自转式转子强化传热实验与安全性研究
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摘要
能源是人类生存和发展的原动力，在能源的利用过程中，80%以上的能量转换过程都是通过传热过程或者换热器换热来实现的,但是，就目前的国情来看，我国人均资源占有率及能源利用效率均明显低于其他发达国家。因此，节能和能源的高效利用仍然是我国当前的主要任务，而换热器作为能量转换过程中的一个关键设备，提高其换热效率是各项任务中的重中之重。
本文首先对换热器强化传热机理进行了阐述，从理论上探究强化传热的技术的根本所在；其次，又介绍了现有的管程强化传热技术，分析其优缺点，从中得到借鉴。在此基础上，设计搭建了强化传热综合性能实验台，并利用此实验台针对不同结构、不同参数的转子进行了一系列实验研究，分析其传热特性以及阻力特性，与光管以及不同结构参数转子进行比较，采用工程中广泛应用的PEC评价标准对转子的综合性能进行评估，分析了转子结构参数的改变对强化传热综合效果的影响，以寻求最适合于工业应用的转子结构形式。从转子自身结构角度以及使用过程中出现的问题角度出发，分析了转子的安全性能及使用寿命。同时，对转子在换热管内的不同安装形式进行了实验分析。此外，本文还提出了一种新的转子连接方式，意在提高转子在使用过程中的安全性。
本文还利用自行设计搭建的可视化实验平台对转子进行了扰流实验，直观地证明转子对管内流体的扰动作用的存在。最后，通过转速测定实验得出了转子的起转流速。
Energy is the motive power of human survival and development, In theenergy use process, more than80%of energy conversion process is achievedby heat transfer process or heat exchanger. From the situation of our country,the per capita possession of resources and energy utilizing efficiency isconsiderably lower than other developed countries. So it is the main task ofour country to saving energy and using energy with high efficiency. Heatexchanger is the key equipment of industry in energy transformation,increasing its efficiency is the top priority of all tasks.
This thesis firstly presented heat transfer mechanism of heat exchangersand then theoretically studied the heat transfer enhancement technology. Theexisting technology of heat transfer enhancement on tube side was alsointroduced with its relative merits analyzed, which was drawn for futurestudies. On this basis, an experimental system has been designed andconstructed for the research of heat transfer enhancement; meanwhile, bycomparisons between plain tube and other rotors with different structuralparameters, a series of experiments for different structures and different parameters of rotors were carried out in order to analyze its heat transferperformance and friction performance. And the PEC criteria which widelyused in project evaluation to evaluate the comprehensive performance ofrotors, was utilized to analyze the influence of structure parameters oncomprehensive performance of heat transfer enhancement and seek out onekind of rotor which is most suitable for industrial applications. From thestructure of rotors and the problem arising in the use process point of view,this paper has analysed the safety performance and service life of rotors. Inaddition, experimental analysis of rotors with different installation positionswas presented. And a new connection mode was presented in order to raisethe safety of rotors in service.
Turbulence experimental investigation on visual experiment devicewhich was self-designed and constructed has been presented in order toqualitatively study the disturbance effect of rotors on tube-side flow. Finally,through rotate speed experiment draw the start rotating speed of rotors.
本文首先对换热器强化传热机理进行了阐述，从理论上探究强化传热的技术的根本所在；其次，又介绍了现有的管程强化传热技术，分析其优缺点，从中得到借鉴。在此基础上，设计搭建了强化传热综合性能实验台，并利用此实验台针对不同结构、不同参数的转子进行了一系列实验研究，分析其传热特性以及阻力特性，与光管以及不同结构参数转子进行比较，采用工程中广泛应用的PEC评价标准对转子的综合性能进行评估，分析了转子结构参数的改变对强化传热综合效果的影响，以寻求最适合于工业应用的转子结构形式。从转子自身结构角度以及使用过程中出现的问题角度出发，分析了转子的安全性能及使用寿命。同时，对转子在换热管内的不同安装形式进行了实验分析。此外，本文还提出了一种新的转子连接方式，意在提高转子在使用过程中的安全性。
本文还利用自行设计搭建的可视化实验平台对转子进行了扰流实验，直观地证明转子对管内流体的扰动作用的存在。最后，通过转速测定实验得出了转子的起转流速。
Energy is the motive power of human survival and development, In theenergy use process, more than80%of energy conversion process is achievedby heat transfer process or heat exchanger. From the situation of our country,the per capita possession of resources and energy utilizing efficiency isconsiderably lower than other developed countries. So it is the main task ofour country to saving energy and using energy with high efficiency. Heatexchanger is the key equipment of industry in energy transformation,increasing its efficiency is the top priority of all tasks.
This thesis firstly presented heat transfer mechanism of heat exchangersand then theoretically studied the heat transfer enhancement technology. Theexisting technology of heat transfer enhancement on tube side was alsointroduced with its relative merits analyzed, which was drawn for futurestudies. On this basis, an experimental system has been designed andconstructed for the research of heat transfer enhancement; meanwhile, bycomparisons between plain tube and other rotors with different structuralparameters, a series of experiments for different structures and different parameters of rotors were carried out in order to analyze its heat transferperformance and friction performance. And the PEC criteria which widelyused in project evaluation to evaluate the comprehensive performance ofrotors, was utilized to analyze the influence of structure parameters oncomprehensive performance of heat transfer enhancement and seek out onekind of rotor which is most suitable for industrial applications. From thestructure of rotors and the problem arising in the use process point of view,this paper has analysed the safety performance and service life of rotors. Inaddition, experimental analysis of rotors with different installation positionswas presented. And a new connection mode was presented in order to raisethe safety of rotors in service.
Turbulence experimental investigation on visual experiment devicewhich was self-designed and constructed has been presented in order toqualitatively study the disturbance effect of rotors on tube-side flow. Finally,through rotate speed experiment draw the start rotating speed of rotors.
引文
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