马栏河污水处理厂BIOFOR～（？）曝气生物滤池工艺运行效果评价
摘要
近年来，在传统污水处理工艺的基础上，已经研究开发了许多污水处理新工艺。在传统生物膜法的基础上研究开发的曝气生物滤池(BAF—Biological Aerated Filters)，具有体积小、处理效率高、出水水质好、流程简单等优点，在欧洲、美国和日本被广泛地用于处理生活污水和工业废水。二十世纪九十年代以来，国内对该工艺进行了大量的研究，并致力于使其国产化。本文涉及的BIOFOR~(?)(Biological Filtration Oxygenated Reactor)曝气生物滤池是法国Degremont(得利满)集团的技术，在国内为首例应用。对该工艺运行效果的研究和探索，对其在我国的进一步应用是极为必要的。
本文通过对相关文献的综述，阐述了目前城市污水处理技术研究进展和实践应用现状，并以工程实例对各种处理工艺进行了比较。主要通过对采用BIOFOR~(?)曝气生物滤池工艺的大连马栏河污水处理厂运行效果的总体评价，对运行数据、工艺参数进行了分析和讨论，并与其它污水处理工艺进行对比，总结出了该工艺的特点和优点。
研究结果表明：采用BIOFOR(?)曝气生物滤池工艺的大连马栏河污水处理厂处理效果稳定，满负荷连续运行，进水污染物指标略低于设计值，出水水质低于设计标准，COD≤40 mg／L，BOD_5≤10 mg／L，SS≤10 mg／L，NH_4-N≤5 mg／L。出水的主要水质指标达到新颁发的国家标准—《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准(GB／T 18920—2002)，根据用水性质可直接回用或作为污水再生利用的优质水源。
In recent years many new water treatment technologies have been studied and developed on the basis of the traditional wastewater treatment processes. The BAF (Biological Aerated Filters) process has been widely applied in treating municipal and industrial wastewater in Europe, USA and Japan for its advantages in compact structure, high treatment efficiency, quality effluent and simplified process flow. Since 1990's many researches have been made on the application and localization of this process in our country. The BIOFOR aerated filters process hereby mentioned is a technology developed by France Degremont Group and applied in China for the first time. Studies and researches on its operation efficiency are remarkably necessary for its further application in China.
With a comprehensive citing from related literature, this thesis demonstrates the latest development in wastewater treatment technology research and the current situation of its application in practice, taking practical projects for examples and making contrast between several processes. After an overall evaluation to Dalian Malanhe Wastewater Treatment Plant adopting BIOFOR process, operation data and process parameters are studied and analyzed, and comparison of this process with other wastewater treatment processes are made, with a summary to its characteristics and advantages.
Researches improve that by applying BIOFOR aerated filters Dalian Malanhe Wastewater Treatment Plant achieves stable treatment efficiency, continuous operation with full loads, with influent pollutant standards lower than designed standards and effluent quality lower than designed standards, COD<40 mg/L, BOD5 <10 mg/L, SS<10 mg/L, NH4-N<5 mg/L. The values of the main parameters representing the effluent quality reach the standards stipulated in the latest National Standards for Reuse of Urban Wastewater and Miscellaneous Uses (GB/T 18920-2002). The effluent will be directly reused or become an excellent water resource for recycling of wastewater.
本文通过对相关文献的综述，阐述了目前城市污水处理技术研究进展和实践应用现状，并以工程实例对各种处理工艺进行了比较。主要通过对采用BIOFOR~(?)曝气生物滤池工艺的大连马栏河污水处理厂运行效果的总体评价，对运行数据、工艺参数进行了分析和讨论，并与其它污水处理工艺进行对比，总结出了该工艺的特点和优点。
研究结果表明：采用BIOFOR(?)曝气生物滤池工艺的大连马栏河污水处理厂处理效果稳定，满负荷连续运行，进水污染物指标略低于设计值，出水水质低于设计标准，COD≤40 mg／L，BOD_5≤10 mg／L，SS≤10 mg／L，NH_4-N≤5 mg／L。出水的主要水质指标达到新颁发的国家标准—《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准(GB／T 18920—2002)，根据用水性质可直接回用或作为污水再生利用的优质水源。
In recent years many new water treatment technologies have been studied and developed on the basis of the traditional wastewater treatment processes. The BAF (Biological Aerated Filters) process has been widely applied in treating municipal and industrial wastewater in Europe, USA and Japan for its advantages in compact structure, high treatment efficiency, quality effluent and simplified process flow. Since 1990's many researches have been made on the application and localization of this process in our country. The BIOFOR aerated filters process hereby mentioned is a technology developed by France Degremont Group and applied in China for the first time. Studies and researches on its operation efficiency are remarkably necessary for its further application in China.
With a comprehensive citing from related literature, this thesis demonstrates the latest development in wastewater treatment technology research and the current situation of its application in practice, taking practical projects for examples and making contrast between several processes. After an overall evaluation to Dalian Malanhe Wastewater Treatment Plant adopting BIOFOR process, operation data and process parameters are studied and analyzed, and comparison of this process with other wastewater treatment processes are made, with a summary to its characteristics and advantages.
Researches improve that by applying BIOFOR aerated filters Dalian Malanhe Wastewater Treatment Plant achieves stable treatment efficiency, continuous operation with full loads, with influent pollutant standards lower than designed standards and effluent quality lower than designed standards, COD<40 mg/L, BOD5 <10 mg/L, SS<10 mg/L, NH4-N<5 mg/L. The values of the main parameters representing the effluent quality reach the standards stipulated in the latest National Standards for Reuse of Urban Wastewater and Miscellaneous Uses (GB/T 18920-2002). The effluent will be directly reused or become an excellent water resource for recycling of wastewater.
引文
[1]邵益生．谈21世纪中国城市的水战略．hrtp://www.h20-china.com/paper/．
[2]张杰，熊必永，李捷，杨宏．污水深度处理与水资源可持续利用．给水排水,2003,29(6)：29～32．
[3]李圭白．水的良性社会循环与城市水资源．中国工程科学,2001,3(6)：37～40．
[4]杭世瑁．北京市城市污水处理与再利用．http://www.h20-china.com/paper/．
[5]T Stephenson, A Mart, J Upton. The small footprint wastewater treatment process. Chemistry & Industry, 1993, 19: 533.
[6]G Desbos, F Rogalla. Biofiltration as a compact technique for small wastewater treatment plant. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1990, 22(3):145.
[7]M Payraudeau, P Gilles. Nitride removal with biological aerated filters. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 1990, 62(2): 169.
[8]国家环保总局冲国环境状况公报，1998．
[9]张自杰．排水工程(下册)．第四版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000．52～53．
[10]沈耀良，王宝贞．废水生物处理新技术理论与应用．第一版．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1999．295～318．
[11]蔡卫权，吴芳云，陈进富．SBR工艺运行控制战略研究进展．环境科学动态，2001，(1)：16～20．
[12]王凯军，宋英豪．SBR工艺的发展类型及其应用特性．中国给水排水，2002，18(7)：23～26．
[13]杨云龙，陈启斌．SBR工艺的现状与发展．工业用水与废水，2002，33(2)：1～3．
[14]王凯军，贾立敏．城市污水生物处理新技术开发与应用．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社，2001．382～397．
[15]于尔捷，张杰．给水排水工程快速设计手册2排水工程．第一版．中国建筑工业出版社，1996．138．
[16]冯生华．城市中小型污水处理厂的建设与管理．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社，2001．163～171．
[17]王建利，张德兵，方勇．潍坊市污水处理厂奥伯尔氧化沟工艺．中国给水排水，1999,15(10)：42～43．
[18]王洪臣．城市污水处理厂运行控制与维护管理．第一版．北京：科学出版社，1997．155．
[19]龙腾锐，周健．AB法A段工艺的机理探讨冲国给水排水,2002,18(9)：20～22．
[20]黎耀．深圳滨河污水厂AB法运行实践及分析冲国给水排水,2000,16(8)：15～17．
[21]李旭东，杨芸．废水处理技术及工程应用．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社,2003．76．
[22]徐亚同，黄民生．废水生物处理的运行管理与异常对策．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社,2003．162．
[23]徐丽花，李亚新．一种好氧生物处理有机废水的新工艺设备—生物曝气滤池．给水排水，1999,25(11)：1～3．
[24]郑俊，吴浩汀，程寒飞．曝气生物滤池污水处理新技术及工程实例．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．26～27．
[25] P Pujol, H Lemmel, M Goudsilles. A keypoint of nitrification in an upflow biofiltration reactor. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1998, 38(3):43～49.
[26] S Wijeyekoon, T Mino, H Satoh. Fixed bed biological aerated filtration for secondary effluent polishing-effect of filtration rate on nitrifying biological activity distribution. Wat. Sci. Tech, 2000, 41(1):187～195.
[27] F Séguret, Y Racault. Hydrodynamic behavior of a full-scale submerged biofilter and its possible influence on performance. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1998, 38(8-9):249～256.
[28] 张杰，曹相生，孟雪征．曝气生物滤池的研究进展冲国给水排水，2002，18(8)：26～29．
[29] 王劲松，胡勇有．曝气生物滤池填料的研究进展．工业用水与废水，2002，33(5)：7～9．
[30] G R Dillon, et al. A pilot-scale evaluation of the bioearbone process for the treatment of settled sewage and for tertiary nitrification of secondary effluent. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1990, 22(1-2):305～316.
[31] T D Kent, C S B Fitzpatrick, S C Williams. Testing of biological aerated filter(BAF) media. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1996, 34(3,4):363～370.
[32] 肖文胜，徐文国，齐兵强．上流式曝气生物滤池处理城市污水．中国给水排水，2003，19(2)：49～50．
[33] M Tschui, M Boiler, W Gujer, et al. Tertiary nitrification in aerated pilot bio filters. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1994,29(10-11):53～60.
[34] 聂军，王珊珊．第三代生物膜反应池BIOFOR．给水排水，1998，24(10)：26～27．
[35] J J Chen, D Mccarty, D Slack, et al. Full scale ease studies of a simplified aerated filter (BAF) for organics and nitrogen removal. Wat. Sci. Tech, 2000,41(4-5):1～4.
[36] 张忠波，陈吕军，胡纪萃．新型曝气生物滤池-Biostyr．给水排水，2000，26(6)：15～19．
[37] Degrémont. Water treatment handbook. Sixth edition. France: Lavoisier Publishing, 1991. 650～653,733～737.
[38] R Moore, J Quarmby, T Stephenson. The effects of media size on the performance of biological aerated filters. Wat. Res, 2001,35(10):2514～2522.
[39] 牛学义．生物滤床污水处理工艺的应用范围和效率．给水排水，1999，25(7)：26～29．
[40] B Willey, Y Coquet, L Audoin. Innovative nitrification technique introduced at treatment plant in France. Water Environment & Technology, 1993, 9: 54～60.
[41] 郑俊，程寒飞，王晓焱．上流式曝气生物滤池工艺处理生活污水．中国给水排水，200l，17(1)：51～53．
[42] J P Cartier. Biological Aerated Filters: Assessment of the process based on 12 sewage treatment plants. Wat. Sci. Tech., 1994, 29(10-11):13～22.
[2]张杰，熊必永，李捷，杨宏．污水深度处理与水资源可持续利用．给水排水,2003,29(6)：29～32．
[3]李圭白．水的良性社会循环与城市水资源．中国工程科学,2001,3(6)：37～40．
[4]杭世瑁．北京市城市污水处理与再利用．http://www.h20-china.com/paper/．
[5]T Stephenson, A Mart, J Upton. The small footprint wastewater treatment process. Chemistry & Industry, 1993, 19: 533.
[6]G Desbos, F Rogalla. Biofiltration as a compact technique for small wastewater treatment plant. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1990, 22(3):145.
[7]M Payraudeau, P Gilles. Nitride removal with biological aerated filters. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 1990, 62(2): 169.
[8]国家环保总局冲国环境状况公报，1998．
[9]张自杰．排水工程(下册)．第四版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000．52～53．
[10]沈耀良，王宝贞．废水生物处理新技术理论与应用．第一版．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1999．295～318．
[11]蔡卫权，吴芳云，陈进富．SBR工艺运行控制战略研究进展．环境科学动态，2001，(1)：16～20．
[12]王凯军，宋英豪．SBR工艺的发展类型及其应用特性．中国给水排水，2002，18(7)：23～26．
[13]杨云龙，陈启斌．SBR工艺的现状与发展．工业用水与废水，2002，33(2)：1～3．
[14]王凯军，贾立敏．城市污水生物处理新技术开发与应用．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社，2001．382～397．
[15]于尔捷，张杰．给水排水工程快速设计手册2排水工程．第一版．中国建筑工业出版社，1996．138．
[16]冯生华．城市中小型污水处理厂的建设与管理．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社，2001．163～171．
[17]王建利，张德兵，方勇．潍坊市污水处理厂奥伯尔氧化沟工艺．中国给水排水，1999,15(10)：42～43．
[18]王洪臣．城市污水处理厂运行控制与维护管理．第一版．北京：科学出版社，1997．155．
[19]龙腾锐，周健．AB法A段工艺的机理探讨冲国给水排水,2002,18(9)：20～22．
[20]黎耀．深圳滨河污水厂AB法运行实践及分析冲国给水排水,2000,16(8)：15～17．
[21]李旭东，杨芸．废水处理技术及工程应用．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社,2003．76．
[22]徐亚同，黄民生．废水生物处理的运行管理与异常对策．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社,2003．162．
[23]徐丽花，李亚新．一种好氧生物处理有机废水的新工艺设备—生物曝气滤池．给水排水，1999,25(11)：1～3．
[24]郑俊，吴浩汀，程寒飞．曝气生物滤池污水处理新技术及工程实例．第一版．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．26～27．
[25] P Pujol, H Lemmel, M Goudsilles. A keypoint of nitrification in an upflow biofiltration reactor. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1998, 38(3):43～49.
[26] S Wijeyekoon, T Mino, H Satoh. Fixed bed biological aerated filtration for secondary effluent polishing-effect of filtration rate on nitrifying biological activity distribution. Wat. Sci. Tech, 2000, 41(1):187～195.
[27] F Séguret, Y Racault. Hydrodynamic behavior of a full-scale submerged biofilter and its possible influence on performance. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1998, 38(8-9):249～256.
[28] 张杰，曹相生，孟雪征．曝气生物滤池的研究进展冲国给水排水，2002，18(8)：26～29．
[29] 王劲松，胡勇有．曝气生物滤池填料的研究进展．工业用水与废水，2002，33(5)：7～9．
[30] G R Dillon, et al. A pilot-scale evaluation of the bioearbone process for the treatment of settled sewage and for tertiary nitrification of secondary effluent. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1990, 22(1-2):305～316.
[31] T D Kent, C S B Fitzpatrick, S C Williams. Testing of biological aerated filter(BAF) media. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1996, 34(3,4):363～370.
[32] 肖文胜，徐文国，齐兵强．上流式曝气生物滤池处理城市污水．中国给水排水，2003，19(2)：49～50．
[33] M Tschui, M Boiler, W Gujer, et al. Tertiary nitrification in aerated pilot bio filters. Wat. Sci. Tech, 1994,29(10-11):53～60.
[34] 聂军，王珊珊．第三代生物膜反应池BIOFOR．给水排水，1998，24(10)：26～27．
[35] J J Chen, D Mccarty, D Slack, et al. Full scale ease studies of a simplified aerated filter (BAF) for organics and nitrogen removal. Wat. Sci. Tech, 2000,41(4-5):1～4.
[36] 张忠波，陈吕军，胡纪萃．新型曝气生物滤池-Biostyr．给水排水，2000，26(6)：15～19．
[37] Degrémont. Water treatment handbook. Sixth edition. France: Lavoisier Publishing, 1991. 650～653,733～737.
[38] R Moore, J Quarmby, T Stephenson. The effects of media size on the performance of biological aerated filters. Wat. Res, 2001,35(10):2514～2522.
[39] 牛学义．生物滤床污水处理工艺的应用范围和效率．给水排水，1999，25(7)：26～29．
[40] B Willey, Y Coquet, L Audoin. Innovative nitrification technique introduced at treatment plant in France. Water Environment & Technology, 1993, 9: 54～60.
[41] 郑俊，程寒飞，王晓焱．上流式曝气生物滤池工艺处理生活污水．中国给水排水，200l，17(1)：51～53．
[42] J P Cartier. Biological Aerated Filters: Assessment of the process based on 12 sewage treatment plants. Wat. Sci. Tech., 1994, 29(10-11):13～22.