基于Petri网的铁路集装箱运输流程建模与优化研究
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摘要
随着我国铁路集装箱运输的逐步发展,集装箱运输的优越性日益显露,其正在发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而,在铁路集装箱运输快速发展的同时,实际作业中还存在很多问题。为了更好地分析其作业流程,选择适当的建模方法建立恰当的业务流程模型是很重要的。对铁路集装箱运输业务流程的优化可以提高流程效率,为客户节省时间,同时为铁路运输赢得竞争力。
对业务流程进行建模有多种方法,Petri网因其严格的数学定义以及所提供的系统分析和验证方法,成为业务流程建模与分析的较好选择。本文在总结国内外研究现状的基础上,通过分析比较,选择Petri网作为建模工具。
对业务流程的分析是建模的基础,本文在对上海洋浦站及北京东站进行实地调研的基础上,将铁路集装箱运输过程分为发送、到达及中转作业三部分,对具体的工作流程进行描述和分析。在此基础上,分别建立基于赋时着色Petri网的铁路集装箱发送、到达及中转作业流程模型,并利用ExSpect软件包,选取流程周期时间为指标,对发送作业的Petri网模型进行仿真。分析仿真结果,得出影响现有工作流程效率的关键环节。
针对发送作业流程中由于信息无法共享造成重复操作,工作效率低下的问题,本文提出了基于RFID的技术方案,实现箱号的自动识别和记录,改变集装箱运输中信息管理和现场操作落后的局面。先后采用基于价值增值策略和并行策略的优化方法对发送作业模型进行了两次优化,并进行仿真分析,平均周期时间的缩短验证了优化方法的有效性。
With the development of railway container transportation, the advantages of container transportation are more and more evident, and it is playing an important role. However, Due to the constraints of environment and other factors in China, there are still many problems in the work flow of railway container transportation. In order to analyze the work flow better, it is important to establish an appropriate model. The objective of business process optimization is to improve the efficiency. It can strengthen the competitive ability of railway container transportation. So the business process analysis and optimization of container transportation is very important.
There are many methods used for the modeling of business process. Petri nets are a better choice because of the strict mathematical definitions and analysis methodology. This paper concluded the research status of Petri nets. And then, Petri nets were selected as the modeling tool.
Based on the field research of Yangpu and Beijing east station, the procedure of railway container transportation is analyzed. Then, the Petri nets models of container sending, arrival and transfer operations are designed. And then, ExSpect software was used to simulate the Petri nets model of container sending operation. It is found that one of the reasons results in the inefficiency is that the information can't be shared.
RFID can identify the number and other attributes of containers automatically. It can improve the automatic level of railway container work. The detailed application solution in the access to container yard is discussed in this paper. The solution can speed up the container to yard and implement the automatic access control. On the basis of this solution, the value-added strategy and parallel strategy were used to the optimization. And then, the optimal model was designed. The result of simulation was that the average cycle time was shortened. It proved that the optimal method is effective.
对业务流程进行建模有多种方法,Petri网因其严格的数学定义以及所提供的系统分析和验证方法,成为业务流程建模与分析的较好选择。本文在总结国内外研究现状的基础上,通过分析比较,选择Petri网作为建模工具。
对业务流程的分析是建模的基础,本文在对上海洋浦站及北京东站进行实地调研的基础上,将铁路集装箱运输过程分为发送、到达及中转作业三部分,对具体的工作流程进行描述和分析。在此基础上,分别建立基于赋时着色Petri网的铁路集装箱发送、到达及中转作业流程模型,并利用ExSpect软件包,选取流程周期时间为指标,对发送作业的Petri网模型进行仿真。分析仿真结果,得出影响现有工作流程效率的关键环节。
针对发送作业流程中由于信息无法共享造成重复操作,工作效率低下的问题,本文提出了基于RFID的技术方案,实现箱号的自动识别和记录,改变集装箱运输中信息管理和现场操作落后的局面。先后采用基于价值增值策略和并行策略的优化方法对发送作业模型进行了两次优化,并进行仿真分析,平均周期时间的缩短验证了优化方法的有效性。
With the development of railway container transportation, the advantages of container transportation are more and more evident, and it is playing an important role. However, Due to the constraints of environment and other factors in China, there are still many problems in the work flow of railway container transportation. In order to analyze the work flow better, it is important to establish an appropriate model. The objective of business process optimization is to improve the efficiency. It can strengthen the competitive ability of railway container transportation. So the business process analysis and optimization of container transportation is very important.
There are many methods used for the modeling of business process. Petri nets are a better choice because of the strict mathematical definitions and analysis methodology. This paper concluded the research status of Petri nets. And then, Petri nets were selected as the modeling tool.
Based on the field research of Yangpu and Beijing east station, the procedure of railway container transportation is analyzed. Then, the Petri nets models of container sending, arrival and transfer operations are designed. And then, ExSpect software was used to simulate the Petri nets model of container sending operation. It is found that one of the reasons results in the inefficiency is that the information can't be shared.
RFID can identify the number and other attributes of containers automatically. It can improve the automatic level of railway container work. The detailed application solution in the access to container yard is discussed in this paper. The solution can speed up the container to yard and implement the automatic access control. On the basis of this solution, the value-added strategy and parallel strategy were used to the optimization. And then, the optimal model was designed. The result of simulation was that the average cycle time was shortened. It proved that the optimal method is effective.
引文
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PART C:CYBERNETICS,2002,32(4):59-62
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[2]T Murata.Petri nets:Properties,analysis and applications.In proceedings of the IEEE.1989,77(4):541-580
[3]J Peterson.Petri nets theory and the modeling of systems[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ,Prentice-Hall,1981:63-65
[4]Jiang CJ,Wu Z H.Net operation[J].Computer Science and Technology,1992,(4):44-46
[5]K Jensen.Colored Petri nets[J].LNCS,SpringerVerlag,1986,254:30-32
[6]K H Lee et al.Generalized Petri nets reduction method[J].IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern,1987,17:297-303
[7]V K Toszews.Net expresentation of sentence in natural languages[J].LNCS,1987,255:27-30
[8]G Rozenberg,R Verraedt.Subset languages of Petri nets,Part Ⅰ:The relationship to string langu-ages and nomalorms[J].Theoret Compute Sci.1983,26:301-326
[9]吴哲辉.Pumping引理的Petri网描述-Petri网语言属性的一组判定条件[J].计算机学报,1994,(11):27-30
[10]G Gozenberg,R Verraedt.Subset languages of Petri nets,Part Ⅱ:Closure properties[J].TheoryCompute Sci,1988:21-25
[11]M A Marsan,G Balbo,G Conte.A class of generalized stochastic Petri nets for performance an-alysis of multi processor system[J].ACM TOCS,1984,2:92-122
[12]J B Dugan et al.Extended stochastic Petri nets:Application and analysis[J].In:Proc Performa-nce 84,1984:507-519
[13]罗军舟,顾冠群,谢俊清.Petri网的协议分析器[J].计算机学报,1997,(3):206-212
[14]丁正已,谢磊.Petri网在多处理器系统性能分析中的应用[J].信息工程大学学报,2000,(12):58-60
[15]丁彩虹,黄文虎,姜兴渭.Petri网在基于规则系统一致性问题检查中的应用[J].机械强度,1999(9):170-173
[16]周必水,倪慧莉.Petri网在时序建模中的应用[J].杭州电子工业学院学报,2000,(8):1-8
[17]ZHANG Zhiming,WANGYue,TAO Ran et al.Resource Allocation Using Timed Petri Netsand Heuristic Search[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2000(9):148-154
[18]Jonathan Lee,Senior Member.Modeling Uncertainty Reasoning With Possibilistic Petri Nets[J].IEEE TRANSACTION ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS-PART B:CYBERN-ETICS,2003,33(2):35-41
[19]Shen R L.Reinforcement Learning for High-Level Fuzzy Petri Nets[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS-PART B:CYBERNETICS,2003,33(2):44-50
[20]李红辉.一种新型的Petri网扩充模型及其在协议描述和验证中的应用[J].铁道学报,1996,(12):121-128
[21]YU Jian,WANG Sheng yuan,YUAN Chong yi.Solving Inheritance Anomaly with OM Nets[J].Computer Science and Technology,2002,(1):101-105
[22]Manuel Silva,Laura Recalde.Petri Nets and Integrality Relaxations:A View of Continuous Petri Nets Models[J].IEEE TRANSACTION ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS-
PART C:CYBERNETICS,2002,32(4):59-62
铩颷23]祖旭.基于Petri网理论的产品开发过程建模方法研究[D].大连理工大学,2005:2-3
[24]崔丽霞.基于Petri网的汽车制造业采购业务流程仿真优化研究[D].吉林大学,2005:23-26
[25]程杰.基于Petri网的第三方物流企业业务流程优化方法研究[M].北京交通大学,2007:6-9
[26]董海,王宛山.基于Petri网的海关业务流程工作流模型分析[J].机械设计与制造,2005,(7):89-91
[27]施欣.基于Petri网的航运业务流程的仿真优化[J].系统仿真学报,2001,13(6):767-771
[28]赵颖.多式联运流程设计与仿真研究[D].吉林大学,2006:33-34
[29]刘为群.建设集装箱结点站实现铁路集装箱运输跨越式发展[J].铁道经济研究,2002,(4):36-38
[30]何华武.中国铁路集装箱运输发展战略[J].集装箱化,2005,(10):1-7
[31]侯海录.中国铁路集装箱运输发展策略研究[D].西南交通大学,2006:5-6
[32]王利华.铁路集装箱运输发展策略研究[D].西南交通大学,2005:2-3
[33]邱小勇.铁路集装箱运输物流化发展规划问题研究[D].北京交通大学,2006:20-22
[34]周建频,杨月芳.铁路集装箱多式联运发展研究[J].铁道货运,2001,(5):24-26
[35]蓝孙年,杨兆辉译.柯兹洛夫.集装箱管理自动化[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1992:42-46
[36]刘建军.铁路集装箱办理站布局现状及调整的研究[J].铁道货运,2007,(1):29-30
[37]孙峰,张健.铁路集装箱节点站管理信息系统的流程分析[J].中国铁路,2003,(11):20-25
[38]刘恒江.集装箱空箱调运分析研究[J].集装箱化,2001,(10):11-13
[39]闫伟.铁路集装箱专办站运输组织研究[D].西南交通大学,2005:7-12
[40]赵青苗.中铁集装箱中心站管理信息系统分析研究[D].北京交通大学,2004:2-10
[41]张得志,谢如鹤,黄孝章.铁路集装箱空箱调度模型及求解算法[J].中国铁道科学,2003,(3):125-129
[42]朱晓宁.集装箱多式联运通道规划理论与方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:89-93
[43]顾国林,崔敬东,熊天文.铁路车站搬运集装箱的空车流向优化研究[J].铁道货运,2004,(4):21-23
[44]洪雁.铁路集装箱运输系统与我国物流的发展分析[J].物流技术,2006,(4):24-25
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