基于流程优化的政府集中代建项目管理
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摘要
采用政府集中代建模式管理的项目因其资金来源的特殊性,社会影响广泛,管理要求较高。政府集中代建项目管理具有极大的复杂性,主要表现在项目的多样性、目标的多元化、管理的层次性、环境的开放性、众多的参与者和信息的复杂性。由此引发了协调困难、管理效率不高和信息沟通困难等问题,尤其在工期紧迫的情况下尤甚,因此需要转变管理观念和变革管理方法技术,才能应对上述的种种挑战。
本文从流程入手研究政府集中代建项目管理,构建一个以流程优化为基础、协同管理信息平台为支撑、项目管理流程持续评价机制为方法的项目管理能力提升机制,并提出了五大流程优化原则,作为指导研究的主线和依据。
在对政府集中代建项目业务流程全面分析后,基于Petri网建立适合于多阶段、多任务、多角色参与的政府集中代建项目管理流程优化模型,着重针对施工准备阶段业务流程和工程款申请支付流程,使用ExSpect软件仿真模拟流程,诊断分析流程的性能瓶颈,了解优化后流程的特征及存在的风险,避免盲目实施优化引发新问题,有效实现了政府集中代建机构的项目管理业务流程优化。
在分析优化的政府集中代建项目管理流程基础上,采用计算机技术和网络技术,建立了基于流程驱动、覆盖代建项目管理全过程的政府集中代建多项目管理协同管理系统。基于工作流技术,一个项目的开始就是一个业务流的启动,以业务流驱动各功能模块,引导项目管理人员处理各类业务。借助于数据挖掘技术实现了从海量的多项目管理信息中提取数据,整理挖掘成项目运行的关键指标,以各种直观、明确的形式展示给各层次的管理者,支持多个项目的多业务、多层次、多阶段管理决策,对代建多项目管理大量的协同工作提供有力支持。
政府集中代建项目管理流程是一个不断完善的过程。根据我国政府集中代建项目特点,结合已有的管理成熟度模型,建立了具有较强操作性的项目管理流程持续评价机制。项目管理流程能力模型包括经验、基本、规范、集成和精益五个级别,从组织建设、流程体系建设与运作、专业管理、方法工具、人力资源五个过程域进行了定义。确定了评价指标和评判标准,给出了模糊识别的方法。建立了基于模糊识别的代建项目流程能力水平持续度量模型,通过对评价结果的分析可以得到一些有价值的信息,用于后期政府集中代建机构项目管理流程水平的优化与改进。
代建制在我国的发展时间还不太长,可供参考借鉴的管理经验比较有限。本文只是从流程角度进行了初步探讨,还需在以后不断完善。
Projects management of Centralized Deputized Construction Management has high demands due to the particularity of capital source and extensive social influence. This kind of project management is of complex in essence, which is embodied in project variety, target diversity, management hierarchy, environment openness, numerous paritcipant and information complex. In fact, many problems are occured such as cooperation difficulty, low management efficiency, information exchange difficulty and so on, especially in the situation of tight time limit of project. So it is essential that management concept and management methods should be changed to meet the challenges.
It is important that conducting agent project management starts with analysing the essence of project management process. Based on Business Process Improvement, a upgrading mechanism of agent project management was bulit up. In addition, three critical elements of the upgrading mechanism and five principles of project management process improvement were analyzed in detail.
After agent project management process were analyzed thoroughly, a comprehensive process improvement and process simulation method based on Petri was proposed. The method was suitable for the complexity of agent project management process improvement and was applied to a typical Centralized Deputized Construction Management Institution. Two key agent project management processes were anlysized. One was premilinary work for construction process, and the other was cost payment process. Two processes were also simulated by ExSpect software to learn about the risk features of process improvement. Practical application showed the time of improved processes was shortened obviosly, and the proposed process improvement method was effective.
On the basis of improved agent project management process, a multi-project collaborative management system was designed and developed by means of computer technology and network technique. The system covered the whole agent project management process including project feasibility studies, design, bidding, construction and other constrution processes. Based on workflow engine, the beginning of a project is the starting of a process and management work were driven by project management process. The system can give correct guidance to people to deal with their business and user interface can be customized according to different demands of different people. Based on Data mining technique, different useful data were extracted and integrated to be some key indexes and was shown in a brief, definite way for managers. The system is suitable for multi-stage and multi-level project management for multi-projects, and provides great supports for multi-project collaborative management.
Agent project management process needs continuous improvement. Considering the traits of agent project management, a project management process continuous improvement mechanism was proposed. The model of project management capability consists of five grades, which are experience grade, basic grade, specification grade, intergration grade and lean grade. A agent project management process maturaity model based on fuzzy recognition was designed. By which, some useful improvement information can be obtained and can be used for agent project management process improvement in the future.
本文从流程入手研究政府集中代建项目管理,构建一个以流程优化为基础、协同管理信息平台为支撑、项目管理流程持续评价机制为方法的项目管理能力提升机制,并提出了五大流程优化原则,作为指导研究的主线和依据。
在对政府集中代建项目业务流程全面分析后,基于Petri网建立适合于多阶段、多任务、多角色参与的政府集中代建项目管理流程优化模型,着重针对施工准备阶段业务流程和工程款申请支付流程,使用ExSpect软件仿真模拟流程,诊断分析流程的性能瓶颈,了解优化后流程的特征及存在的风险,避免盲目实施优化引发新问题,有效实现了政府集中代建机构的项目管理业务流程优化。
在分析优化的政府集中代建项目管理流程基础上,采用计算机技术和网络技术,建立了基于流程驱动、覆盖代建项目管理全过程的政府集中代建多项目管理协同管理系统。基于工作流技术,一个项目的开始就是一个业务流的启动,以业务流驱动各功能模块,引导项目管理人员处理各类业务。借助于数据挖掘技术实现了从海量的多项目管理信息中提取数据,整理挖掘成项目运行的关键指标,以各种直观、明确的形式展示给各层次的管理者,支持多个项目的多业务、多层次、多阶段管理决策,对代建多项目管理大量的协同工作提供有力支持。
政府集中代建项目管理流程是一个不断完善的过程。根据我国政府集中代建项目特点,结合已有的管理成熟度模型,建立了具有较强操作性的项目管理流程持续评价机制。项目管理流程能力模型包括经验、基本、规范、集成和精益五个级别,从组织建设、流程体系建设与运作、专业管理、方法工具、人力资源五个过程域进行了定义。确定了评价指标和评判标准,给出了模糊识别的方法。建立了基于模糊识别的代建项目流程能力水平持续度量模型,通过对评价结果的分析可以得到一些有价值的信息,用于后期政府集中代建机构项目管理流程水平的优化与改进。
代建制在我国的发展时间还不太长,可供参考借鉴的管理经验比较有限。本文只是从流程角度进行了初步探讨,还需在以后不断完善。
Projects management of Centralized Deputized Construction Management has high demands due to the particularity of capital source and extensive social influence. This kind of project management is of complex in essence, which is embodied in project variety, target diversity, management hierarchy, environment openness, numerous paritcipant and information complex. In fact, many problems are occured such as cooperation difficulty, low management efficiency, information exchange difficulty and so on, especially in the situation of tight time limit of project. So it is essential that management concept and management methods should be changed to meet the challenges.
It is important that conducting agent project management starts with analysing the essence of project management process. Based on Business Process Improvement, a upgrading mechanism of agent project management was bulit up. In addition, three critical elements of the upgrading mechanism and five principles of project management process improvement were analyzed in detail.
After agent project management process were analyzed thoroughly, a comprehensive process improvement and process simulation method based on Petri was proposed. The method was suitable for the complexity of agent project management process improvement and was applied to a typical Centralized Deputized Construction Management Institution. Two key agent project management processes were anlysized. One was premilinary work for construction process, and the other was cost payment process. Two processes were also simulated by ExSpect software to learn about the risk features of process improvement. Practical application showed the time of improved processes was shortened obviosly, and the proposed process improvement method was effective.
On the basis of improved agent project management process, a multi-project collaborative management system was designed and developed by means of computer technology and network technique. The system covered the whole agent project management process including project feasibility studies, design, bidding, construction and other constrution processes. Based on workflow engine, the beginning of a project is the starting of a process and management work were driven by project management process. The system can give correct guidance to people to deal with their business and user interface can be customized according to different demands of different people. Based on Data mining technique, different useful data were extracted and integrated to be some key indexes and was shown in a brief, definite way for managers. The system is suitable for multi-stage and multi-level project management for multi-projects, and provides great supports for multi-project collaborative management.
Agent project management process needs continuous improvement. Considering the traits of agent project management, a project management process continuous improvement mechanism was proposed. The model of project management capability consists of five grades, which are experience grade, basic grade, specification grade, intergration grade and lean grade. A agent project management process maturaity model based on fuzzy recognition was designed. By which, some useful improvement information can be obtained and can be used for agent project management process improvement in the future.
引文
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