52(2),113-125.
[213]Heath, Christian 1992 The delivery and reception of diagnosis and assessment in the general practice consultation. In Paul Drew and John Heritage(eds.), Talk at Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,235-267.
[214]Heritage, John 2002a Ad hoc inquiries:two preferences in the design of "routine" question in an open context. In Douglas Maynard et al.(eds.), Standardization and Tacit Knowledge: Interaction and Practice in the Survey Interview. New York:Wiley Interscience,313-333.
[215]Heritage, John 1984a A change-of-state token and aspects of its sequential placement. In J. Maxwell Atkinson and John Heritage(eds.), Structures of Social Action. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,299-345.
[216]Heritage, John 2002b The limits of questioning:negative interrogatives and hostile question content. Journal of Pragmatics 34(10-11),1427-1446.
[217]Heritage, John 2009 Negotiating the legitimacy of medical problems:a multi-phase concern for parients and physicians. In Dale Brashers and Deana Goldsmith(eds.), Communicating to Manage Health and Illness. New York:Routledge,147-164.
[218]Heritage, John 2010 Questioning in medicine.In Alice F. Freed and Susan Ehrlich(eds.), "Why do you ask?" The Function of Questions in Institutional Discourse. New York:Oxford University Press,42-68.
[219]Heritage, John and Anna Lindstrom 1998 Motherhood, medicine and morality:scenes from a medical encounter. Research on Language and Social Interaction 31,397-438.
[220]Heritage, John and Douglas Maynard (eds.),2006a Communication in Medical Care: Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[221]Heritage, John and Douglas W. Maynard (eds.),2006b Problems and prospects in the study of physician-patient interaction:30 years of research. Annual Review of Sociology 32,351-374.
[222]Heritage, John and Jeffery Robinson 2006a Accounting for the visit:patients' reasons for seeking medical care. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard (eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,48-85.
[223]Heritage, John and Jeffery Robinson 2006b The structure of patients' presenting concerns: physicians' opening questings. Health Communication 19(2),89-102.
[224]Heritage, John and Steven Clayman 2010 Talk in action:Interactions, Idendities, and Institutions. WILEY-BLACKWELL.
[225]Heritage, John 2005 Conversation analysis and institutioonal talk. In Kristine Fitch and Robert Sanders(eds.), Handbook of language and Social Interaction. Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum.
[226]Heritage, John, Jeffery Robinson, Marc Elliott, Megan Beckett, and Michael Wilkes 2007 Reducing patients' unmet concerns:the difference one word can make. Journal of General Internal Medicine 22,1429-1433.
[227]Heritage, John 2011 Conversation analysis:practices and methods. In David Silverman(eds.), Qualitative research, Mixed Sources.
[228]Heritage, John and Sue Sefi 1992 Dilemmas of advice:apects of the delivery and reception of advice in interactions between health visitors and first time mothers. In Paul Drew and John Heritage(eds.), Talk at Work. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,359-417.
[229]Heritage, John and Tanya Stivers 1999 Online commentary in acute medical visits:a method of shaping patient expectations. Social Science and Medicine 49,1501-1517.
[230]Heritage, John and Marja-Leena Sorjonen 1994. Constituting and maintianing activities across sequences:and-prefacing as a feature of question design. Language in Society 23,1-29.
[231]Heritage, John 2011 The interaction order and clinical practice:Some observations on dysfunctions and action steps, Patient Education and Counseling 84(3),338-343.
[232]Kassirer, J.P. And G.A. Gorry 1978 Clinical problem solving:a behavioral analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine 89,245-255.
[233]Kleinman, Arthur 1988 The Illness Narratives:suffering, Healing and the Human Condition. New York:Basic Books.
[234]Korsch, Barbara M. And Vida F. Negrete 1972 Doctor-patient communication. Scientific American 227,66-74.
[235]Kravitz,R.L et.al 2005 Influence of patients'requests for direct-to-consumer advertised antidepressants:a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 293,1995-2002.
[236]Labov, William and David Fanshel 1977 Therapeutic Discourse:Psychotherapy as Conversation. New York:Academic Press.
[237]Levinson, Stephen C.2000 Presumptive Meanings:The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
[238]Levinson 1987 Pragmatics. Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity Press.
[239]Ljas-Kallio Taru, Johanna Ruusuvuori, Anssi Perakyla 2010 Patient resistance towards diagnosis in primary care:Implications for concordance. Health 14(5),505-522.
[240]Light, Donald W.2000 The medical profession and organizational change:from professional dominance to countervailing power. In Chloe E. Bird et al(eds.), Handbook of Medica Sociology. Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall,201-216.
[241]Linell, Per and Margareta Bredmar 1996 Reconstructing topical sensitivity:aspects of face-book in talks between midwives and expectant mothers. Research on Language and Social Interaction 29(4),347-379.
[242]Mainous, A. G, R. J. Zoorob, M.J.Oler, and D.M. Haynes 1997 Patient knowledge of upper respiratory infections:implications for antibiotic expectations and unnecessary utilization. Journal of Family Practice 45(1),75-83.
[243]Mangione-Smith, Rita, Marc N. Elliott, Tanya Stivers, Laurie L. McDonald, and John Heritage 2006 Ruling out the need for antibiotics:are we sending the right message? Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 160,945-952.
[244]Mangione-Smith, Rita, Elizabeth McGlynn, Marc N. Elliott, Paul Krogstad, and Robert H. Brook 1999 The relationship between perceived parental expectations and pediatrician antimicrobial prescribing behavior. Pediatrics 103(4),711-718.
[245]Mangione-Smith, Rita, Tanya Stivers, Marc Elliott, Laurie McDonald, and John Heritage 2003 Online commentary during the physical examination:a communication tool for avoiding inappropriate prescribing? Social Science and Medicine 56,313-320.
[246]Marvel, M, Kim, Ronald M. Epstein, Kristine Flowers, and Howard B. Beckman 1999 Soliciting the patient's agenda:have we improved? Journal of the American Medical Association 281(3),283-287.
[247]Maynard, Douglas W 2003 Bad News, Good News:Conversational Order in Everyday Talk and Clinical Settings. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
[248]Maynard, Douglas W 1992 On Clinicians Coimplicating Recipients' Perspective in the Delivery of Diagnostic News. In:Drew P, Heritage J(eds) Talk at work:Interaction in Institutional Settings. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,331-358.
[249]Mechanic, David 1972 Public expectations and health care:essays on the changing organization of health services. New York:Wiley-Interscience.
[250]Mckinlay, John B. and Lisa D. Marceau 2002 The need of the golden age of doctoring. International Journal of Health Services 32(2),379-416.
[251]Mckinley, R.K. And J.F. Middleton 1999 What do patients want from doctors? Content analysis of written patient agendas for the consultation. British Journal of General Practice 49, 796-800.
[252]McWhinney, I.1989. The need for a transformed clinical method. In M. Stewart and D. Roter(eds.), Communicating wih Medical Patients. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
[253]Mead, Nicola and Peter Bower 2000 Patient centredness:a conceptual framework and review of the empirical literature. Social Science and Medicine 51,1087-1110.
[254]Misher, Elliot 1984 The Discourse of Medicine:Dialectics of Medical Interviews. Norwood, NJ:Ablex.
[255]Orth, J.J,W.B. Stiles, L. Scherwitz, D. Hennrikus, and C. Vallbona 1987 Patient exposition and provider explanation in routine interviews and hypertensive patients'blood pressure control. Health Psychology 6,29-42.
[256]Parisi D, Castelfranchi C 1981 A goal analysis of some pragmatic aspects of language. Possibilities and Limitations of Pragmatics,551-567.
[257]Parsons,Talcott 1951. The Social System. New York:Free Press.
[258]Perakyla, Anssi 1995 AIDS Counselling:Institutional Interaction and Clinical Practice. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[259]Perakyla, Anssi 1998 Authority and accountability:the delivery of diagnosis in primary health care. Social Psychology Quarterly 61(4),301-320.
[260]Perakyla, Anssi 2002 Agency and authority:extended responses to diagnostic statements in primary care encounters. Reaserach on Language and Social Interaction 35(2),219-247.
[261]Perakyla, Anssi 2006 Communicating and responding to diagnosis. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,214-247.
[262]Raymond, Geoffery 2003 Grammar and social organization:yes/no interrogatives and the structure of responding. American Sociological Review 68,939-967.
[263]Raymond, Geoffery 2010 Grammar and social relations:alternative forms of yes/no-type initiating actions in health visitor interactions. In Alice F. Freed and Susan Ehrlich(eds.), "Why Do You Ask?" The Function of Questions in Institutional Discourse. New York:Oxford University Press,87-107.
[264]Richards, J. C.& Schmidt, R. W.1983 Conversational analysis. In Richards, J C and Schmidt, R.W.(eds.) Language and communication,117-154.
[265]Robinson, Jeffery D.1998 Getting down to business:talk, gaze, and body orientation during openings of doctor-patient consultations. Human Communication Research 25(1),97-123.
[266]Robinson, Jeffery D.2003 An interactional structure of medical activities during acute visits and its implications for patients'participation. Health Communication 15(1),27-57.
[267]Robinson, Jeffery D.2006 Soliciting patients'presenting concerns. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,22-47.
[268]Robinson, Jeffery D. and John Heritage 2005 The structure of patients' presenting concerns:the completion relevance of current symptoms. Social Science and Medicine 61,481-493.
[269]Robinson, Jeffery D. and John Heritage 2006 The Structure of Patients' Presenting Concerns: Physicians' Opening Questions. Health Communication 19(2),89-102.
[270]Robinson, Jeffery D. and Tanya Stivers 2001 Achieving activity transitions in primary-care encounters:from history taking to physical examination. Human Communication Research 27(2),253-298.
[271]Roter,Debra and Judith Hall 2006 Doctors Talking with Patients/Patients Talking with Doctors: Improving Communication in Medical Visits. Westport, CT:Praeger.
[272]Roter.Debra and Suan Larson 2002 The Roter Interaction Analysis System(RIAS):Utility and flexibility for analysis of medical interactions. Patient Education and Counseling 42,243-251.
[273]Roter.Debra, Moira Stewart, Samueal Putnam, Mack Lipkin, William Stiles, and Thomas S. Inui 1997 The patient-physican relationship:communication patterns of primary care physicians, Journal of the American Medical Association 227(4),79-107.
[274]Ruusuvuori, Johanna 2001 Looking means listening:coordinating displays of engagement in doctor-patient interaction. Social Science and Medicine 52,1093-1108.
[275]Sacks, Harvey 1987 On the preference for agreement and contiguity in sequences in conversation. In Graham Button and John R.E. Lee(eds.), Talks and Social Organisation. Clevedon, England:Multilingual Matters,54-69.
[276]Sacks, H., Schegloff, E.A & Jefferson, G1974 A simplest systematics for the organisation of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50(4),696-735.
[277]Sharrock, Wesley 1974 On owning knowledge. In R. Turner (eds.), Ethnomethodology, Harmondsworth:Penguin,45-53.
[278]Schegloff, Emanuel A 1982 Discourse as an interactional achievement:some uses of "uh huh" and other things that come between sentences. In D.Tannen(eds.), Georgetown University Round Table on Language and Linguistics 1981:Analyzing Discourse:Text and Talk. Washington, DC:Georgetown University Press,71-93.
[279]Schegloff, Emanuel A 2007 Sequence Organization in Interaction:A Primer in Conversation Analysis, Vol.1.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[280]Schegloff, Emanuel A. and Harvey Sacks 1973 Opening up closings. Semiotica 8,289-327.
[281]Shorter, Edward 1985 Bedside Manners:The Troubled History of Doctors and Patients. New York:Simon and Schuster.
[282]Silverman, David 1987 Communication and Medical Practice. London:Sage.
[283]Silverman, Jonathan, Susanne Kurtz, and Juliet Draper 2005 Skills for Communcating with Patients,2nd edn. Oxford:Radcliffe Publishing.
[284]Sorjonen, Marja-Leena, Liisa Raevaara, Markku Haakana, Tuukka Tammi, and Anssi Perakyla 2006 Lifestyle discussions in medical interviews. In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care:Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,340-378.
[285]Starr, Paul 1982 The Social Transformation of American Medicine. New York:Basic Books.
[286]Stiles, William B.1989 Evaluating medical interview process components:null correlations with outcomes may be misleading. Medical Care 27(2),212-220.
[287]Stivers, Tanya 2002a Presenting the problem in pediatric encounters:"symptoms only" versus "candidate diagnosis" presentations. Health Communication 14(3),299-338.
[288]Stivers, Tanya 2002b Participating in decisions about treatment:overt parent pressure for antibiotic medication in pediatric encounters. Social Science and Medicine 54(7),1111-1130.
[289]Stivers, Tanya 2005a Non-antibiotic treatment recommendations:delivery formats and implications for parent resistance. Social Science and Medicine 60(5),949-964.
[290]Stivers, Tanya 2005b Parent resistance to physicians' treatment recommendations:one resource for intiating a negotiation of the treatment decision. Health Communication 18(1),41-74.
[291]Stivers, Tanya 2006 Treatment decisions:negotiations between doctors and patients in acute care encounters.In John Heritage and Douglas Maynard(eds.), Communication in Medical Care: Interactions between Primary Care Physicians and Patients. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,279-312.
[292]Stivers, Tanya 2007a Prescribing Under pressure:Parent-Physician Conversations and Antibiotics. New York:Oxford University Press.
[293]Stivers, Tanya and John Heritage 2001 Breaking the sequential mold:answering "more than the question" during medical history taking. Text 21(1/2),151-185.
[294]Stivers, Tanya and Asifa Majid 2007 Questioning children:interactional evidence of implicit bias in medical interviews. Social Psychology Quarterly 70(4),424-441.
[295]Stivers, Tanya, Rita Mangione-Smith, Marc N. Elliott, Laurie McDonald, and John Heritage 2003 Why do physicians think parents expect antibiotics? What parents report vs what physicians perceive. Journal of Family Practice 52(2),140-148.
[296]Stoeckle, John D and J. Andrew Billings 1987 A history-taking:the medical interview. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2,119-127.
[297]ten Have, Paul 1991 Talk and institution:a reconsideration of the "asymmetry" of doctor- patient interaction. In Deirdre Boden and Don Zimmerman(eds.), Talk and Social Structure. Berkeley:University of California Press.
[298]Susan M. Wolf 1988 Conflict between doctor and patient, Medicine and Ethics 16(3),197-203.
[299]Todd, Alexandra D.1989 Intimate Adversaries:Cultural Conflict berween Doctors and Women Patients. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
[300]Tuckett, D, M. Boulton, C. Olson, and A. Williams 1985 Meetings between Experts:An Approach to Sharing Ideas in Medical Consultations. London:Tavistock.
[301]Verschueren, J 1995 Handbook of Pragmatics. Amsterdam:John Benjamin's Publishing Company.
[302]Waitzkin, Howard 1985 Information giving in medical care. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 26,81-101.
[303]Waitzkin, Howard 1991 The Politics of Medical Encounters:How Patients and Doctors Deal with Social Problem. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press.
[304]West, Candace 1984 Routine Complications:Troubles wih Talk between Doctors and Patients. Bloomington:Indiana University Press.
[305]Zola, Irving K.1973 Pathways to the doctor:from person to patient. Social Science and Medicine7,677-689.