禽流感与新城疫胶体金免疫层析快速检测技术及初步应用研究
|
摘要
禽流感(AI)与新城疫(ND)是世界公认的最重要的两大禽类传染病,可导致禽类的大量死亡或生产性能的急剧下降,给世界养禽业造成巨大的经济损失,同时由于禽流感病毒(AIV)可以感染人,引起人发病甚至死亡,给人类的公共卫生安全造成了极大的威胁。目前,对于AI和ND的诊断主要有病毒分离、血凝和血凝抑制、ELISA、RT-PCR等,但由于耗时冗长或需要特殊的仪器设备及技术人员,难以满足现场、适时快速诊断的要求。
胶体金免疫层析方法是以条状纤维层析材料为固相载体,通过毛细管作用原理,以胶体金为示踪物来显示结果的一种新型的检测方法。这种方法具有操作简单、快捷,分析结果清楚、易于判断,且不需要任何仪器、成本低廉等优点,非常适用于现场检测及自动化检测分析。因此,在医学快速检测领域得到了迅猛发展,目前已逐渐应用于动物医学领域的快速检测。
本研究针对目前禽类呼吸道疾病病原检测方法中存在的问题,运用胶体金免疫层析技术,采用双抗体夹心法原理,建立了两种禽类主要呼吸道病原的快速检测技术,取得了如下研究成果。
1.鸡抗AIV、鸡抗NDV和山羊抗鼠多克隆抗体的制备及纯化
用通过鸡胚传代,经超离浓缩后的AIV(H9N2)和NDV免疫健康鸡,同时,以纯化的小鼠IgG免疫山羊,制备了鸡抗AIV、鸡抗NDV、羊抗鼠高免血清。对所得高免血清分别采用饱和硫酸铵粗提和G-200过柱纯化,最后得到了纯化的鸡抗AIV、鸡抗NDV和羊抗鼠抗体。
2.单克隆抗体的制备与纯化
利用纯化的AIV融合表达蛋白GST-NP和NDV免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备免疫脾细胞,经过细胞融合、筛选和多次克隆分别获得5株针对AIV-NP,5株针对NDV-HN的能稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。同时对实验室制备和保存的禽流感H55E8和H94C4单克隆细胞株成功进行了复苏。经小鼠腹腔接种获得的单抗效价均较高,5株针对AIV-NP的ELISA效价均在1:3.2×10~4以上;5株针对NDV-HN的ELISA效价均在1:1.6×10~4以上,HI效价均在1:2~(10)以上;禽流感H55E8和H94C4的腹水HI效价分别为1:2~(14)和1:2~(16)。对其中效价高的几株进行了纯化,获得了高纯度的单克隆抗体。
3.胶体金及金标抗体的制备
采用柠檬酸三钠还原法,成功确立了20nm胶体金的制备条件;并利用制备好的胶体金,对前述制备的抗禽流感核蛋白单克隆抗体(AIV-NP5F4)、抗禽流感H9亚型血凝素单克隆抗体(H94C4)、抗禽流感H5亚型血凝素单克隆抗体(H55E8)、抗新城疫病毒血凝素神经氨酸酶单克隆抗体(NDV-HN2I3)进行了胶体金标记条件的摸索,成功确立了单克隆抗体的胶体金标记条件:最适pH值为8.0,最适标记量为12μg/mL胶体金,并制备了相应的金标抗体。
4.H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒免疫层析快速检测及鉴别诊断试纸条的研制
以胶体金标记禽流感H5、H9亚型血凝素单克隆抗体作为示踪物,用固定在检测线上的鸡抗AIV IgG作为捕获抗体,采用双抗体夹心法,分别成功地建立了H5、H9亚型AIV免疫层析快速检测试纸条。用制成的H9亚型AIV试纸条检测已知H9N2亚型AIV尿囊液和禽流感H9亚型标准血凝抗原时,检测线出现明显的紫红色条带,而阴性对照、其它AIV标准血凝抗原以及多种禽类病毒包括EDS-76V、NDV、IBV、ILTV,IBDV等均呈阴性反应;用制成的H5亚型AIV试纸条检测已知禽流感H5亚型标准血凝抗原时,检测线出现明显的紫红色条带,而阴性对照、其它AIV标准血凝抗原以及多种禽类病毒包括EDS-76V、NDV、IBV、ILTV,IBDV等均呈阴性反应。效价测定的结果表明,H9亚型AIV检测试纸条的灵敏度可以达到0.25个血凝单位,比血凝试验高4倍以上,H5亚型AIV检测试纸条的灵敏度与HA试验相当。在此基础上,本研究用金标记抗禽流感病毒核蛋白单克隆抗体作为示踪物,在两条检测线上分别包被禽流感H9亚型血凝素单克隆抗体H94C4、禽流感H5亚型血凝素单克隆抗体H55E8作为捕获抗体,建立了H5、H9亚型AIV快速鉴别诊断试纸条。实验结果证明,本方法特异性强,灵敏度高,且操作简便、结果判定直观,可以用于H5、H9亚型AIV的快速检测及鉴别诊断。
5.禽流感和新城疫病毒免疫层析快速检测及鉴别诊断试纸条的研制
本研究以胶体金标记抗AIV-NP单克隆抗体作为示踪物,用固定在检测线上的鸡抗AIV IgG作为捕获抗体,采用双抗体夹心法,成功地建立了AIV胶体金快速检测试纸条。用制成的试纸条检测已知H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒标准血凝抗原时,检测线出现明显的紫红色条带,而阴性对照、其它禽类病毒包括EDS-76V、NDV、IBV、ILTV,IBDV等均呈阴性反应;效价测定的结果表明,试纸条法的灵敏度比血凝试验高4倍以上。以胶体金标记抗NDV-HN单克隆抗体作为示踪物,用固定在检测线上的鸡抗NDV IgG捕获抗体,采用双抗体夹心法,成功地建立了NDV胶体金快速检测试纸条。用制成的试纸条检测已知NDV时,检测线出现明显的紫红色条带,而阴性对照,H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒标准血凝抗原以及其它禽类病毒包括EDS-76V、IBV、ILTV,IBDV等均呈阴性反应;效价测定的结果表明,试纸条法的灵敏度比血凝实验至少高4倍。在此基础上,采用一膜包被多个抗体的方法,用混合后的金标记抗AIV-NP单克隆抗体和胶体金标记抗NDV-HN单克隆抗体作为示踪物,建立了AIV和NDV快速鉴别诊断试纸条。实验结果证明,本方法特异性强,灵敏度高,且操作简便、结果判定直观,可以用于AIV和NDV的检测与鉴别诊断。
6.禽流感病毒通用型及H9亚型快速检测试剂盒的研制与应用
用建立的快速检测方法成功研制出禽流感病毒快速检测试剂盒和H9亚型禽流感病毒快速检测试剂盒。分别对两种试剂盒进行了特异性、敏感性、重复性及保存期的测定。结果表明,在4℃能保存12个月,室温能保存6个月而特异性和敏感性没有任何变化,而且特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好,操作简单、方便,能快速、准确地检测出样品中是否带有禽流感病毒或H9亚型禽流感病毒抗原。对试剂盒的验证结果表明,两种试剂盒均能在感染三天之内检出禽流感病毒,真正达到了早期检测的要求。临床采集311份样品,用H9亚型禽流感病毒快速检测试剂盒及禽流感病毒快速检测试剂盒进行检测,检出率分别为35%和39.2%,与本室早期研制的禽流感病原ELISA诊断试剂盒的符合率分别为92%和100%,对试剂盒检测样品的病毒分离鉴定证明无一漏检。
Avian influenza(AI) and New castle disease are the two capital contagious disease in birds caused by avian influenza virus(AIV) and new castle disease virus(NDV) respectively.Both avian influenza and new castle disease can cause tremendous economic losses in poultry industry and since avian influenza virus can infect human beings and cause disease even death,which become a threat for humans and raise great public health concern.
Various laboratory methods are currently available for the detection and surveillance of AIV,and include virus isolation,hemagglutination(HA) assay, hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test,enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA) and RT-PCR.However,these assays are laborious and time consuming,difficult to incorporate into automated procedure,and require laboratory operation,skilled technicians,and special equipment/facilities,are limited in spot,real time and rapid application.
Immunochromatographic assay is a new immunochromatographic technique in which a cellulose membrane is used as the carrier,and a colloidal gold-labeled antigen or antibody is used as the tracer.It is simple,rapid and cheap,and the result is clear and easy to analyze without any equipment/facilities and skilled technicians.Since it is very suitable for spot,rapid detection and automatic detection,the method has been widely used for rapid detection in human medicine,and more recently,it has been used for rapid detection in veterinary medical analysis.
Facing the shortage of the present methods used in detecting pathogens of respiratory disease in poultry,a technology system for rapid detecting pathogens of respiratory disease in poultry was drawn up using the principle and technology of colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay.This study focused on developing and evaluating the method for rapid detection of avian influenza virus and new castle disease virus and the results were reported as follows.
1.Preparation of polyclonal antibodies of chicken anti-AIV,chicken anti-NDV and goat anti-mouse IgG
AIV(H9N2) and NDV were inoculated into 9 to 10-day embryonating chicken eggs by the allantoic route respectively,then allantoic fluid was harvested and enriched by centrifuging at 30,000r/m.Chickens were immunized with prepared AIV and NDV emulsified with Frund's adjuvant,at the same time,goats were immunized with purified mouse IgG emulsified with Frund's adjuvant.Sera of chicken anti-AIV,chicken anti-NDV and goat anti-mouse IgG were acquired after several inoculations,and the titers of AGID reach 1:64.The depurated antibodies were obtained after these sera were purified by(NH_4)_2SO_4 precipitation and G-200 respectively.
2.Preparation monoclonal antibodies used in this study
After immunization of BALB/C mice with the purified NDV and GST-NP from AIV respectively,the stimulated splenocytes were routinely fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells to produce hybridomas.After three cycles of cloning,5 stable hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies to AIV and 5 to NDV were obtained.At the same time, Hybridoma cells H55E8 and H94C4 were recovered which were previously prepared in our lab.All the Hybridoma cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 with 5%FCS,harvested and injected into nude mice,and then mouse ascetic fluids were harvested 10 days later. The ELISA titers of 5 monoclonal antibodies for AIV-NP were 1:32000～1:64000 and 5 monoclonal antibodies for NDV-NH were 1:16000～1:64000 with the HI titers of 1:1024～1:16384.The HI titer of monoclonal antibody H55E8 and H94C4 were 1:16384 and 1:65536 respectively.Selected monoclonal antibodies with higher titers were purified from mouse ascetic fluids using sequential precipitation with caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate.
3.Preparation of colloidal and immuno-colloidal,gold
After the preparing conditions were established,colloidal gold of 20nm was prepared with reducing reaction using trisodium citrate.Studies were progressed on the optimal conditions about preparing the colloidal gold conjugates with monoclonal antibodies previously prepared,such as monoclonal antibody 5F4 against neucleoprotein of AIV,monoclonal antibody H94C4 against hemagglutinin of H9AIV,monoclonal antibody H55E8 against hemagglutinin of H5AIV and monoclonal antibody 213 against hemagglutinin-neuramidinase of NDV.After the optimal conditions were developed(the optimal pH is 8.0,the optimal mount of monoclonal antibody is 12μg/mL),colloidal gold-5F4 conjugate,colloidal gold-H94C4 conjugate,colloidal gold- H55E8 conjugate and colloidal gold-213 conjugate were prepared respectively according to the method previously described.
4.Development of immunochromatographic strips for rapid detection and differential diagnosis of HS,H9 subtype of avian influenza viruses
Two immunochromatographic strips were developed respectively for rapid detection of the H5,H9 subtype of avian influenza viruses in poultry with sandwich method.The monoclonal antibody 4C4 for H9AIV hemagglutinin,5E8 for H5AIV were labeled with colloidal gold as the detection reagent respectively,and the chicken anti-AIV IgG was blotted on the test line while a goat anti-mouse antibody was used on the control line of the nitrocellulose membrane.To determine the specificity of the immunochromatographic strip for the detection of H9AIV,allantoic fluids harvested from H9N2 infected eggs at 64 units of HA,allantoic fluids from unmanipulated eggs, together with standard antigens of H5,H7,or H9AIV and other viruses,were characterized using the immunochromatographic strips simultaneously.Clearly,while all of the samples tested showed one strong band on the control line,only allantoic fluid harvested from H9N2 infected eggs and the standard H9 AIV antigen displayed an additional band on the test line on the immunochromatographic strips.This suggests that the immunochromatographic strip can specifically detect H9AIV,but not other tested AIVs,NDV,IBV,IBDV,ILTV,and FAV,common infectious viruses in poultry.To determine the specificity of the immunochromatographic strip for the detection of H5AIV,allantoic fluids from unmanipulated eggs,together with standard antigens of H5, H7,or H9AIV and other viruses,were characterized using the immunochromatographic strips simultaneously.Clearly,while all of the samples tested showed one strong band on the control line,only the standard H5AIV antigen displayed an additional band on the test line on the immunochromatographic strips.This suggests that the immunochromatographic strip can specifically detect H5AIV,but not other tested AIVs, or other common infectious viruses in poultry.In comparison with the hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test,the sensitivity of the immunochromatographic strip for the detection of H9AIV reached a level of 0.25 units of HA antigens,approximately 4 times higher than HA test,while the immunochromatographic strip for the detection of H5AIV only reached the HA test level. At the same time,another immunochromatographic strip was developed for the differential diagnosis of H5 and H9 subtype of avian influenza virus.The monoclonal antibody 5F4 for neucleoprotein of AIV was labeled with colloidal gold as a detection reagent,and the monoclonal antibody 4C4 for H9AIV and monoclonal antibody 5E8 for H5AIV were blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane with 5mm wide width as test line 1 and test line 2 respectively.Results suggested that the strips were easy to operate and can be applied in rapid detecting and differential diagnosing H5,H9 subtype of AIV with high specificity and sensitivity within 10 minute.
5.Development of immunochromatographic strips for rapid detection and differential diagnosis of avian influenza virus and New castle disease virus
An immunochromatographic strip was developed for the detection of AIV in poultry with sandwich method.The monoclonal antibody 5F4 for neucleoprotein of AIV was labeled with colloidal gold as a detection reagent,and the chicken anti-AIV IgG was blotted on the test line while a goat anti-mouse antibody was used on the control line of the nitrocellulose membrane.To determine the specificity of the immunochromatographic strip,standard antigens of H5,H7,or H9AIV and other viruses were characterized using the immunochromatographic strips simultaneously.Clearly, while all of the samples tested showed one strong band on the control line,only the standard H5,H7 and H9 AIV antigen displayed an additional band on the test line on the immunochromatographic strips.This suggests that the immunochromatographic strip can specifically detect AIV,but not other tested virus common infected in poultry,such as NDV,IBV,IBDV,ILTV,and FAV,.In comparison with the hemagglutination(HA) and hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test,the sensitivity of the immunochromatographic strip reached a level of 0.25 units of HA antigens,approximately 4 times higher than HA test.
At the same time,another immunochromatographic strip was developed for the detection of NDV in poultry with sandwich method.The monoclonal antibody 213 for hemagglutinin neuraminidase of NDV was labeled with colloidal gold as a detection reagent,and the chicken anti-NDV IgG was blotted on the test line while a goat anti-mouse antibody was used on the control line of the nitrocellulose membrane.One strong band showed on control line when the standard H5,H7,H9 AIV antigens and other virus common infected in poultry were tested by the strip,while an additional band showed on test line when detecting NDV.Results suggested that the strip can specifically detect NDV with high sensitivity at 4 times higher than HA.
Based on the previous work,an immunochromatographic strip was developed for the differential diagnosis of NDV in poultry.The colloidal gold-5F4 conjugate and colloidal gold-213 were mixed as the detection reagent,and the chicken anti-NDV IgG and chicken anti-AIV IgG were blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane with 5mm wide width as test line 1 and test line 2 respectively.Results suggested that the strip can be applied in differential diagnosing NDV and AIV with high specificity and sensitivity within 10 minute.
6.Preparation and application of kits for rapid detection of general type and H9 subtype avian influenza virus
Two kits were developed for rapid detection of avian influenza virus and H9 subtype avian influenza virus based on rapid detecting immunochromatographic assay previously developed.According to the method described above,experiments were progressed to evaluate the specificity,sensitivity,reproducibility and stability.Storage of the kits at room temperature for six months or at 4℃for 12 months did not change their sensitivity and specificity.Evaluation of the kits on experimental tracheal and cloacal swab samples collected from HgN2-infected chickens revealed that both of the two rapid test kits detected the HgN2 viruses on day 3 post-inoculation,earlier than the appearance of clinical symptoms.Application of the kits for detection of AIV and H9AIV for analysis of 311 samples collected from potentially infected chickens,the positive ratio was 39.2%and 35%with a coincidence at 100%and 92%respectively with the ELISA kits previously prepared in our lab.Further characterization samples randomly selected showed that no single sample was false positive or negative,as determined by the standard virus isolation and HI assays.Therefore,the two rapid test kits for the detection of AIV and H9AIV both have high specificity,sensitivity and stability.This,together with the advantages of rapid detection and easy operation without requirement for special skills and equipments,makes it suitable for the on-site detection of AIV and differentiation of H9AIV from other viruses in poultry.
胶体金免疫层析方法是以条状纤维层析材料为固相载体,通过毛细管作用原理,以胶体金为示踪物来显示结果的一种新型的检测方法。这种方法具有操作简单、快捷,分析结果清楚、易于判断,且不需要任何仪器、成本低廉等优点,非常适用于现场检测及自动化检测分析。因此,在医学快速检测领域得到了迅猛发展,目前已逐渐应用于动物医学领域的快速检测。
本研究针对目前禽类呼吸道疾病病原检测方法中存在的问题,运用胶体金免疫层析技术,采用双抗体夹心法原理,建立了两种禽类主要呼吸道病原的快速检测技术,取得了如下研究成果。
1.鸡抗AIV、鸡抗NDV和山羊抗鼠多克隆抗体的制备及纯化
用通过鸡胚传代,经超离浓缩后的AIV(H9N2)和NDV免疫健康鸡,同时,以纯化的小鼠IgG免疫山羊,制备了鸡抗AIV、鸡抗NDV、羊抗鼠高免血清。对所得高免血清分别采用饱和硫酸铵粗提和G-200过柱纯化,最后得到了纯化的鸡抗AIV、鸡抗NDV和羊抗鼠抗体。
2.单克隆抗体的制备与纯化
利用纯化的AIV融合表达蛋白GST-NP和NDV免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备免疫脾细胞,经过细胞融合、筛选和多次克隆分别获得5株针对AIV-NP,5株针对NDV-HN的能稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。同时对实验室制备和保存的禽流感H55E8和H94C4单克隆细胞株成功进行了复苏。经小鼠腹腔接种获得的单抗效价均较高,5株针对AIV-NP的ELISA效价均在1:3.2×10~4以上;5株针对NDV-HN的ELISA效价均在1:1.6×10~4以上,HI效价均在1:2~(10)以上;禽流感H55E8和H94C4的腹水HI效价分别为1:2~(14)和1:2~(16)。对其中效价高的几株进行了纯化,获得了高纯度的单克隆抗体。
3.胶体金及金标抗体的制备
采用柠檬酸三钠还原法,成功确立了20nm胶体金的制备条件;并利用制备好的胶体金,对前述制备的抗禽流感核蛋白单克隆抗体(AIV-NP5F4)、抗禽流感H9亚型血凝素单克隆抗体(H94C4)、抗禽流感H5亚型血凝素单克隆抗体(H55E8)、抗新城疫病毒血凝素神经氨酸酶单克隆抗体(NDV-HN2I3)进行了胶体金标记条件的摸索,成功确立了单克隆抗体的胶体金标记条件:最适pH值为8.0,最适标记量为12μg/mL胶体金,并制备了相应的金标抗体。
4.H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒免疫层析快速检测及鉴别诊断试纸条的研制
以胶体金标记禽流感H5、H9亚型血凝素单克隆抗体作为示踪物,用固定在检测线上的鸡抗AIV IgG作为捕获抗体,采用双抗体夹心法,分别成功地建立了H5、H9亚型AIV免疫层析快速检测试纸条。用制成的H9亚型AIV试纸条检测已知H9N2亚型AIV尿囊液和禽流感H9亚型标准血凝抗原时,检测线出现明显的紫红色条带,而阴性对照、其它AIV标准血凝抗原以及多种禽类病毒包括EDS-76V、NDV、IBV、ILTV,IBDV等均呈阴性反应;用制成的H5亚型AIV试纸条检测已知禽流感H5亚型标准血凝抗原时,检测线出现明显的紫红色条带,而阴性对照、其它AIV标准血凝抗原以及多种禽类病毒包括EDS-76V、NDV、IBV、ILTV,IBDV等均呈阴性反应。效价测定的结果表明,H9亚型AIV检测试纸条的灵敏度可以达到0.25个血凝单位,比血凝试验高4倍以上,H5亚型AIV检测试纸条的灵敏度与HA试验相当。在此基础上,本研究用金标记抗禽流感病毒核蛋白单克隆抗体作为示踪物,在两条检测线上分别包被禽流感H9亚型血凝素单克隆抗体H94C4、禽流感H5亚型血凝素单克隆抗体H55E8作为捕获抗体,建立了H5、H9亚型AIV快速鉴别诊断试纸条。实验结果证明,本方法特异性强,灵敏度高,且操作简便、结果判定直观,可以用于H5、H9亚型AIV的快速检测及鉴别诊断。
5.禽流感和新城疫病毒免疫层析快速检测及鉴别诊断试纸条的研制
本研究以胶体金标记抗AIV-NP单克隆抗体作为示踪物,用固定在检测线上的鸡抗AIV IgG作为捕获抗体,采用双抗体夹心法,成功地建立了AIV胶体金快速检测试纸条。用制成的试纸条检测已知H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒标准血凝抗原时,检测线出现明显的紫红色条带,而阴性对照、其它禽类病毒包括EDS-76V、NDV、IBV、ILTV,IBDV等均呈阴性反应;效价测定的结果表明,试纸条法的灵敏度比血凝试验高4倍以上。以胶体金标记抗NDV-HN单克隆抗体作为示踪物,用固定在检测线上的鸡抗NDV IgG捕获抗体,采用双抗体夹心法,成功地建立了NDV胶体金快速检测试纸条。用制成的试纸条检测已知NDV时,检测线出现明显的紫红色条带,而阴性对照,H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒标准血凝抗原以及其它禽类病毒包括EDS-76V、IBV、ILTV,IBDV等均呈阴性反应;效价测定的结果表明,试纸条法的灵敏度比血凝实验至少高4倍。在此基础上,采用一膜包被多个抗体的方法,用混合后的金标记抗AIV-NP单克隆抗体和胶体金标记抗NDV-HN单克隆抗体作为示踪物,建立了AIV和NDV快速鉴别诊断试纸条。实验结果证明,本方法特异性强,灵敏度高,且操作简便、结果判定直观,可以用于AIV和NDV的检测与鉴别诊断。
6.禽流感病毒通用型及H9亚型快速检测试剂盒的研制与应用
用建立的快速检测方法成功研制出禽流感病毒快速检测试剂盒和H9亚型禽流感病毒快速检测试剂盒。分别对两种试剂盒进行了特异性、敏感性、重复性及保存期的测定。结果表明,在4℃能保存12个月,室温能保存6个月而特异性和敏感性没有任何变化,而且特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好,操作简单、方便,能快速、准确地检测出样品中是否带有禽流感病毒或H9亚型禽流感病毒抗原。对试剂盒的验证结果表明,两种试剂盒均能在感染三天之内检出禽流感病毒,真正达到了早期检测的要求。临床采集311份样品,用H9亚型禽流感病毒快速检测试剂盒及禽流感病毒快速检测试剂盒进行检测,检出率分别为35%和39.2%,与本室早期研制的禽流感病原ELISA诊断试剂盒的符合率分别为92%和100%,对试剂盒检测样品的病毒分离鉴定证明无一漏检。
Avian influenza(AI) and New castle disease are the two capital contagious disease in birds caused by avian influenza virus(AIV) and new castle disease virus(NDV) respectively.Both avian influenza and new castle disease can cause tremendous economic losses in poultry industry and since avian influenza virus can infect human beings and cause disease even death,which become a threat for humans and raise great public health concern.
Various laboratory methods are currently available for the detection and surveillance of AIV,and include virus isolation,hemagglutination(HA) assay, hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test,enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA) and RT-PCR.However,these assays are laborious and time consuming,difficult to incorporate into automated procedure,and require laboratory operation,skilled technicians,and special equipment/facilities,are limited in spot,real time and rapid application.
Immunochromatographic assay is a new immunochromatographic technique in which a cellulose membrane is used as the carrier,and a colloidal gold-labeled antigen or antibody is used as the tracer.It is simple,rapid and cheap,and the result is clear and easy to analyze without any equipment/facilities and skilled technicians.Since it is very suitable for spot,rapid detection and automatic detection,the method has been widely used for rapid detection in human medicine,and more recently,it has been used for rapid detection in veterinary medical analysis.
Facing the shortage of the present methods used in detecting pathogens of respiratory disease in poultry,a technology system for rapid detecting pathogens of respiratory disease in poultry was drawn up using the principle and technology of colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay.This study focused on developing and evaluating the method for rapid detection of avian influenza virus and new castle disease virus and the results were reported as follows.
1.Preparation of polyclonal antibodies of chicken anti-AIV,chicken anti-NDV and goat anti-mouse IgG
AIV(H9N2) and NDV were inoculated into 9 to 10-day embryonating chicken eggs by the allantoic route respectively,then allantoic fluid was harvested and enriched by centrifuging at 30,000r/m.Chickens were immunized with prepared AIV and NDV emulsified with Frund's adjuvant,at the same time,goats were immunized with purified mouse IgG emulsified with Frund's adjuvant.Sera of chicken anti-AIV,chicken anti-NDV and goat anti-mouse IgG were acquired after several inoculations,and the titers of AGID reach 1:64.The depurated antibodies were obtained after these sera were purified by(NH_4)_2SO_4 precipitation and G-200 respectively.
2.Preparation monoclonal antibodies used in this study
After immunization of BALB/C mice with the purified NDV and GST-NP from AIV respectively,the stimulated splenocytes were routinely fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells to produce hybridomas.After three cycles of cloning,5 stable hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies to AIV and 5 to NDV were obtained.At the same time, Hybridoma cells H55E8 and H94C4 were recovered which were previously prepared in our lab.All the Hybridoma cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 with 5%FCS,harvested and injected into nude mice,and then mouse ascetic fluids were harvested 10 days later. The ELISA titers of 5 monoclonal antibodies for AIV-NP were 1:32000～1:64000 and 5 monoclonal antibodies for NDV-NH were 1:16000～1:64000 with the HI titers of 1:1024～1:16384.The HI titer of monoclonal antibody H55E8 and H94C4 were 1:16384 and 1:65536 respectively.Selected monoclonal antibodies with higher titers were purified from mouse ascetic fluids using sequential precipitation with caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate.
3.Preparation of colloidal and immuno-colloidal,gold
After the preparing conditions were established,colloidal gold of 20nm was prepared with reducing reaction using trisodium citrate.Studies were progressed on the optimal conditions about preparing the colloidal gold conjugates with monoclonal antibodies previously prepared,such as monoclonal antibody 5F4 against neucleoprotein of AIV,monoclonal antibody H94C4 against hemagglutinin of H9AIV,monoclonal antibody H55E8 against hemagglutinin of H5AIV and monoclonal antibody 213 against hemagglutinin-neuramidinase of NDV.After the optimal conditions were developed(the optimal pH is 8.0,the optimal mount of monoclonal antibody is 12μg/mL),colloidal gold-5F4 conjugate,colloidal gold-H94C4 conjugate,colloidal gold- H55E8 conjugate and colloidal gold-213 conjugate were prepared respectively according to the method previously described.
4.Development of immunochromatographic strips for rapid detection and differential diagnosis of HS,H9 subtype of avian influenza viruses
Two immunochromatographic strips were developed respectively for rapid detection of the H5,H9 subtype of avian influenza viruses in poultry with sandwich method.The monoclonal antibody 4C4 for H9AIV hemagglutinin,5E8 for H5AIV were labeled with colloidal gold as the detection reagent respectively,and the chicken anti-AIV IgG was blotted on the test line while a goat anti-mouse antibody was used on the control line of the nitrocellulose membrane.To determine the specificity of the immunochromatographic strip for the detection of H9AIV,allantoic fluids harvested from H9N2 infected eggs at 64 units of HA,allantoic fluids from unmanipulated eggs, together with standard antigens of H5,H7,or H9AIV and other viruses,were characterized using the immunochromatographic strips simultaneously.Clearly,while all of the samples tested showed one strong band on the control line,only allantoic fluid harvested from H9N2 infected eggs and the standard H9 AIV antigen displayed an additional band on the test line on the immunochromatographic strips.This suggests that the immunochromatographic strip can specifically detect H9AIV,but not other tested AIVs,NDV,IBV,IBDV,ILTV,and FAV,common infectious viruses in poultry.To determine the specificity of the immunochromatographic strip for the detection of H5AIV,allantoic fluids from unmanipulated eggs,together with standard antigens of H5, H7,or H9AIV and other viruses,were characterized using the immunochromatographic strips simultaneously.Clearly,while all of the samples tested showed one strong band on the control line,only the standard H5AIV antigen displayed an additional band on the test line on the immunochromatographic strips.This suggests that the immunochromatographic strip can specifically detect H5AIV,but not other tested AIVs, or other common infectious viruses in poultry.In comparison with the hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test,the sensitivity of the immunochromatographic strip for the detection of H9AIV reached a level of 0.25 units of HA antigens,approximately 4 times higher than HA test,while the immunochromatographic strip for the detection of H5AIV only reached the HA test level. At the same time,another immunochromatographic strip was developed for the differential diagnosis of H5 and H9 subtype of avian influenza virus.The monoclonal antibody 5F4 for neucleoprotein of AIV was labeled with colloidal gold as a detection reagent,and the monoclonal antibody 4C4 for H9AIV and monoclonal antibody 5E8 for H5AIV were blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane with 5mm wide width as test line 1 and test line 2 respectively.Results suggested that the strips were easy to operate and can be applied in rapid detecting and differential diagnosing H5,H9 subtype of AIV with high specificity and sensitivity within 10 minute.
5.Development of immunochromatographic strips for rapid detection and differential diagnosis of avian influenza virus and New castle disease virus
An immunochromatographic strip was developed for the detection of AIV in poultry with sandwich method.The monoclonal antibody 5F4 for neucleoprotein of AIV was labeled with colloidal gold as a detection reagent,and the chicken anti-AIV IgG was blotted on the test line while a goat anti-mouse antibody was used on the control line of the nitrocellulose membrane.To determine the specificity of the immunochromatographic strip,standard antigens of H5,H7,or H9AIV and other viruses were characterized using the immunochromatographic strips simultaneously.Clearly, while all of the samples tested showed one strong band on the control line,only the standard H5,H7 and H9 AIV antigen displayed an additional band on the test line on the immunochromatographic strips.This suggests that the immunochromatographic strip can specifically detect AIV,but not other tested virus common infected in poultry,such as NDV,IBV,IBDV,ILTV,and FAV,.In comparison with the hemagglutination(HA) and hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test,the sensitivity of the immunochromatographic strip reached a level of 0.25 units of HA antigens,approximately 4 times higher than HA test.
At the same time,another immunochromatographic strip was developed for the detection of NDV in poultry with sandwich method.The monoclonal antibody 213 for hemagglutinin neuraminidase of NDV was labeled with colloidal gold as a detection reagent,and the chicken anti-NDV IgG was blotted on the test line while a goat anti-mouse antibody was used on the control line of the nitrocellulose membrane.One strong band showed on control line when the standard H5,H7,H9 AIV antigens and other virus common infected in poultry were tested by the strip,while an additional band showed on test line when detecting NDV.Results suggested that the strip can specifically detect NDV with high sensitivity at 4 times higher than HA.
Based on the previous work,an immunochromatographic strip was developed for the differential diagnosis of NDV in poultry.The colloidal gold-5F4 conjugate and colloidal gold-213 were mixed as the detection reagent,and the chicken anti-NDV IgG and chicken anti-AIV IgG were blotted on the nitrocellulose membrane with 5mm wide width as test line 1 and test line 2 respectively.Results suggested that the strip can be applied in differential diagnosing NDV and AIV with high specificity and sensitivity within 10 minute.
6.Preparation and application of kits for rapid detection of general type and H9 subtype avian influenza virus
Two kits were developed for rapid detection of avian influenza virus and H9 subtype avian influenza virus based on rapid detecting immunochromatographic assay previously developed.According to the method described above,experiments were progressed to evaluate the specificity,sensitivity,reproducibility and stability.Storage of the kits at room temperature for six months or at 4℃for 12 months did not change their sensitivity and specificity.Evaluation of the kits on experimental tracheal and cloacal swab samples collected from HgN2-infected chickens revealed that both of the two rapid test kits detected the HgN2 viruses on day 3 post-inoculation,earlier than the appearance of clinical symptoms.Application of the kits for detection of AIV and H9AIV for analysis of 311 samples collected from potentially infected chickens,the positive ratio was 39.2%and 35%with a coincidence at 100%and 92%respectively with the ELISA kits previously prepared in our lab.Further characterization samples randomly selected showed that no single sample was false positive or negative,as determined by the standard virus isolation and HI assays.Therefore,the two rapid test kits for the detection of AIV and H9AIV both have high specificity,sensitivity and stability.This,together with the advantages of rapid detection and easy operation without requirement for special skills and equipments,makes it suitable for the on-site detection of AIV and differentiation of H9AIV from other viruses in poultry.
引文
1.毕英佐.H9N2亚型禽流感的流行现状和防治措施.家禽科学,2007,11:1-5
2.边传周,郑鸣,任敏.胶体金免疫层析法检测猪PRVgE抗体方法的建立及应用.中国预防兽医学报,2006,28(2):204-207
3.蔡家利,吴胜昔,胡仁建,姜和,王健.胶体金免疫层析法快速诊断禽流感.重庆工学院学报,2006,20(11):4-7
4.蔡强,吴维明,陈裕泉.纳米金的电检测方法与免疫检测中的应用.传感技术学报,2003,6(2):124-27
5.曹斌,周新民.免疫鸡群发生非典型新城疫的调查报告.畜禽业,1999,11:56
6.陈化兰,于康震,田国滨,唐秀英,卢景良.禽流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆及其DNA疫苗的免疫原性.中国兽医学报,1997,17(6):555-558
7.陈莉莉,郭小梅,马业新,孙自庸.心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白金标记免疫层析法的建立.临床检验杂志,2006,24(5):324-325
8.陈连康,曾立波,赵志强,陈安,丛林.胶体金标记检测大麻单克隆抗体免疫试剂盒研制.中国法医学杂志,2002,17(2):93-95
9.陈琼,孔繁德,张长弓,彭海滨,徐淑菲.沙门氏菌快速检测试纸条的研制与应用.福建畜牧兽医,2006,28(5):6-8
10.陈双红,王发锁,田力,徐雄利,巴剑波,武文斌.胶体金免疫层析法检测结核杆菌抗体的研究.海军医学杂志,2005,26(2):104-106
11.谌志强,段惠莉,王新为,金敏,郭金鹏,古长庆,李君文.大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的胶体金免疫渗滤法检测.中国公共卫生,2005,21(6):705-706
12.崔尚金,陈化兰,唐秀英,邓国华,田国斌,于康震.禽流感RT-PCR诊断方法的建立.中国畜禽传染病,1998,20(2):105-107
13.崔尚金,姜建宏,周艳君,仇华吉,童光志.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征胶体金抗体检测技术的建立和初步应用.2005,27(3):213-217
14.崔治中.我国家禽新城疫流行现状.中国家禽,2002,24(4):4-6
15.戴荣四,刘毅,胡仕凤,李芬,王贵平.鸡新城疫免疫胶体金诊断技术的研究.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32(2):169-172
16.邓国华,唐秀英,田国斌.禽流感病毒重组核蛋白在琼扩诊断中的应用.中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(增刊):25-27
17.邓艳琴,严延生,何似,翁育伟,陈亮.应用快速免疫层析法检测恙虫病特异性IgM、IgG 及总抗体.中国人兽共患病杂志,2003,19(6):52-54
18.杜玉萍,陈清,王雅贤,俞守义.胶体金免疫层析法检测金黄色葡萄球菌的初步研究.热带医学杂志,2006,6(6):650-652
19.方邢有,高志贤.胶体金免疫层析法检测罂粟碱的研究.分析试验室,2005,24(12):1-4
20.干小仙,施晓华,王越,王芃芃,沈慧英,朱明东,汤益,张素娥.肺吸虫抗体快速检测试剂盒(金标渗滤法)的研制和应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2005,21(11):988-990
21.甘孟侯.禽流感(第2版).北京:中国农业出版社,2002
22.甘孟侯.全球禽流感的流行形势.中国预防兽医学报,2004,26(6):468-471
23.高玲美,田夫林,牛钟相,王贵升,丁淑艳.新城疫快速诊断试纸条的研制及初步应用.中国动物检疫,2004,21(8):22-24
24.葛祥武,张祯,袁奎敬,鲁景斌.胶体金免疫层析法快速测定金丝桃素中氯霉素的含量.饲料研究,2007,2:26-27
25.顾云,张莉,大野尚仁.鼠和兔中流行性感冒病毒抗体的制备及测定.药物生物技术,2003,10(2):106
26.郭元吉,李建国,程小雯,王敏,邹毅,李钏华,蔡访潺,瘳华乐,张烨,郭俊峰,黄瑞敏,贝东.禽H9N2亚型流感病毒能感染人的发现.中国实验和临床病毒学杂志,1999,13(2):105-108
27.郝桂兰,程雷,陈昌海,徐正军,刘耀兴.应用免疫胶体金试验对鸽禽Ⅰ型副黏病毒病的快速鉴别诊断.中国家禽,2005,27(10):30
28.何昭阳,胡桂学,王春风主编.动物免疫学实验技术.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2002,59-61
29.贺东生,宋长绪,刘福安.DNA-RNA杂交法检测新城疫病毒的研究.中国动物检疫,1997,14(5):10-11
30.洪林娣,朱明东.快速免疫诊断牛布鲁氏菌病新方法的研究.中国人兽共患病学报,2007,23(1):74-75
31.胡旭初,徐劲,陈守义,吴德,何东苟,余新炳.华支睾吸虫病金标诊断试剂盒的研制和现场初步实验.中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2003,16(3):152-154
32.黄庚明,辛朝安.PCR制备地高辛标记的探针检测禽流感病毒核酸.中国兽医杂志,2001,37(12):327
33.黄金海,王珍英,丁伯良,张键,赵向华,李秀丽.间接ELISA检测禽流感抗体方法的建立.动物医学进展,2004,25(4):111-113
34.黄进春.胶体金法与联苯胺法检测大便隐血的效果比较.现代中西医结合杂志,2007,6(1):35
35.黄素钦,吴秋芳,林秀珍,吴冰玲,温珠妹.胶体金免疫层析法快速检测丙肝抗体试剂盒的评估.临床输血与检验,2006,8(3):237
36.黄印尧,孔繁德,张长弓,颜江华,方莹.猪伪狂犬病抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸法的建立和应用.检验检疫科学,2004,14(增刊):50-52
37.冀虎岗,张子康.胶体金法检测浆膜腔积液中癌胚抗原的临床应用及评价.内蒙古医学杂 志,2006,38(8):725-726
38.蒋芳.浅谈我国禽流感疫情对家禽业的影响及建议.中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(10):25-26
39.蒋凤英,胡建华,王英,顾彩菊,李春华,孙凤萍,高骏,周震祥,黄启忠,倪建平.用单抗夹心ELISA快速检测鸡新城疫病毒.上海农业学报,2004,20(4):130-133
40.金颜辉,黄印尧,张长弓,梁全顺,方莹,关育芳,丘建华,洪英,黄雁.应用金免疫层析技术检测猪瘟抗体的研究.中国动物检疫,2004,21(5):26-27
41.金颜辉,黄印尧,张长弓,许先明,颜江华,杨得胜,孔繁德,王生育.猪圆环病毒2型抗体免疫金标检测试纸的研制.福建畜牧兽医,2007,29(1):5-7
42.柯岩,陈哲生.制备兔抗人IgG抗体的一种简便方法.微生物学通报,1997,24(5):315-317
43.李成.胶体金标记抗体技术.中国畜禽传染病,1987,5:59-61
44.李光迪,陈淑萍.胶体金免疫层析法初筛乙型肝炎表面抗原.国际检验医学杂志,2006,27(9):849-851
45.李海燕,辛晓光,田国斌,张晶,于康震.间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测禽流感抗体的最佳工作条件.中国畜禽传染病,1998,20(4):233-235
46.李海燕,辛晓光,田国斌,张晶,于康震.禽流感抗体斑点-ELISA诊断技术的研究.中国预防兽医学报,1999,21(5):321-324
47.李海燕,于康震,辛晓光,邓国华.禽流感病毒重组核蛋白ELISA诊断技术的研究.中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(3):182-185.
48.李海燕,于康震,辛晓光,秦运安,李雁冰,张晶.禽流感间接ELISA诊断试剂盒的研制及应用.中国预防兽医学报,2001,23(5):372-376
49.李莉,劳海苗,吴英松,郝文波,李明.恶性疟原虫重组乳酸脱氢酶胶体金免疫层析法检测试纸条的研制.中国病原生物学杂志,2006,1(5):348-351
50.李伟,王静,胡孔新,姚李四,陈维娜,闫中强,周蕾.应用胶体金免疫层析技术建立炭疽杆菌芽孢的快速检测方法.中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2004,27(6):329-331
51.李希友,田夫林,张秀娥,李建亮,崔言顺.半定量检测新城疫抗体胶体金试纸条的研制.畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(12):1373-1377
52.李曦.中国大陆H9N2亚型禽流感病毒遗传演化关系的研究.中国农业科学院,博士研究生论文,2002
53.李昕,邸宝华,李会强,常成林,刘运德.胶体金免疫层析法检测弓形虫循环抗原的研究.中国卫生检验杂志,2006,16(2):149-151
54.李妍,宁云山,李莉,彭丹丹,董文其,李明.抗恶性疟原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶单克隆抗体的研制与胶体金免疫层析方法的建立.第一军医大学学报,2005,25(4):435-438
55.李余动,张少恩,吴志刚,张晓辉,袁彩君,叶晓娟.胶体金免疫层析法快速检测氯霉素残留.中国食品卫生杂志,2005,7(5):416-419
56.李兆隆,张英兰,林涛,徐秀兰,常彩琴,郭红玲,吴博韬,蒋之连,涂政,王俭.抗人血红蛋白胶体金检测试剂条的研制.刑事技术,2002,5:10-12
57.李忠秋,刘春龙,李勐,王君伟.免疫胶体金半定量检测牛初乳IgG含量方法的建立及初步应用.中国奶牛,2006,1:12-15
58.李自力,许青荣,毕丁仁,王桂枝,程峰.湖北省禽流感的诊断及病毒株的分离与初步鉴定.中国预防兽医学报,2001,23(3):146-148
59.梁大立,李介华,唐浩熙,许葆然.金标法检测梅毒螺旋体抗体的可行性分析.中国误诊学杂志,2007,7(4):737-738
60.梁敬博,贺昕,熊晓东,张曦,吴聪.pH值对胶体金制备的影响.稀有金属,2005,29(4):468-470
61.刘春龙,李忠秋.免疫胶体金法和免疫单扩散法检测牛初乳中IgG含量的比较研究.吉林农业大学学报,2006,28(4):458-461
62.刘海侠,胡顺林,凌天星,赵明珍.当前新城疫的流行特点及其原因分析.畜牧兽医科技信息,2006,8:18-19
63.刘红旗,黄勇,程坚,彭大新,贾立军,张如宽,刘秀梵.在疫苗免疫选择压力下H9N2亚型禽流行性感冒病毒HA基因的遗传变异.病毒学报,2002,18(2):149-154
64.刘见.免疫金试纸法快速检测盐酸克伦特罗.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2004,22(4):350-354
65.刘明,于康震,崔尚金.RT-PCR快速诊断禽流感的研究.中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(增刊):176-179
66.刘庆业,覃爱苗,蒋治良,何佑秋,刘绍璞.聚乙二醇光化学法制备金纳米微粒及共振散射光谱研究.光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(11):1857-1860
67.刘玉冰,戴伟,刘波,尹克霞,徐宏秀,李桂玲,葛凌云.胶体金免疫层析法在脑囊虫病诊断中的应用.中国热带医学,2002,2(2):144-146
68.刘泽文,徐涤平,杨峻,邵华斌,段正赢,山口成夫.应用逆转录套式PCR检测禽流感病毒核酸研究.湖北农业科学,2003,4:90-92
69.吕贯廷,郭晏海,卢冰,陈蕤,李丁,阎小君.胶体金免疫斑点法检测人巨细胞病毒pp150抗体.临床检验杂志,2002,20(6):358-359
70.罗史科,吴润香,罗史南.快速胶体金免疫层析法在疟原虫感染诊断中的应用.热带医学杂志,2006,6(11):1112-1113
71.孟良玉,王志亮,魏荣,赵建梅,宋翠平,毕道荣,郑东霞,赵云玲,黄素珍.一株基因ⅤⅡ型新城疫病毒的分离与鉴定.动物医学进展,2003,24(2):97-99
72.米竹君,黄文萱,王桂秋.酶联免疫检测流感抗体的研究.中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,1981,1(5):351-355
73.彭大鹏.禽流感病毒抗体快速检测技术及初步应用研究.博士研究生毕业论文,华中农业大学,2005
74.彭和平,王志容,何文,卢立荣,彭新英.胶体金层析法检测尿中吗啡的探讨.临床和实验医学杂志,2007,6(1):121
75.彭剑淳,刘晓达,丁晓萍,付占江,王全立.可见光光谱法评价胶体金粒径及分布.军事医学科学院院刊,2000,24(3):211-212
76.秦爱建,邵红霞,钱辊,刘岳龙,金文杰.抗禽流感病毒H5和H9亚型血凝素特异性单克隆抗体的研制及应用.中国预防兽医学报,2003,23(5):161-163
77.曲萌,毕胜利,董志恒.胶体金免疫层析技术同步检测甲、戊型肝炎病毒IgM抗体的研究.中国实验诊断学,2003,7(2):90-92
78.任辉.免疫胶体金层析法快速检测食品中吗啡.中国公共卫生,2004,20(4):488
79.沈浩龙,张长弓,黄印尧,金颜辉,余谦,孔繁德,庄雪梅.禽流感抗原快速检测试纸条的研究.福建畜牧兽医,2006,28(6):11-13
80.宋农,李君文,王新为,古长庆.胶体金免疫层析法用于产肠毒素葡萄球菌快速检测的研究.中华检验医学杂志,2003,26(7):443-444.
81.苏世达,朱开剑,王林川.非典型新城疫成为危害山地养鸡的主要疾病.养禽与禽病防治,2006,12:38-39
82.孙思明,周焕英,房彦军,王红勇,高志贤.雌二醇的免疫胶体金试纸法检测.中国公共卫生,2007,23(1):126-127
83.孙秀兰.食品中黄曲霉素B1金标免疫层析检测方法研究.博士研究生毕业论文,江南大学,2005
84.檀华,何君,原丽,张美玲,端青.布鲁氏菌病快速诊断试纸的研制及初步应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2004,20(8):718
85.唐景峰,李晓艳,梅建军,刘锴,王兴龙.应用B.melitensis 16M 单克隆抗体建立羊布病的胶体金免疫层析检测体系.中国农学通报,2006,22(1 1):28-32
86.唐景峰,李晓艳,王兴龙,梅建军.布病胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立.中国生物制品学杂志,2007,20(2):119-121
87.唐雨德,周东明,陆承平.快速检测猪囊虫抗体的金免疫层析法的建立及应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2003,19(5):77-79
88.王爱华,王玉珠,孙继国,陈龙宾.胶体金快速诊断方法对鸡减蛋综合征病毒的检测.中国兽医科技,2005,35(11):856-858
89.王传彬,田新生,曹振,遇秀玲,孙明,陈西钊,王宏伟,田克恭.H5亚型禽流感病毒单抗-生物素捕获ELISA的建立.中国实验动物学报,2004,12(4):204-207
90.王德芝,陈冀莹,秦丽莉,赵保健,张春明.心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ胶体金免疫层析法的建立.中国辐射卫生,2006,15(2):156-157
91.王贵华,金梅林,陈焕春.RT-PCR快速诊断禽流感.中国预防兽医学报,2004,26(1):67-70
92.王浩,林松,鲁强,朱加虹,张少恩.磺胺二甲基嘧啶残留快速检测试剂条的研究.中国兽医杂志,2007,43(1):57-58
93.王金春.胶体金免疫层析法检测乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原.安庆医学,2006,27(2):14-15
94.王静,陈维娜,胡孔新,李伟,闫中强,周蕾,姚李四,牛春莉.大肠杆菌0157胶体金免疫层析快速筛查方法的建立.卫生研究,2006,35(4):439-441
95.王乐义,陈福勇.新城疫间接ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研究.中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(2):43-45
96.王丽,于守鸿,谢辉,王梅,杨永海,祁芝珍,王津.检测鼠疫抗原金标层析试剂盒的研制及应用.地方病通报,2006,21(5):14-15
97.王龙生,郭仁舆.胶体金标记技术的原理与应用.解剖学杂志,1990,13(2):164-167
98.王楠,徐淑坤,周宇.用葡萄糖制备纳米金及其与牛血清白蛋白偶联的研究.分析科学学报,2007,23(2):189-192
99.王鹏,任美英,王树平.应用金标法检测抗-HCV假阴性和假阳性的结果分析.实用医技杂志,2007,14(2):172-173
100.王小晋,吴昀.滴金法同步检测甲、乙、丙型肝炎病毒免疫标志物方法的建立及评价.现代诊断与治疗,2004,15(3):137-139
101.王秀荣,邓国华,于康震,石锐,刘丽玲,乔传玲,陈化兰,孔宪刚.在DNA芯片平台上探测AⅣ不同亚型cDNA.中国农业科学,2005,38(2):394-398
102.王艳华,李克生,才学鹏,杜慧芳,李学瑞,张德林.弓形虫抗体免疫胶体金快速检测试纸条的研制.中国兽医科学,2007,37(1):29-32
103.王永坤,周继宏,严维巍,钱忠明,田慧芳,朱国强,李玉峰,刘华雷,庄国宏,王建业.重视新鹅病-鹅副粘病毒病的防制.中国禽业导刊,2000,17(11):3
104.王勇,孙素霞,陈清,王雅贤,俞守义.胶体金免疫层析试验检测霍乱弧菌的现场评价.中华预防医学杂志,2003,37(2):108
105.王玉金,王玉珠,杨书豪,杨艳艳,边倩茹,张玉梅,卢秀云,张燕.胶体金免疫层析法检测血清癌胚抗原.标记免疫分析与临床,2003,10(3):167-170
106.王泽林,李建丽,陈少渠,刘守川.非结构蛋白NSl-ELISA检测禽流感野毒感染抗体.科技导报,2006,24(3):14-17
107.王志斌,曾年华,李兴国,王珊珊,刘志辉.快速检测结核抗体的免疫层析法的建立及应用.解放军预防医学杂志,2002,20(2):105-107
108.王中力,宋晓晖,陈西召,陈国胜.犬细小病毒病免疫胶体金诊断技术的研究.中国预防兽医学报,2004,26(1):62-66
109.王中民,李君文,王新为,郑金来.胶体金免疫层析法快速检测沙门氏菌.微生物学免疫学进展,2004,32(40):36-38
110.王自良,张改平,杨艳艳,张海棠,杨继飞,刑广旭,柴书军.氯霉素单克隆抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸的研制及性能测定.华北农学报,2006,34(5):6-11
111.吴泓橙,董守安,董颖男,唐春,杨生春.金纳米粒子的阳光光化学合成和晶种媒介生长.高等学校化学学报,2007,28(1):10-15
112.吴锦雅,杨培良,周晓红,李华,陈晓光.应用抗SjP38的单克隆抗体建立血吸虫感染的胶 体金免疫层析检测体系.第一军医大学学报,2005,25(5):538-541
113.吴维明,蔡强,陈裕泉.国外医学,生物医学工程分册,2003,26(5):193-197
114.吴英松,李明,毕惠祥,董文其,李英杰.自制免疫胶体金层析条检测恶性疟原虫的初步研究.中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,2002,22(2):229-232
115.肖运才,毕丁仁,李自力,胡思顺,许青荣,石德时,李永安,吴仁蔚.禽流感病毒夹心ELISA诊断试剂盒的研制及应用.中国兽医学报,2005,25(6):570-572
116.肖运才,李自力,胡思顺,石德时,许青荣,程峰,刘梅,毕丁仁,王桂枝.禽流感病毒夹心ELISA快速检测方法的研究.畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(5):536-541
117.熊大迁,余代美,郭开均,马韬.胶体金免疫层析法测定血清心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白及临床应用.检验医学与临床,2006,3(3):100-101
118.徐葛林,胡巧玲,吴杰,郑新雄,张燕.检测狂犬病毒的胶体金免疫层析法的建立及应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2004,20(3):236-240
119.徐劲,陆家海,方建民,余新炳.应用胶体金免疫层析法快速检测恶性疟原虫中HRPⅡ抗原研究.中国人兽共患病杂志,2001,17(1):26-27
120.许春光,杨克军.胶体金法与ELISA法检测盐酸克伦特罗的比较试验研究.中国动物检疫,2005,22(1):22-24
121.许静,严自助,张瑞鉴,冯婷,王强,钱翠珍,吴晓华,朱丹,郭家钢,周晓农.胶体金免疫渗滤法检测日本血吸虫病血清抗体的研究.中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2006,24(2):146-155
122.杨静,焦新安,文其乙,张如宽,刘秀梵.沙门氏菌特异性单克隆抗体在快速检测中的应用.中国卫生检验杂志,1997,7(3):136-139
123.杨书豪,张云汉,王玉金,杨艳艳,王玉珠,田素娟,张燕.血清甲胎蛋白胶体金免疫层析快速检测法的建立及应用.实用肿瘤杂志,2004,19(1):48-51
124.杨晓艳,李敏,王丽,慕有,谢辉,王梅,杨永海,崔百忠,戴瑞霞,辛有全,张表雯,于国林.胶体金免疫层析测试条快速诊断鼠疫应用研究.中华地方病学杂志,2006,25(5):568-570
125.伊伯元,王仁芝,李振甲等.标记免疫学.北京:原子能出版社,1998,6-10
126.羿国香,赵静,李刚,何素平,刘威,邓艾兴,南铁贵,李召虎,何钟佩,王保民.氯嘧磺隆胶体金免疫检测试纸条的制备与应用.分析化学,2006,34(12):1679-1682
127.于康震,崔尚金,付朝阳,唐秀英.禽流感与养禽业发展和人类健康.中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(4):312
128.于圣青,刘秀梵.单克隆抗体检测新城疫病毒.江苏农学院学报,1990,18(2):41-44
129.余传霖,叶天星,陆德源等.现代医学免疫学.上海:上海医科大学出版社,1998,630-639
130.喻鑫玲,何永康,杨瑞清,罗新松,赵雅琴,李岳生.胶体金SPA双联抗体检测试纸条法诊断日本血吸虫病的初步研究.实用预防医学,2006,13(3):521-523
131.曾立波,陈连康,胡小龙,陈亮,王学生,房亮,张玉荣,孔斌,丛林,张润生.氯胺酮 胶体金标记单克隆抗体免疫层析检测板的研制.中国法医学杂志,2006,21(2):65-68
132.曾立波,陈连康,胡小龙,陈亮,王学生,张玉荣.检测丁丙诺啡的胶体金标记单克隆抗体免疫试剂盒研制.法医学杂志,2006,22(2):130-132
133.张宝元,崔小岱,马晓红,张霆,呼守生.柯萨奇病毒IgM抗体胶体金免疫层析快速诊断试纸条的研制.中华实验和临床病毒学杂志,2006,20(3):226-228
134.张长弓,金颜辉,黄印尧,方莹,梁全顺.口蹄疫抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸法的建立.福建畜牧兽医,2004,26(1):4-5
135.张德玺,韩洪彦,王希良.一种快速检测甲型流感病毒的方法.中国比较医学杂志,2007,17(1):42-45
136.张鹤晓,商志强,赖平安,张利峰,谷强,杨伟,刘继红,郭晋优,段生涛,张向东.新城疫病毒通用型实时RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用.动物医学进展,2005,26(11):53-56
137.张美玲,檀华,朱虹,何君,端青.支原体肺炎快速诊断试纸的研制及初步应用.实用医药杂志,2006,23(10):1161-1163
138.张明,吴国娟,沈红,陆彦,张明.免疫胶体金法检测磺胺甲嗯唑残留的研究.中国兽药杂志,2006,40(4):17-19
139.张殊慧.禽流感病毒H5、H9亚型单抗及ELISA鉴别诊断方法的研究和应用.硕士研究生毕业论文,华中农业大学,2006
140.张玉梅,袁俊勇,朱国琴,王以红,卢秀云,宋志强.全血快速检测甲胎蛋白胶体金免疫层析方法的研制和应用.郑州大学学报(医学版),2004,39(6):1037-1039
141.张正雷,张云涛,缑宇虹,袁皓加,张甲菊,曹咏梅,杨宗模.甲胎蛋白胶体金检测试剂的的研制.微生物学免疫学进展,2002,30(3):46-48
142.赵坤.禽流感的诊断及防制.中国家禽,2000,22(5):42-43
143.赵增连,陈溥言,林祥梅,蔡宝祥.一种敏感的禽流感病毒快速定型双扩散法.中国兽医学报,1997,17(3):308
144.郑鸣,金彦法,闫国庆.利用胶体金免疫层析法检测猪瘟强、弱毒抗体方法的建立.郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2006,26(2):1-3
145.郑其升,刘华雷,张晓勇,周斌,曹瑞兵,任雪枫,李鹏,陈溥言.H9H2亚型AIVHA基因的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的建立.中国病毒学,2005,20(3):293-297
146.郑其升,张晓勇,刘华雷,李鹏,陈溥言.H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的初步建立.微生物学报,2005,45(1):58-61
147.朱国珍,王玉珠,张威娜,杨艳艳,袁俊勇,张燕.全血乙肝表面抗原胶体金层析法的研制及应用.中国卫生检验杂志,2002,12(4):422-423
148.朱虹,张春华,檀华,何君,赵斌,端青.鼠疫胶体金法快速诊断试剂盒的研制.中国地方病防治杂志,2005,20(4):206-207
149.朱虹,张春华,檀华,何君,赵斌,端青.鼠疫菌免疫胶体金快速检测方法的建立.中华流行病学杂志,2006,27(3):253-255
150. 朱立平, 陈学清主编. 免疫学常用实验方法. 北京:人民军医出版社, 2000
151. Abe C, Hirano K, Tomiyama T. Simple and rapid identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by immunochromatographic assay using anti-MPB64 monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol, 1999, 37 (11): 3693-3697
152. Abraham A, Sivanandan V, Halvorson D A, Newman J A. Standardization of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for avian influenza virus antibodies in turkeys. Am J Vet Res, 1986, 47 (3): 561-566
153. Abraham A, Sivanandan V, Newman J A, Maheswaran S K. Rapid purification of avian influenza virus for use in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Vet Res, 1984,45(5):959-962
154. Aldous E W and Alexander D J. Detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus type 1). Avian Pathlol, 2001, 30(2): 117-128
155. Alexander D J, Wilson G W C, Russell P H, Lister S A, Parsons G. Newcastle disease outbreaks in fowl in Great Britain during 1984. Veterinary Record, 1985, 117: 429-434
156. Alexander D J. A review of avian influenza in different bird species. Proceedings of the ESVV Symposium on Animal Influenza Viruses, Gent 1999. Vet Microbiol, 2000, 74:3-13
157. Alexander D J. Ecology of avian influenza in domestic birds. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Emergence and Control of Zoonotic Ortho- and Paramyxovirus Diseases, Merieux Foundation Veyrier-du-lac France 13-15 Dec 2000. In: Dodet B, Vicari M, eds., John Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, France, 2001,25-34
158. Alexander, D J. An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza. Vaccine, 2007, 25 (30): 5637-5644.
159. Alexander, D J. Newcastle disease and other paramyxoviridae infections. In: Calnek B W, ed., Diseases of Poultry, 10th Ed. Mosby-Wolfe, London, 1997, 541-569
160. Alhashemi J A. Diagnostic accuracy of a bedside qualitative immunochromatographic test for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Emerg Med, 2006, 24(2): 149-155
161. Altuglu I, Zeytinoglu A, Bilgic A, Kamcioglu S, Karakartal G, Smits H. Evaluation of Brucella dipstick assay for the diagnosis of acute brucellosis. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2002, 44:241-243
162. Arenas A, Carranza J, Perea A, Miranda A, Maldonado A, Hermoso M. Type A influenza viruses in birds in Southern Spain: serological survey by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination inhibition tests. Avian Pathology, 1990, 19: 539-546
163. Bashiruddin, J B, Gould A R, Westbury H A. Molecular pathotyping of two avian influenza viruses isolated during the Victoria 1976 outbreak. Aust Vet J, 1992, 69:140-142
164. Beadle C, Long G W, Weiss W R, McElroy P D, Maret S M, Oloo A J, Hoffman S L. Diagnosis of malaria by detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 antigen with a rapid dipstick antigen-capture assay. Lancet, 1994, 343:564-568
165. Beard C W. Avian influenza antibody detection by immunodiffusion. Avian Dis, 1970, 14(2):337-341
166. Becker W B. The isolation and classification of tern virus: influenza virus A/tern/South Africa/1961. J Hyg, 1966,64:309-320
167. Beggs M, Novotny M, Sampedro S. A self-performing chromatographic immunoassay for qualitative determination of the human chorionic gonadotrophic (HCG) in urine and serum. Clin Chem, 1990, 36:1084-1086
168. Bellau-Pujol S, Vabret A, Legrand L, Dina J, Gouarin S, Petitjean-Lecherbonnier J, Pozzetto B, Ginevra C, Freymuth F. Development of three multiplex RT-PCR assays for the detection of 12 respiratory RNA viruses. J Virol Methods, 2005,126:53-63
169. Blacksell S D, Doust J A, Newton P N, Peacock S J, Day N P J, Dondorp A M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of rapid immunochromatographic assays for the detection of dengue virus IgM antibodies during acute infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2006, 100(8): 775-784
170. Bosompem K M, Ayi I, Anyan W K, Arishima T, Nkrumah F K, Kojima S. A monoclonal antibody-based dipstick assay for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1997, 91(5): 554-556
171. Bosompem K M, Ayi I, Anyan W K, Nkrumah F K, Kojima S. Limited field evaluation of a rapid monoclonal antibody-based dipstick assay for urinary schistosomiasis. Hybridoma, 1996, 15(6): 443-447
172. Brust M, Fink J, Bethell D, Schiffrin D J, Kiely C. Synthesis and reactions of functionalised gold nanoparticles. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1995,1655-1656
173. Brust M, Walker M, Bethell D, Schiffrin D J, Whyman R. Synthesis of thiol derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two phase liquid/liquid system. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1994, 801-802
174. Buhrer-Sekula S, Hamerlinck F F V, Out T A, Bordewijk L G, Klatser P R. Simple dipstick assay for semi-quantitative detection of neopterin in sera. J Immunol Methods, 2000, (238):55-58
175. Cameron K R, Gregory V, Banks J, Brown I H, Alexander D J, Hay A J, Lin Y P. H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses in poultry in Pakistan are closely related to the H9N2 viruses responsible for human infection in Hong Kong. Virology, 2000, 278:36-41
176. Chaharaein B, Omar A R, Aini I, Yusoff K, Hassan S S. Detection of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol Res 2006(2007), doi:10.1016/j.micres.2007.01.001
177. Chan C P Y, Sum K W, Cheung K Y, Glatz J F C, Sanderson J E, Hempel A, Lehmann M, Renneberg I, Renneberg R. Development of a quantitative lateral-flow assay for rapid detection of fatty acid-binding protein. Journal of Immunological Methods, 2003, 279:91-100
178. Chandler J, Gurmin T, Robinson N. The place of gold in rapid tests. IVD Technology. 2000, 6:37-49
179. Charkaluk M L, Kalach N, Mvogo H, Dehecq E, Magentie H, Raymond J, Gendrel D, Kremp O, Decoster A. Assessment of a rapid urinary antigen detection by an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of pneumococcal infection in children. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2006, 55(2):89-94
180. Chen H, Jiang J H, Huang Y, Deng T, Li J S, Shen G L, Yu R Q. An electrochemical impedance immunosensor with signal amplification based on Au-colloid labeled antibody complex. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2006, 117(1):211-218
181.Chiao D J, Shyu R H, Hu C S, Chiang H Y, Tang S S. Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for detection of botulinum neurotoxin type B. Journal of Chromatography B, 2004, 809(1):37-41
182. Ching W M, Rowland D, Zhang Z, Bourgeois A L, Kelly D, Dasch G A, Devine P L. Early diagnosis of Scrub typhus with a rapid flow assay using recombinant major outer membrane protein antigen (r56) of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2001, 8(2): 409-414
183. Chu X, Zhao Z L, Shen G L, Yu R Q. Quartz crystal microbalance immunoassay with dendritic amplification using colloidal gold immunocomplex. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2006, 114(2):696-704
184. Chuang L H, wang J Y, Chang H C, Chang F M, Jong S B. Rapid and simple quantitative measurement of arfetoprotein by combining immunochromatographic strip test and artificial neural network image analysis system. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2004, 348:87-93
185. Collins R K. Detection of highly pathogenic and low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5 (Eurasian lineage) using NASBA. J Virol Methods, 2002,103:213-225
186. Collinson P O, Thomas S, Siu L, Vasudeva P, Stubbs P J, Canepa-Anson R. Rapid troponin T measurement in whole blood for detection of myocardial damage. Ann Clin Biochem, 1995, 32(5):454-458
187. Constance O. Conjugation of colloidal gold to proteins. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1999, 115:31
188. Cruz A T, Cazacu A C, McBride L J, Greer J M, DemmLer G J. Performance characteristics of a rapid immunochromatographic assay for detection of influenza virus in children during the 2003 to 2004 influenza season. Ann Emerg Med, 47(3):250-254
189. Dybkaer K, Munch M, Handberg K J, Jorgensen P H. Application and evaluation of RT-PCR-ELISA for the nucleoprotein and RT-PCR for detection of low-pathogenic H5 and H7 subtypes of avian influenza virus. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2004, 16: 51-56
190. ESFA. Scientific panel on animal health and animal welfare, animal health and welfare aspects of avian influenza. Annex to The EFSA J, 2005, 266:1-21
191.Faulk W P, Taylor G M. An immunocolloid method for the electron microscope. Immunochemistry, 1971, 8(11): 1081-1083
192. Fouchier R A M, Munster V, Wallensten A, Bestebroer T M, Herfst S, Smith D, Rimmelzwaan G F, Olsen B, Osterhaus ADME. Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls. J Virol, 79(5):2814-2822
193. Frens G. Controlled nucleation for the regulation of particle size in monodisperse gold solutions. Nature Physical Science, 1973, 241(105):20-22
194. Gasley F A. Economics of avian influenza control VS noncontrol. Proceedings, 2nd International Symposium on Avian Influenza. At hens Gorgia.USA, 1987: 390-399
195. Gerritsen M, Oxford J T, Frary M, Henderson J, Hampikian J M. Immuno-SEM characterization of developing bovine cartilage. Materials Science and Engineering C (2007), doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.04.018
196. Grabar K C, Freeman R G, Hommer M B, Natan M J. Preparation and characterization of Au colloid monolayers. Anal Chem, 1995, 67:735-743
197. Guo Y J, Krauss S, Senne D A, Senne D A, Mo I P, Lo K S. Characterization of the pathogenicity of the member of the newly established H9N2 influenza virus lineages in Avian. Virology, 2000, 269(1):278-288
198. Hasan J A, Huq A, Tamplin M L, Siebeling R J, Colwell R R. A novel kit for rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae O,. J Clin Microbiol, 1994, 32(1):249-252
199. Hasegawa A, Yamad T, Azumi J, Hond T, Yanagiy T. The establishment of highly sensitive monoclonal antibodies for influenza viruses and development of the new lateral flow test strip device. International Congress Series, 2004, (1263):259-262
200. Heeschen C, Goldmann B U, Moeller R H, Hamm C W. Analytical performance and clinical application of a new rapid bedside assay for the detection of serum cardiac troponin T. Clin Chem, 1998,44(9): 1925-1930
201. Hinshaw V S, Webster R G, Rodriguez J. Influenza A viruses: combinations of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes isolated from animals and other sources. Arch Virol, 1981, 67:191-206
202. Hinshaw V S, Webster R G, Turner B. The perpetuation of orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in Canadian waterfowl. Can J Microbiol, 1980, 26:622-629
203. Hinshaw V S, Webster R G, Turner B. Water-borne transmission of influenza A viruses? lntervirology, 1979, 11:66-68
204. Homme P J and Easterday B C. Avian influenza virus infection. I. Charaterization of an influenza A/Turkey/Wisconsim/1966 virus. Avian Disease, 1970, 14:66-74
205. Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Direct reverse transcriptase PCR to determine virulence potential of influenza A viruses in birds. Clin Microbiol, 1995, 33:748-751
206. Horisberger M, Rosset J. Colloidal gold, a useful marker for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem, 1977, 25(4):295-305
207. Horizbergers M, Clerc M F. Labelling of colloidal gold with protein A: a quantitative study. Histochemistry, 1985, 82(3): 219-223
208. Huang S H, Wei H C, Lee Y C. One-step immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control, 2007, 18(8): 893-897
209. Humbred J, Guan Y, Webster R G. Comparison of the replication of influenza A viruses in Chinese ring-necked pheasants and chukar partridges. J Virol, 2006, 80:2151-2161
210. Ikematsu H, Yamaji K, Fukuda T, Kawai N, Shigematsu T, Iwaki N, Satoh I, Kondoh K, Kawashima T, Hirotsu N, Kashiwagi S. Clinical evaluation of an immunochromatography test kit, Capilia Flu A, B, for rapid diagnosis of influenza. International Congress Series, 2004, 1263:372-375
211. Imai M, Ninomiya A, Minekawa H, Notomi T, Ishizaki T, Tashiro M, Odagiri T. Development of H5-RT-LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) system for rapid diagnosis of H5 avian influenza virus infection. Vaccine, 2006, 24: 6679-6682
212. Imai M, Ninomiya A, Minekawa H, Notomi T, Ishizaki T, Van T P, Thi K T N, Tashiro M, Odagiri T. Rapid diagnosis of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection by newly developed influenza H5 hemagglutinin gene-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J Virol Methods, 2007,141:173-180
213. Ito M, Watanabe M, Naoko N, Diara T, Okuno Y. Rapid detection and typing of influenza A and B by loop-mediated isothermal amplification: comparison with immunochromatography and virus isolation. J Virol Methods, 2006, 135(2): 272-275.
214. Ito T, Okazaki K, Kawaoka Y, Takada A, Webster RG, Kida H. Perpetuation of influenza A viruses in Alaskan waterfowl reservoirs. Arch Virol, 1995, 140:1163-1172
215. Jana N R, Gearheart L, Murphy C J. Seeding growth for size control of 5-40 nm diameter gold nanoparticles. Langmuir, 2001, 17(22):6782-6786
216. Jarecki - Black J C. A novel oligonucleotide probe for the detection of Newcastle disease virus. Avian Dis, 1992, 36:34-38
217. Jarecki - Black, J C. An oligonucleotide probe that distinguishes isolates of low virolence from the more pathogenic strains of NDV. Avian Dis, 1993, 27:724-730
218. Jennings R, Potter C W, McLaren C. Effect of preinfection and preimmunization on the serum antibody response to subsequent immunization with heterotypic influenza vaccines. J Immunol, 1974, 13(6): 1834-1843
219. Jestin V and Jestin A. Detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA in infected allantoic fluids by in vitro enzymatic amplification (PCR). Arch Virol, 1991,118:151-161
220. Jin Y, Jang J W, Lee M H, Han C H. Development of ELISA and immunochromatographic assay for the detection of neomycin. Clinica ChimicaActa, 2006, 364:260-266
221. Kameyama K, Sakoda Y, Tamai K, Igarashi H, Tajima M, Mochizuki T, Namba Y, Kida H. Evelopment of an immunochromatographic test kit for rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen. J Virol Methods, 2006, 138:140-146
222. Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, Noguchi A, Nakashima K, Kishihara Y, Kansenshogaku Z. Evaluation of immunochromatography assay technique for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. Kansenshogakn Iasshi, 1994,68(7): 916-922
223. Katus H A, Looser S, Hallermayer K, Remppis A, Scheffold T, Borgya A, Essig U, Geuss U. Development and in vitro characterization of a new immunoassay of cardiac troponin T. Clin Chem, 1992, 38 (3):386-393
224. Kawaoka Y, Chambers T M, Sladen W L, Webster R G. Is the gene pool of influenza viruses in shorebirds and gulls different from that in wildducks? Virology, 1988,163:247-250
225. Kessler N, Ferraris O, Palmer K, Marsh W, Steel A. Use of the DNA flow-thru chip, a three-dimensional biochip, for typing and subtyping of influenza viruses. J Clin Microbiol, 2004, 42(5):2173-2185
226. Klewitz T, Gessler F, Beer H, Pflanz K, Scheper T. Immunochromatographic assay for determination of botulinum neurotoxin type D. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2006, 113(2):582-589
227. Kodihalli S, Sivanandan V, Nagaraja K V, Goyal M, Halvorson D A. Antigen capture enzyme immunoassay for detection of avian influenza virus in turkeys. Am J Vet Res, 1993, 54(9): 1385-1390
228. Kreuter J. Microcapsules and Nanoparticles in Medicine and Pharmacy. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992
229. Krug E C, Berens R L. Rapid detection and drug sensitivity of malaria. US Patent, 5827681,1998
230. Lau L T, Banks J, Aherne R, Brown I H, Dillon N, Collins R A, Chan K Y, Fung Y W, Xing J, Yu A C. Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification methods to detect avian influenza virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004, 313:336-342
231. Leung W, Chan P, Bosgoed F, Lehmann K, Renneberg I, Lehmann M, Renneberg R. One-step quantitative cortisol dipstick with proportional reading. J Immunol Methods, 2003,281: 109-118
232. Li J, Chen S, Evans D H. Typing and subtyping Influenza virus using DNA microarrays and multiple exreverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 2001, 39(2):696-704
233. Li T H, Park H G and Choi S H. γ-Irradiation-induced preparation of Ag and Au nanoparticles and their characterizations. Mater Chem Phys, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.04.069
234. Li Z P, Liu C H, Fan Y S, Wang Y C, Duan X R. A chemiluminescent metalloimmunoassay based on silver deposition on colloidal gold labels. Anal Biochem, 2006, 359(2):247-252
235. Lifflefield J W. Selection of hybrids from matings of fibroblasts in vitro and their presumed recombinants. Science, 1964, 145:709
236. Lin Y P, Shaw M, Gregory V, Cameron K, Lim W, Klimov A, Subbarao K, Guan Y, Krauss S, Shortridge K, Webster R, Cox N, Hay A. Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97(17):9654-9658
237. Lvov D K. Circulation of influenza viruses in natural biocoenosis. In: Kurstak E, Maramovosch K, eds., Viruses and environment. NewYork: Academic Press, 1978: 351-380
238. Makkay A M, Krell P J, Nagy E. Antibody detection-based differential ELISA for NDV-infected or vaccinated chickens versus NDV HN-subunit vaccinated chickens. Vet Microbiol, 1999, 66:209-222
239. Malik Y S, Patnayak D P, Goyal S M. Detection of three avian respiratory viruses by single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2004, 16(3):244-248
240. Mallick K, Witcomb M J, Scurrell M S. Polymer-stabilized colloidal gold: a convenient method for the synthesis of nanoparticles by a UV-irradiation approach. Appl Phys A, 2005, 80:395-398
241. Mararova N V, Ozaki H, Kida H, Webster R G, Perez D R. Replication and transmission of influenza viruses in Japanese quail. Virology, 2003,310:8-15
242. Marignier J L, Belloni J, Delcourt M O, Chevalier J P. Microaggregates of non-noble metals and bimetallic alloys prepared by radiation-induced reduction. Nature, 1985, 317:344-345
243. Masihi K N, Lange W. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of influenza type specific antibodies. J Immunol Methods, 1980, 36(2): 173-179
244. Mohebali M, Taran M, Zarei Z. Rapid detection of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs: comparative study using an immunochromatographic dipstick rk39 test and direct agglutination. Vet Parasitol, 2004, 121:239-245
245. Muller-Bardorff M, Freitag H, Scheffold T, Remppis A, Kubler W, Katus HA. Development and characterization of a rapid assay for bedside determinations of cardiac troponin T. Circulation, 1995, 92:2869-2875
246. Munch M, Neilson K, Handberg S, Jorgensen, P H. Detection and subtyping (H5 & H7) of avian type A influenza viruses by RT-PCR and PCR-ELISA. Arch Virol, 2001, 146:87-97
247. Murphy C J, Sau T K, Gole A M, Orendorff C J, Gao J, Gou L, Hunyadi S E, Li T J. Anisotropic metal nanoparticles: synthesis, assembly, and optical applications. Phys Chem B, 2005, 109(29): 13857-13870
248. Nakasone N, Toma C, Lu Y, Iwanaga M. Development of a rapid immunochromatographic test to identify enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli by detecting EspB. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2007, 57(1):21-25
249. Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res, 2000, 28:63
250. Oberpenning F, Stefan H, Weining C, Brandt B, Angelis G D, Heinecke A, Lein M, Fornara P, Schmid H P, Hertle L. Semi-quantitative immunochromatographic test for prostate specific antigen in whole blood: tossing the coin to predict prostate cancer? European Urology, 2003, 43(5):478-484
251. OIE. Avian influenza. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. World Organization for Animal Health, 2004
252. Olsen B, Munster V J, Wallensten A, Waldenstrom J, Osterhaus A D M E, Fouchier R A M. Global patterns of influenza A virus in wild birds. Science, 2006, 31:2384-2388
253. Ono T, Kawamura M, Arao S, Nariuchi H. A highly sensitive quantitative immunochromatography assay for antigen-specific IgE. J Immunol Methods, 2003, 272:211-218
254. Osikowicz G, Begge M. One-step chromatographic immunoassay for qualitative determinationof choriogonadotropin in urine. Clin Chem, 1990, 36:1586-1587
255. Pal A. Preparation of ultrafine colloidal gold particles using a bioactive molecule. J Nanoparticle Res, 2004, 6:27-34
256. Pattarawarapan M, Nangola S, Cressey T R, Tayapiwatana C. Development of a one-step immunochromatographic strip test for the rapid detection of nevirapine, a commonly used antiretroviral drug for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Talanta, 2007, 71(1):462470
257. Peiris M, Guan Y, Markwell D, Ghose P, Webster R C, Shortridge K F. Cocirculation of H9N2 and contemporary "human"influenza A viruses in pigs in southeastern China: Potential for genetic reassortment? J Virol, 2001, 75(20):9679-9686
258. Peiris M, Yam W C, Leung C W, Chan K H, Ip P L, Lai R W, Orr W K, Shortridge K F. Human infection with influenza H9N2. Lancet, 1999, 354:916-917
259. Perez D R, Lim W, Seiler J P, Yi G, Peiris M, Shortridge K F, Webster R G. Role of Quail in the interspecies transmission of H9 influenza A viruses: molecular changes on HA that correspond to adaptation from ducks to chickens. J Virol, 2003, 77(5):3148-3156
260. Perez D R, Webby R J, Webster R G. Land-based birds as potential disseminators of avian/mammalian reassortant influenza A viruses. Avian Dis, 2003,47: 1114-1117
261. Pham H M, Konnai S, Usui T, Chang K S, Murata S, Mase M, Ohashi K, Onuma M. Rapid detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus by real-time PCR with melting-curve analysis. Arch Virol, 2005, 150:2429-2438
262. Piras L and Reho S. Colloidal gold based electrochemical immunoassays for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Sensors and Actuators B, 2005, 111-112:450-454
263. Powell R D, Halsey C M, Hainfeld J F. Combined fluoresecent and gold immunoprobes :reagents and methods for correlative light and electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech, 1998,42:2-12
264. Puerta A, Diez-Masa C J, Frutos M. Development of an immunochromatographic method to determine β-lactoglobulin at trace levels. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2005, 537:69-80
265. Puerta A, Diez-Masa J C, Frutos M. Immunochromatographic determination of β-lactoglobulin and its antigenic peptides in hypoallergenic formulas. Inter Dairy J, 2006,16(5):406-414
266. Pugia M, Newman D J, Lott J A, D'Mello L, Clark L, Profitt J A, Cast T. Detection of low-molecular-weight proteins in urine by dipsticks. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2002, 326:177-183
267. Qian L and Yang X R. Preparation and characterization of Ag (Au) bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles with new seed growth method. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Aspects, 2005, 260:79-85
268. Rahman N, Taniawati S, Sheno R K, Lim B H, Kumaraswami V, Anuar A K, Hakim S L, Noor Hayati M I, Chan B T, Suharni M, Ramaihandran C P. Specificity and sensitivity of a rapid dipstick test (Brugia Rapid) in the detection of Brugia malayi infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2001, 95:601-604.
269. Rao C N R, Kulkarni G U, Thomas P J, Edwards P P. Metal nanoparticle and their assemblies. Chem Soc Rev, 2000, 29:27-35
270. Roberto T C R, Franca J C, Mayrink W, Nascimento E, Genaro O, Campos-Neto A. Standardization of a rapid immunochromatographic test with the recombinant antigens K39 and K26 for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2003, 97(6):678-682
271. Roth J. The colloidal gold marker system for light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. In: Bullock G R, Petrusz D eds., Techniques in Immunocytochemistry, London: Academic Press, 1984, 2:217-284
272. Rott R. The pathogenic determinant of influenza virus. Vet Microbiol 1992, 33:303-310
273. Rowe T, Abernathy R A, Hu-primmer J, Thompson W W, Lu X H, Lim W L, Fukuda K J, Cox N J, Katz J M. Detection of antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in human serum by using a combination of serologic assays. J Clin Microbiol, 1999, 37:937-943
274. Roy P and Venugopalan A T. Dot-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for demonstration of Newcastle disease virus infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 1999, 22:27-31
275. Sang C T, Hoon L S, Cuzzubbo A, Devine P. Clinical evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 1998,5(3):407-409
276. Sato I, Kojima K, Yamasaki T, Yoshida K, Yoshiike M, Takano S, Mukai T, Iwamoto T. Rapid detection of semenogelin by one-step immunochromatographic assay for semen identification. J Immunol Methods, 2004, 287:137-145
277. Sharp G B, Kawaoka Y, Wright S M, Turner B, Hinshaw V S, Webster R G. Wild ducks are the reservoir for only a limited number of influenza A subtypes. Epidemiol Infect, 1993, 110:161 -176
278. Shou A D and Zhou S P. Photochemical synthesis of colloidal gold nanoparticles. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2007, 140(3):153-159
279. Shyu R H, Shyu H F, Liu H W, Tang S S. Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for detection of ricin. Toxicon, 2002,40(3):255-258
280. Sithigorngul W, Rukpratanporn S, Sittidilokratna N, Pecharaburanin N, Longyant S, Chaivisuthangkura P, Sithigorngul P. A convenient immunochromatographic test strip for rapid diagnosis of yellow head virus infection in shrimp. J Virol Methods, 2007,140:193-199
281. Spackman E D, Senne A, Myers T J, Bulaga L L, Garber L P, Perdue M L, Lohman K, Daum L T, Suarez D L. Development of a real time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. J Clin Microbiol, 2002,40(9):3256-3260
282. Spielberg F, Kabeya C M, Ryder R W, Kifuani N K, Harris J, Bender T R, Heyward W L, Quinn T C. Field-testing and comparative evaluation of rapid, visually read screening assays for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. Lancet, 1989,1: 580-584.
283. Stallknecht D E, Shane S M, Kearney M T, Zwank P J. Persistence of avian influenza viruses in water. Avian Dis, 1990, 34:406-411
284. Starick E, Werner O. Detection of H7 avian influenza virus directly from poultry specimens. Avian Dis, 2003,47(3): 11872-11890
285. Stoeva S I, Smetana A B, Sorensen C M, Klabunde K J. Gram-scale synthesis of aqueous gold colloids stabilized by various ligands. J Colloid and Interface Sci, 2007, 309:94-98
286. Suarez D L, Spackman E, Senne D A, Bulaga L, Welsch A C, Froberg K. The effect of various disinfectants on detection of avian influenza virus by real time RT-PCR. Avian Dis, 2003, 47(3 Suppl): 1091-1095
287. Sun X L, Zhao X L, Tang J, Gu X H, Zhou J, Chu F S. Development of an immunochromatographic assay for detection of aflatoxin B1 in foods. Food Control, 2006, 17(4):256-262
288. Taisuke H, Yoshihiro K. Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2001,14(1): 129-149
289.Takeda T, Yamagata K, Yoshida Y, Yoshino K, Nomura T. Evaluation of immunochromatography-based rapid detection kit for fecal Escherichiacoli O_(157) Kansenshogaku Zasshi, 1998, 72(8): 834-839
290. Tang D P, Yuan R, Chai Y Q, Dai J Y, Zhong X, Liu Y. A novel immunosensor based on immobilization of hepatitis B surface antibody on platinum electrode modified colloidal gold and polyvinyl butyral as matrices via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Bioelectrochemistry, 2004,65:15-22.
291.Turkevitch J, Stevenson P C, Hillier J. Nucleation and growth process in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discussion of the Faraday Society, 1951, 11:55-75
292. Uguen C, Rabodonirina M, Pina De J J, Vigier J P, Martet G, Maret M, Peyron F. Parasight-F rapid manual diagnositic test of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Bull WHO, 1995, 73 (5): 643-649
293. Uto H, Ido A, Kusumoto K, Hasuike S, Nagata K, Hayashi K, Yamagishi T, Gohda E, Tsubouchi H. Development of a rapid semi-quantitative immunochromatographic assay for serum hepatocyte growth factor and its usefulness in acute liver failure. Hepatology Research, 2005, 33(4):272-276
294. Van Deusen R A, Hinshaw V S, Senne D A, Pellacani D. Microneuraminidase inhibition assay for classification of influenza A virus neuraminidase. Avian Dis, 1983,27(3):745-750
295. Wang S, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Development of a flow-through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a dipstick assay for the rapid detection of the insecticide carbaryl. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2005,535:219-225
296. Wang X L, Li K, Shi D S, Jin X E, Xiong N, Peng F H, Peng D P, Bi D R. Development and validation of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of sulfadiazine in eggs and chickens. J Chromatogr B, 2007, 847(2):289-295
297. Wang X L, Li K, Shi D S, Xiong N, Jin X E, Yi J D, Bi D R. Development of an immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip for rapid detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscles. J Agric Food Chem, 2007, 55(6):2072-2078
298. Watanabe H, Satake A, Kido Y, Tsuj A. Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic rapid assay for dihydrostreptomycin in milk. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2002,472:45-53
299. Watanabe H, Satake A, Kido Y, Tsuji A. Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic rapid assay for salinomycin. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001, 437:31-38
300. Watanabe T, Ohkubo Y, Matsuoka H, Kimura H, Sakai Y, Tanaka Y O T, Kitaura Y. Development of a simple whole blood panel test for detection of human heart-type fatty acid-binding protein. Clin Biochem, 2001, 34:257-263
301. Webster R G, Yakhno M, Hinshaw V S, Bean W J, Murti K G. Intestinal influenza: replication and characterization of influenza viruses in ducks. Virology, 1978, 84:268-276
302. Wood G W, Mccauley J W, Bashiruddin J B. Deduced amino acid sequences at the haemagglutinin cleavage site of avian influenza A viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes. Arch Virol, 1993, 130(122):209-217
303. Wright K E, Wilson G A, Novosad D, Dimock C, Tan D, Weber J M.Typing and subtyping of influenza viruses inclinical samples by PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 1995, 33(5):1180-1184
304. Wu R W, Hu S S, Xiao Y C, Li Z L, Shi D S, Bi D R. Development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with nucleoprotein as antigen for detection and quantification of antibodies against avian influenza virus. Vet Res Commun, 2007, DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-3510-x
305. Yamada A, Lam I, Tam J S. Typing and subtyping of influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses by multiplex RT-PCR. International Congress Series, 2004, 1263:381-385
306. Yung C Y, Wang C H, Hwu Y K and Je J H. Synchrotron X-ray synthesis of colloidal gold particles for drug delivery. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2006,100(1):72-76
307. Zhang G P, Guo J Q, Wang X N, Yang J X, Yang Y Y, Li Q M, Li X W, Deng R G, Xiao Z J, Yang J F. Development and evaluation of an immunochromatographic strip for trichinellosis detection. Vet Parasitol, 2006, 137:286-293
308. Zhang G P, Wang X N, Yang J F, Yang Y Y, Xing G X, Li Q M, Zhao D, Chai S J, Guo J Q. Development of an immunochromatographic lateral flow test strip for detection of β-adrenergic agonist Clenbuterol residues. J Immunol Methods, 2006, 312:27-33
309. Zhou E M, Chan M. Evaluation of antibodies against avian influenza virus nucleoprotein. Avian Dis, 1998,42(3):517-522
310. Zhu Y , Socheat D, Bounlu K, Liang Y S, Sinuon M, Iusisiengmay S, He W, Xu M, Shi W Z, Bergquist R. Application of dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA) kit for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mekongi. Acta Tropica, 2005,96:137-141
311. Zhu Y C, He W, Liang Y S, Xu M, Yu C, Hua W, Chao G. Development of a rapid, simple dipstick dye immunoassay for schistosomiasis diagnosis. J Immunol Methods, 2002,266:1 -5
2.边传周,郑鸣,任敏.胶体金免疫层析法检测猪PRVgE抗体方法的建立及应用.中国预防兽医学报,2006,28(2):204-207
3.蔡家利,吴胜昔,胡仁建,姜和,王健.胶体金免疫层析法快速诊断禽流感.重庆工学院学报,2006,20(11):4-7
4.蔡强,吴维明,陈裕泉.纳米金的电检测方法与免疫检测中的应用.传感技术学报,2003,6(2):124-27
5.曹斌,周新民.免疫鸡群发生非典型新城疫的调查报告.畜禽业,1999,11:56
6.陈化兰,于康震,田国滨,唐秀英,卢景良.禽流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆及其DNA疫苗的免疫原性.中国兽医学报,1997,17(6):555-558
7.陈莉莉,郭小梅,马业新,孙自庸.心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白金标记免疫层析法的建立.临床检验杂志,2006,24(5):324-325
8.陈连康,曾立波,赵志强,陈安,丛林.胶体金标记检测大麻单克隆抗体免疫试剂盒研制.中国法医学杂志,2002,17(2):93-95
9.陈琼,孔繁德,张长弓,彭海滨,徐淑菲.沙门氏菌快速检测试纸条的研制与应用.福建畜牧兽医,2006,28(5):6-8
10.陈双红,王发锁,田力,徐雄利,巴剑波,武文斌.胶体金免疫层析法检测结核杆菌抗体的研究.海军医学杂志,2005,26(2):104-106
11.谌志强,段惠莉,王新为,金敏,郭金鹏,古长庆,李君文.大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的胶体金免疫渗滤法检测.中国公共卫生,2005,21(6):705-706
12.崔尚金,陈化兰,唐秀英,邓国华,田国斌,于康震.禽流感RT-PCR诊断方法的建立.中国畜禽传染病,1998,20(2):105-107
13.崔尚金,姜建宏,周艳君,仇华吉,童光志.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征胶体金抗体检测技术的建立和初步应用.2005,27(3):213-217
14.崔治中.我国家禽新城疫流行现状.中国家禽,2002,24(4):4-6
15.戴荣四,刘毅,胡仕凤,李芬,王贵平.鸡新城疫免疫胶体金诊断技术的研究.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32(2):169-172
16.邓国华,唐秀英,田国斌.禽流感病毒重组核蛋白在琼扩诊断中的应用.中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(增刊):25-27
17.邓艳琴,严延生,何似,翁育伟,陈亮.应用快速免疫层析法检测恙虫病特异性IgM、IgG 及总抗体.中国人兽共患病杂志,2003,19(6):52-54
18.杜玉萍,陈清,王雅贤,俞守义.胶体金免疫层析法检测金黄色葡萄球菌的初步研究.热带医学杂志,2006,6(6):650-652
19.方邢有,高志贤.胶体金免疫层析法检测罂粟碱的研究.分析试验室,2005,24(12):1-4
20.干小仙,施晓华,王越,王芃芃,沈慧英,朱明东,汤益,张素娥.肺吸虫抗体快速检测试剂盒(金标渗滤法)的研制和应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2005,21(11):988-990
21.甘孟侯.禽流感(第2版).北京:中国农业出版社,2002
22.甘孟侯.全球禽流感的流行形势.中国预防兽医学报,2004,26(6):468-471
23.高玲美,田夫林,牛钟相,王贵升,丁淑艳.新城疫快速诊断试纸条的研制及初步应用.中国动物检疫,2004,21(8):22-24
24.葛祥武,张祯,袁奎敬,鲁景斌.胶体金免疫层析法快速测定金丝桃素中氯霉素的含量.饲料研究,2007,2:26-27
25.顾云,张莉,大野尚仁.鼠和兔中流行性感冒病毒抗体的制备及测定.药物生物技术,2003,10(2):106
26.郭元吉,李建国,程小雯,王敏,邹毅,李钏华,蔡访潺,瘳华乐,张烨,郭俊峰,黄瑞敏,贝东.禽H9N2亚型流感病毒能感染人的发现.中国实验和临床病毒学杂志,1999,13(2):105-108
27.郝桂兰,程雷,陈昌海,徐正军,刘耀兴.应用免疫胶体金试验对鸽禽Ⅰ型副黏病毒病的快速鉴别诊断.中国家禽,2005,27(10):30
28.何昭阳,胡桂学,王春风主编.动物免疫学实验技术.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2002,59-61
29.贺东生,宋长绪,刘福安.DNA-RNA杂交法检测新城疫病毒的研究.中国动物检疫,1997,14(5):10-11
30.洪林娣,朱明东.快速免疫诊断牛布鲁氏菌病新方法的研究.中国人兽共患病学报,2007,23(1):74-75
31.胡旭初,徐劲,陈守义,吴德,何东苟,余新炳.华支睾吸虫病金标诊断试剂盒的研制和现场初步实验.中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2003,16(3):152-154
32.黄庚明,辛朝安.PCR制备地高辛标记的探针检测禽流感病毒核酸.中国兽医杂志,2001,37(12):327
33.黄金海,王珍英,丁伯良,张键,赵向华,李秀丽.间接ELISA检测禽流感抗体方法的建立.动物医学进展,2004,25(4):111-113
34.黄进春.胶体金法与联苯胺法检测大便隐血的效果比较.现代中西医结合杂志,2007,6(1):35
35.黄素钦,吴秋芳,林秀珍,吴冰玲,温珠妹.胶体金免疫层析法快速检测丙肝抗体试剂盒的评估.临床输血与检验,2006,8(3):237
36.黄印尧,孔繁德,张长弓,颜江华,方莹.猪伪狂犬病抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸法的建立和应用.检验检疫科学,2004,14(增刊):50-52
37.冀虎岗,张子康.胶体金法检测浆膜腔积液中癌胚抗原的临床应用及评价.内蒙古医学杂 志,2006,38(8):725-726
38.蒋芳.浅谈我国禽流感疫情对家禽业的影响及建议.中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(10):25-26
39.蒋凤英,胡建华,王英,顾彩菊,李春华,孙凤萍,高骏,周震祥,黄启忠,倪建平.用单抗夹心ELISA快速检测鸡新城疫病毒.上海农业学报,2004,20(4):130-133
40.金颜辉,黄印尧,张长弓,梁全顺,方莹,关育芳,丘建华,洪英,黄雁.应用金免疫层析技术检测猪瘟抗体的研究.中国动物检疫,2004,21(5):26-27
41.金颜辉,黄印尧,张长弓,许先明,颜江华,杨得胜,孔繁德,王生育.猪圆环病毒2型抗体免疫金标检测试纸的研制.福建畜牧兽医,2007,29(1):5-7
42.柯岩,陈哲生.制备兔抗人IgG抗体的一种简便方法.微生物学通报,1997,24(5):315-317
43.李成.胶体金标记抗体技术.中国畜禽传染病,1987,5:59-61
44.李光迪,陈淑萍.胶体金免疫层析法初筛乙型肝炎表面抗原.国际检验医学杂志,2006,27(9):849-851
45.李海燕,辛晓光,田国斌,张晶,于康震.间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测禽流感抗体的最佳工作条件.中国畜禽传染病,1998,20(4):233-235
46.李海燕,辛晓光,田国斌,张晶,于康震.禽流感抗体斑点-ELISA诊断技术的研究.中国预防兽医学报,1999,21(5):321-324
47.李海燕,于康震,辛晓光,邓国华.禽流感病毒重组核蛋白ELISA诊断技术的研究.中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(3):182-185.
48.李海燕,于康震,辛晓光,秦运安,李雁冰,张晶.禽流感间接ELISA诊断试剂盒的研制及应用.中国预防兽医学报,2001,23(5):372-376
49.李莉,劳海苗,吴英松,郝文波,李明.恶性疟原虫重组乳酸脱氢酶胶体金免疫层析法检测试纸条的研制.中国病原生物学杂志,2006,1(5):348-351
50.李伟,王静,胡孔新,姚李四,陈维娜,闫中强,周蕾.应用胶体金免疫层析技术建立炭疽杆菌芽孢的快速检测方法.中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2004,27(6):329-331
51.李希友,田夫林,张秀娥,李建亮,崔言顺.半定量检测新城疫抗体胶体金试纸条的研制.畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(12):1373-1377
52.李曦.中国大陆H9N2亚型禽流感病毒遗传演化关系的研究.中国农业科学院,博士研究生论文,2002
53.李昕,邸宝华,李会强,常成林,刘运德.胶体金免疫层析法检测弓形虫循环抗原的研究.中国卫生检验杂志,2006,16(2):149-151
54.李妍,宁云山,李莉,彭丹丹,董文其,李明.抗恶性疟原虫谷氨酸脱氢酶单克隆抗体的研制与胶体金免疫层析方法的建立.第一军医大学学报,2005,25(4):435-438
55.李余动,张少恩,吴志刚,张晓辉,袁彩君,叶晓娟.胶体金免疫层析法快速检测氯霉素残留.中国食品卫生杂志,2005,7(5):416-419
56.李兆隆,张英兰,林涛,徐秀兰,常彩琴,郭红玲,吴博韬,蒋之连,涂政,王俭.抗人血红蛋白胶体金检测试剂条的研制.刑事技术,2002,5:10-12
57.李忠秋,刘春龙,李勐,王君伟.免疫胶体金半定量检测牛初乳IgG含量方法的建立及初步应用.中国奶牛,2006,1:12-15
58.李自力,许青荣,毕丁仁,王桂枝,程峰.湖北省禽流感的诊断及病毒株的分离与初步鉴定.中国预防兽医学报,2001,23(3):146-148
59.梁大立,李介华,唐浩熙,许葆然.金标法检测梅毒螺旋体抗体的可行性分析.中国误诊学杂志,2007,7(4):737-738
60.梁敬博,贺昕,熊晓东,张曦,吴聪.pH值对胶体金制备的影响.稀有金属,2005,29(4):468-470
61.刘春龙,李忠秋.免疫胶体金法和免疫单扩散法检测牛初乳中IgG含量的比较研究.吉林农业大学学报,2006,28(4):458-461
62.刘海侠,胡顺林,凌天星,赵明珍.当前新城疫的流行特点及其原因分析.畜牧兽医科技信息,2006,8:18-19
63.刘红旗,黄勇,程坚,彭大新,贾立军,张如宽,刘秀梵.在疫苗免疫选择压力下H9N2亚型禽流行性感冒病毒HA基因的遗传变异.病毒学报,2002,18(2):149-154
64.刘见.免疫金试纸法快速检测盐酸克伦特罗.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2004,22(4):350-354
65.刘明,于康震,崔尚金.RT-PCR快速诊断禽流感的研究.中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(增刊):176-179
66.刘庆业,覃爱苗,蒋治良,何佑秋,刘绍璞.聚乙二醇光化学法制备金纳米微粒及共振散射光谱研究.光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(11):1857-1860
67.刘玉冰,戴伟,刘波,尹克霞,徐宏秀,李桂玲,葛凌云.胶体金免疫层析法在脑囊虫病诊断中的应用.中国热带医学,2002,2(2):144-146
68.刘泽文,徐涤平,杨峻,邵华斌,段正赢,山口成夫.应用逆转录套式PCR检测禽流感病毒核酸研究.湖北农业科学,2003,4:90-92
69.吕贯廷,郭晏海,卢冰,陈蕤,李丁,阎小君.胶体金免疫斑点法检测人巨细胞病毒pp150抗体.临床检验杂志,2002,20(6):358-359
70.罗史科,吴润香,罗史南.快速胶体金免疫层析法在疟原虫感染诊断中的应用.热带医学杂志,2006,6(11):1112-1113
71.孟良玉,王志亮,魏荣,赵建梅,宋翠平,毕道荣,郑东霞,赵云玲,黄素珍.一株基因ⅤⅡ型新城疫病毒的分离与鉴定.动物医学进展,2003,24(2):97-99
72.米竹君,黄文萱,王桂秋.酶联免疫检测流感抗体的研究.中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,1981,1(5):351-355
73.彭大鹏.禽流感病毒抗体快速检测技术及初步应用研究.博士研究生毕业论文,华中农业大学,2005
74.彭和平,王志容,何文,卢立荣,彭新英.胶体金层析法检测尿中吗啡的探讨.临床和实验医学杂志,2007,6(1):121
75.彭剑淳,刘晓达,丁晓萍,付占江,王全立.可见光光谱法评价胶体金粒径及分布.军事医学科学院院刊,2000,24(3):211-212
76.秦爱建,邵红霞,钱辊,刘岳龙,金文杰.抗禽流感病毒H5和H9亚型血凝素特异性单克隆抗体的研制及应用.中国预防兽医学报,2003,23(5):161-163
77.曲萌,毕胜利,董志恒.胶体金免疫层析技术同步检测甲、戊型肝炎病毒IgM抗体的研究.中国实验诊断学,2003,7(2):90-92
78.任辉.免疫胶体金层析法快速检测食品中吗啡.中国公共卫生,2004,20(4):488
79.沈浩龙,张长弓,黄印尧,金颜辉,余谦,孔繁德,庄雪梅.禽流感抗原快速检测试纸条的研究.福建畜牧兽医,2006,28(6):11-13
80.宋农,李君文,王新为,古长庆.胶体金免疫层析法用于产肠毒素葡萄球菌快速检测的研究.中华检验医学杂志,2003,26(7):443-444.
81.苏世达,朱开剑,王林川.非典型新城疫成为危害山地养鸡的主要疾病.养禽与禽病防治,2006,12:38-39
82.孙思明,周焕英,房彦军,王红勇,高志贤.雌二醇的免疫胶体金试纸法检测.中国公共卫生,2007,23(1):126-127
83.孙秀兰.食品中黄曲霉素B1金标免疫层析检测方法研究.博士研究生毕业论文,江南大学,2005
84.檀华,何君,原丽,张美玲,端青.布鲁氏菌病快速诊断试纸的研制及初步应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2004,20(8):718
85.唐景峰,李晓艳,梅建军,刘锴,王兴龙.应用B.melitensis 16M 单克隆抗体建立羊布病的胶体金免疫层析检测体系.中国农学通报,2006,22(1 1):28-32
86.唐景峰,李晓艳,王兴龙,梅建军.布病胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立.中国生物制品学杂志,2007,20(2):119-121
87.唐雨德,周东明,陆承平.快速检测猪囊虫抗体的金免疫层析法的建立及应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2003,19(5):77-79
88.王爱华,王玉珠,孙继国,陈龙宾.胶体金快速诊断方法对鸡减蛋综合征病毒的检测.中国兽医科技,2005,35(11):856-858
89.王传彬,田新生,曹振,遇秀玲,孙明,陈西钊,王宏伟,田克恭.H5亚型禽流感病毒单抗-生物素捕获ELISA的建立.中国实验动物学报,2004,12(4):204-207
90.王德芝,陈冀莹,秦丽莉,赵保健,张春明.心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ胶体金免疫层析法的建立.中国辐射卫生,2006,15(2):156-157
91.王贵华,金梅林,陈焕春.RT-PCR快速诊断禽流感.中国预防兽医学报,2004,26(1):67-70
92.王浩,林松,鲁强,朱加虹,张少恩.磺胺二甲基嘧啶残留快速检测试剂条的研究.中国兽医杂志,2007,43(1):57-58
93.王金春.胶体金免疫层析法检测乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原.安庆医学,2006,27(2):14-15
94.王静,陈维娜,胡孔新,李伟,闫中强,周蕾,姚李四,牛春莉.大肠杆菌0157胶体金免疫层析快速筛查方法的建立.卫生研究,2006,35(4):439-441
95.王乐义,陈福勇.新城疫间接ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研究.中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(2):43-45
96.王丽,于守鸿,谢辉,王梅,杨永海,祁芝珍,王津.检测鼠疫抗原金标层析试剂盒的研制及应用.地方病通报,2006,21(5):14-15
97.王龙生,郭仁舆.胶体金标记技术的原理与应用.解剖学杂志,1990,13(2):164-167
98.王楠,徐淑坤,周宇.用葡萄糖制备纳米金及其与牛血清白蛋白偶联的研究.分析科学学报,2007,23(2):189-192
99.王鹏,任美英,王树平.应用金标法检测抗-HCV假阴性和假阳性的结果分析.实用医技杂志,2007,14(2):172-173
100.王小晋,吴昀.滴金法同步检测甲、乙、丙型肝炎病毒免疫标志物方法的建立及评价.现代诊断与治疗,2004,15(3):137-139
101.王秀荣,邓国华,于康震,石锐,刘丽玲,乔传玲,陈化兰,孔宪刚.在DNA芯片平台上探测AⅣ不同亚型cDNA.中国农业科学,2005,38(2):394-398
102.王艳华,李克生,才学鹏,杜慧芳,李学瑞,张德林.弓形虫抗体免疫胶体金快速检测试纸条的研制.中国兽医科学,2007,37(1):29-32
103.王永坤,周继宏,严维巍,钱忠明,田慧芳,朱国强,李玉峰,刘华雷,庄国宏,王建业.重视新鹅病-鹅副粘病毒病的防制.中国禽业导刊,2000,17(11):3
104.王勇,孙素霞,陈清,王雅贤,俞守义.胶体金免疫层析试验检测霍乱弧菌的现场评价.中华预防医学杂志,2003,37(2):108
105.王玉金,王玉珠,杨书豪,杨艳艳,边倩茹,张玉梅,卢秀云,张燕.胶体金免疫层析法检测血清癌胚抗原.标记免疫分析与临床,2003,10(3):167-170
106.王泽林,李建丽,陈少渠,刘守川.非结构蛋白NSl-ELISA检测禽流感野毒感染抗体.科技导报,2006,24(3):14-17
107.王志斌,曾年华,李兴国,王珊珊,刘志辉.快速检测结核抗体的免疫层析法的建立及应用.解放军预防医学杂志,2002,20(2):105-107
108.王中力,宋晓晖,陈西召,陈国胜.犬细小病毒病免疫胶体金诊断技术的研究.中国预防兽医学报,2004,26(1):62-66
109.王中民,李君文,王新为,郑金来.胶体金免疫层析法快速检测沙门氏菌.微生物学免疫学进展,2004,32(40):36-38
110.王自良,张改平,杨艳艳,张海棠,杨继飞,刑广旭,柴书军.氯霉素单克隆抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸的研制及性能测定.华北农学报,2006,34(5):6-11
111.吴泓橙,董守安,董颖男,唐春,杨生春.金纳米粒子的阳光光化学合成和晶种媒介生长.高等学校化学学报,2007,28(1):10-15
112.吴锦雅,杨培良,周晓红,李华,陈晓光.应用抗SjP38的单克隆抗体建立血吸虫感染的胶 体金免疫层析检测体系.第一军医大学学报,2005,25(5):538-541
113.吴维明,蔡强,陈裕泉.国外医学,生物医学工程分册,2003,26(5):193-197
114.吴英松,李明,毕惠祥,董文其,李英杰.自制免疫胶体金层析条检测恶性疟原虫的初步研究.中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,2002,22(2):229-232
115.肖运才,毕丁仁,李自力,胡思顺,许青荣,石德时,李永安,吴仁蔚.禽流感病毒夹心ELISA诊断试剂盒的研制及应用.中国兽医学报,2005,25(6):570-572
116.肖运才,李自力,胡思顺,石德时,许青荣,程峰,刘梅,毕丁仁,王桂枝.禽流感病毒夹心ELISA快速检测方法的研究.畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(5):536-541
117.熊大迁,余代美,郭开均,马韬.胶体金免疫层析法测定血清心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白及临床应用.检验医学与临床,2006,3(3):100-101
118.徐葛林,胡巧玲,吴杰,郑新雄,张燕.检测狂犬病毒的胶体金免疫层析法的建立及应用.中国人兽共患病杂志,2004,20(3):236-240
119.徐劲,陆家海,方建民,余新炳.应用胶体金免疫层析法快速检测恶性疟原虫中HRPⅡ抗原研究.中国人兽共患病杂志,2001,17(1):26-27
120.许春光,杨克军.胶体金法与ELISA法检测盐酸克伦特罗的比较试验研究.中国动物检疫,2005,22(1):22-24
121.许静,严自助,张瑞鉴,冯婷,王强,钱翠珍,吴晓华,朱丹,郭家钢,周晓农.胶体金免疫渗滤法检测日本血吸虫病血清抗体的研究.中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2006,24(2):146-155
122.杨静,焦新安,文其乙,张如宽,刘秀梵.沙门氏菌特异性单克隆抗体在快速检测中的应用.中国卫生检验杂志,1997,7(3):136-139
123.杨书豪,张云汉,王玉金,杨艳艳,王玉珠,田素娟,张燕.血清甲胎蛋白胶体金免疫层析快速检测法的建立及应用.实用肿瘤杂志,2004,19(1):48-51
124.杨晓艳,李敏,王丽,慕有,谢辉,王梅,杨永海,崔百忠,戴瑞霞,辛有全,张表雯,于国林.胶体金免疫层析测试条快速诊断鼠疫应用研究.中华地方病学杂志,2006,25(5):568-570
125.伊伯元,王仁芝,李振甲等.标记免疫学.北京:原子能出版社,1998,6-10
126.羿国香,赵静,李刚,何素平,刘威,邓艾兴,南铁贵,李召虎,何钟佩,王保民.氯嘧磺隆胶体金免疫检测试纸条的制备与应用.分析化学,2006,34(12):1679-1682
127.于康震,崔尚金,付朝阳,唐秀英.禽流感与养禽业发展和人类健康.中国预防兽医学报,2000,22(4):312
128.于圣青,刘秀梵.单克隆抗体检测新城疫病毒.江苏农学院学报,1990,18(2):41-44
129.余传霖,叶天星,陆德源等.现代医学免疫学.上海:上海医科大学出版社,1998,630-639
130.喻鑫玲,何永康,杨瑞清,罗新松,赵雅琴,李岳生.胶体金SPA双联抗体检测试纸条法诊断日本血吸虫病的初步研究.实用预防医学,2006,13(3):521-523
131.曾立波,陈连康,胡小龙,陈亮,王学生,房亮,张玉荣,孔斌,丛林,张润生.氯胺酮 胶体金标记单克隆抗体免疫层析检测板的研制.中国法医学杂志,2006,21(2):65-68
132.曾立波,陈连康,胡小龙,陈亮,王学生,张玉荣.检测丁丙诺啡的胶体金标记单克隆抗体免疫试剂盒研制.法医学杂志,2006,22(2):130-132
133.张宝元,崔小岱,马晓红,张霆,呼守生.柯萨奇病毒IgM抗体胶体金免疫层析快速诊断试纸条的研制.中华实验和临床病毒学杂志,2006,20(3):226-228
134.张长弓,金颜辉,黄印尧,方莹,梁全顺.口蹄疫抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸法的建立.福建畜牧兽医,2004,26(1):4-5
135.张德玺,韩洪彦,王希良.一种快速检测甲型流感病毒的方法.中国比较医学杂志,2007,17(1):42-45
136.张鹤晓,商志强,赖平安,张利峰,谷强,杨伟,刘继红,郭晋优,段生涛,张向东.新城疫病毒通用型实时RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用.动物医学进展,2005,26(11):53-56
137.张美玲,檀华,朱虹,何君,端青.支原体肺炎快速诊断试纸的研制及初步应用.实用医药杂志,2006,23(10):1161-1163
138.张明,吴国娟,沈红,陆彦,张明.免疫胶体金法检测磺胺甲嗯唑残留的研究.中国兽药杂志,2006,40(4):17-19
139.张殊慧.禽流感病毒H5、H9亚型单抗及ELISA鉴别诊断方法的研究和应用.硕士研究生毕业论文,华中农业大学,2006
140.张玉梅,袁俊勇,朱国琴,王以红,卢秀云,宋志强.全血快速检测甲胎蛋白胶体金免疫层析方法的研制和应用.郑州大学学报(医学版),2004,39(6):1037-1039
141.张正雷,张云涛,缑宇虹,袁皓加,张甲菊,曹咏梅,杨宗模.甲胎蛋白胶体金检测试剂的的研制.微生物学免疫学进展,2002,30(3):46-48
142.赵坤.禽流感的诊断及防制.中国家禽,2000,22(5):42-43
143.赵增连,陈溥言,林祥梅,蔡宝祥.一种敏感的禽流感病毒快速定型双扩散法.中国兽医学报,1997,17(3):308
144.郑鸣,金彦法,闫国庆.利用胶体金免疫层析法检测猪瘟强、弱毒抗体方法的建立.郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2006,26(2):1-3
145.郑其升,刘华雷,张晓勇,周斌,曹瑞兵,任雪枫,李鹏,陈溥言.H9H2亚型AIVHA基因的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的建立.中国病毒学,2005,20(3):293-297
146.郑其升,张晓勇,刘华雷,李鹏,陈溥言.H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的初步建立.微生物学报,2005,45(1):58-61
147.朱国珍,王玉珠,张威娜,杨艳艳,袁俊勇,张燕.全血乙肝表面抗原胶体金层析法的研制及应用.中国卫生检验杂志,2002,12(4):422-423
148.朱虹,张春华,檀华,何君,赵斌,端青.鼠疫胶体金法快速诊断试剂盒的研制.中国地方病防治杂志,2005,20(4):206-207
149.朱虹,张春华,檀华,何君,赵斌,端青.鼠疫菌免疫胶体金快速检测方法的建立.中华流行病学杂志,2006,27(3):253-255
150. 朱立平, 陈学清主编. 免疫学常用实验方法. 北京:人民军医出版社, 2000
151. Abe C, Hirano K, Tomiyama T. Simple and rapid identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by immunochromatographic assay using anti-MPB64 monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol, 1999, 37 (11): 3693-3697
152. Abraham A, Sivanandan V, Halvorson D A, Newman J A. Standardization of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for avian influenza virus antibodies in turkeys. Am J Vet Res, 1986, 47 (3): 561-566
153. Abraham A, Sivanandan V, Newman J A, Maheswaran S K. Rapid purification of avian influenza virus for use in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Vet Res, 1984,45(5):959-962
154. Aldous E W and Alexander D J. Detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus type 1). Avian Pathlol, 2001, 30(2): 117-128
155. Alexander D J, Wilson G W C, Russell P H, Lister S A, Parsons G. Newcastle disease outbreaks in fowl in Great Britain during 1984. Veterinary Record, 1985, 117: 429-434
156. Alexander D J. A review of avian influenza in different bird species. Proceedings of the ESVV Symposium on Animal Influenza Viruses, Gent 1999. Vet Microbiol, 2000, 74:3-13
157. Alexander D J. Ecology of avian influenza in domestic birds. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Emergence and Control of Zoonotic Ortho- and Paramyxovirus Diseases, Merieux Foundation Veyrier-du-lac France 13-15 Dec 2000. In: Dodet B, Vicari M, eds., John Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, France, 2001,25-34
158. Alexander, D J. An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza. Vaccine, 2007, 25 (30): 5637-5644.
159. Alexander, D J. Newcastle disease and other paramyxoviridae infections. In: Calnek B W, ed., Diseases of Poultry, 10th Ed. Mosby-Wolfe, London, 1997, 541-569
160. Alhashemi J A. Diagnostic accuracy of a bedside qualitative immunochromatographic test for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Emerg Med, 2006, 24(2): 149-155
161. Altuglu I, Zeytinoglu A, Bilgic A, Kamcioglu S, Karakartal G, Smits H. Evaluation of Brucella dipstick assay for the diagnosis of acute brucellosis. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2002, 44:241-243
162. Arenas A, Carranza J, Perea A, Miranda A, Maldonado A, Hermoso M. Type A influenza viruses in birds in Southern Spain: serological survey by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination inhibition tests. Avian Pathology, 1990, 19: 539-546
163. Bashiruddin, J B, Gould A R, Westbury H A. Molecular pathotyping of two avian influenza viruses isolated during the Victoria 1976 outbreak. Aust Vet J, 1992, 69:140-142
164. Beadle C, Long G W, Weiss W R, McElroy P D, Maret S M, Oloo A J, Hoffman S L. Diagnosis of malaria by detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 antigen with a rapid dipstick antigen-capture assay. Lancet, 1994, 343:564-568
165. Beard C W. Avian influenza antibody detection by immunodiffusion. Avian Dis, 1970, 14(2):337-341
166. Becker W B. The isolation and classification of tern virus: influenza virus A/tern/South Africa/1961. J Hyg, 1966,64:309-320
167. Beggs M, Novotny M, Sampedro S. A self-performing chromatographic immunoassay for qualitative determination of the human chorionic gonadotrophic (HCG) in urine and serum. Clin Chem, 1990, 36:1084-1086
168. Bellau-Pujol S, Vabret A, Legrand L, Dina J, Gouarin S, Petitjean-Lecherbonnier J, Pozzetto B, Ginevra C, Freymuth F. Development of three multiplex RT-PCR assays for the detection of 12 respiratory RNA viruses. J Virol Methods, 2005,126:53-63
169. Blacksell S D, Doust J A, Newton P N, Peacock S J, Day N P J, Dondorp A M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of rapid immunochromatographic assays for the detection of dengue virus IgM antibodies during acute infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2006, 100(8): 775-784
170. Bosompem K M, Ayi I, Anyan W K, Arishima T, Nkrumah F K, Kojima S. A monoclonal antibody-based dipstick assay for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1997, 91(5): 554-556
171. Bosompem K M, Ayi I, Anyan W K, Nkrumah F K, Kojima S. Limited field evaluation of a rapid monoclonal antibody-based dipstick assay for urinary schistosomiasis. Hybridoma, 1996, 15(6): 443-447
172. Brust M, Fink J, Bethell D, Schiffrin D J, Kiely C. Synthesis and reactions of functionalised gold nanoparticles. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1995,1655-1656
173. Brust M, Walker M, Bethell D, Schiffrin D J, Whyman R. Synthesis of thiol derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two phase liquid/liquid system. J Chem Soc, Chem Commun, 1994, 801-802
174. Buhrer-Sekula S, Hamerlinck F F V, Out T A, Bordewijk L G, Klatser P R. Simple dipstick assay for semi-quantitative detection of neopterin in sera. J Immunol Methods, 2000, (238):55-58
175. Cameron K R, Gregory V, Banks J, Brown I H, Alexander D J, Hay A J, Lin Y P. H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses in poultry in Pakistan are closely related to the H9N2 viruses responsible for human infection in Hong Kong. Virology, 2000, 278:36-41
176. Chaharaein B, Omar A R, Aini I, Yusoff K, Hassan S S. Detection of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol Res 2006(2007), doi:10.1016/j.micres.2007.01.001
177. Chan C P Y, Sum K W, Cheung K Y, Glatz J F C, Sanderson J E, Hempel A, Lehmann M, Renneberg I, Renneberg R. Development of a quantitative lateral-flow assay for rapid detection of fatty acid-binding protein. Journal of Immunological Methods, 2003, 279:91-100
178. Chandler J, Gurmin T, Robinson N. The place of gold in rapid tests. IVD Technology. 2000, 6:37-49
179. Charkaluk M L, Kalach N, Mvogo H, Dehecq E, Magentie H, Raymond J, Gendrel D, Kremp O, Decoster A. Assessment of a rapid urinary antigen detection by an immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of pneumococcal infection in children. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2006, 55(2):89-94
180. Chen H, Jiang J H, Huang Y, Deng T, Li J S, Shen G L, Yu R Q. An electrochemical impedance immunosensor with signal amplification based on Au-colloid labeled antibody complex. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2006, 117(1):211-218
181.Chiao D J, Shyu R H, Hu C S, Chiang H Y, Tang S S. Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for detection of botulinum neurotoxin type B. Journal of Chromatography B, 2004, 809(1):37-41
182. Ching W M, Rowland D, Zhang Z, Bourgeois A L, Kelly D, Dasch G A, Devine P L. Early diagnosis of Scrub typhus with a rapid flow assay using recombinant major outer membrane protein antigen (r56) of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2001, 8(2): 409-414
183. Chu X, Zhao Z L, Shen G L, Yu R Q. Quartz crystal microbalance immunoassay with dendritic amplification using colloidal gold immunocomplex. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2006, 114(2):696-704
184. Chuang L H, wang J Y, Chang H C, Chang F M, Jong S B. Rapid and simple quantitative measurement of arfetoprotein by combining immunochromatographic strip test and artificial neural network image analysis system. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2004, 348:87-93
185. Collins R K. Detection of highly pathogenic and low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5 (Eurasian lineage) using NASBA. J Virol Methods, 2002,103:213-225
186. Collinson P O, Thomas S, Siu L, Vasudeva P, Stubbs P J, Canepa-Anson R. Rapid troponin T measurement in whole blood for detection of myocardial damage. Ann Clin Biochem, 1995, 32(5):454-458
187. Constance O. Conjugation of colloidal gold to proteins. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1999, 115:31
188. Cruz A T, Cazacu A C, McBride L J, Greer J M, DemmLer G J. Performance characteristics of a rapid immunochromatographic assay for detection of influenza virus in children during the 2003 to 2004 influenza season. Ann Emerg Med, 47(3):250-254
189. Dybkaer K, Munch M, Handberg K J, Jorgensen P H. Application and evaluation of RT-PCR-ELISA for the nucleoprotein and RT-PCR for detection of low-pathogenic H5 and H7 subtypes of avian influenza virus. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2004, 16: 51-56
190. ESFA. Scientific panel on animal health and animal welfare, animal health and welfare aspects of avian influenza. Annex to The EFSA J, 2005, 266:1-21
191.Faulk W P, Taylor G M. An immunocolloid method for the electron microscope. Immunochemistry, 1971, 8(11): 1081-1083
192. Fouchier R A M, Munster V, Wallensten A, Bestebroer T M, Herfst S, Smith D, Rimmelzwaan G F, Olsen B, Osterhaus ADME. Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls. J Virol, 79(5):2814-2822
193. Frens G. Controlled nucleation for the regulation of particle size in monodisperse gold solutions. Nature Physical Science, 1973, 241(105):20-22
194. Gasley F A. Economics of avian influenza control VS noncontrol. Proceedings, 2nd International Symposium on Avian Influenza. At hens Gorgia.USA, 1987: 390-399
195. Gerritsen M, Oxford J T, Frary M, Henderson J, Hampikian J M. Immuno-SEM characterization of developing bovine cartilage. Materials Science and Engineering C (2007), doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.04.018
196. Grabar K C, Freeman R G, Hommer M B, Natan M J. Preparation and characterization of Au colloid monolayers. Anal Chem, 1995, 67:735-743
197. Guo Y J, Krauss S, Senne D A, Senne D A, Mo I P, Lo K S. Characterization of the pathogenicity of the member of the newly established H9N2 influenza virus lineages in Avian. Virology, 2000, 269(1):278-288
198. Hasan J A, Huq A, Tamplin M L, Siebeling R J, Colwell R R. A novel kit for rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae O,. J Clin Microbiol, 1994, 32(1):249-252
199. Hasegawa A, Yamad T, Azumi J, Hond T, Yanagiy T. The establishment of highly sensitive monoclonal antibodies for influenza viruses and development of the new lateral flow test strip device. International Congress Series, 2004, (1263):259-262
200. Heeschen C, Goldmann B U, Moeller R H, Hamm C W. Analytical performance and clinical application of a new rapid bedside assay for the detection of serum cardiac troponin T. Clin Chem, 1998,44(9): 1925-1930
201. Hinshaw V S, Webster R G, Rodriguez J. Influenza A viruses: combinations of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes isolated from animals and other sources. Arch Virol, 1981, 67:191-206
202. Hinshaw V S, Webster R G, Turner B. The perpetuation of orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in Canadian waterfowl. Can J Microbiol, 1980, 26:622-629
203. Hinshaw V S, Webster R G, Turner B. Water-borne transmission of influenza A viruses? lntervirology, 1979, 11:66-68
204. Homme P J and Easterday B C. Avian influenza virus infection. I. Charaterization of an influenza A/Turkey/Wisconsim/1966 virus. Avian Disease, 1970, 14:66-74
205. Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Direct reverse transcriptase PCR to determine virulence potential of influenza A viruses in birds. Clin Microbiol, 1995, 33:748-751
206. Horisberger M, Rosset J. Colloidal gold, a useful marker for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem, 1977, 25(4):295-305
207. Horizbergers M, Clerc M F. Labelling of colloidal gold with protein A: a quantitative study. Histochemistry, 1985, 82(3): 219-223
208. Huang S H, Wei H C, Lee Y C. One-step immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control, 2007, 18(8): 893-897
209. Humbred J, Guan Y, Webster R G. Comparison of the replication of influenza A viruses in Chinese ring-necked pheasants and chukar partridges. J Virol, 2006, 80:2151-2161
210. Ikematsu H, Yamaji K, Fukuda T, Kawai N, Shigematsu T, Iwaki N, Satoh I, Kondoh K, Kawashima T, Hirotsu N, Kashiwagi S. Clinical evaluation of an immunochromatography test kit, Capilia Flu A, B, for rapid diagnosis of influenza. International Congress Series, 2004, 1263:372-375
211. Imai M, Ninomiya A, Minekawa H, Notomi T, Ishizaki T, Tashiro M, Odagiri T. Development of H5-RT-LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) system for rapid diagnosis of H5 avian influenza virus infection. Vaccine, 2006, 24: 6679-6682
212. Imai M, Ninomiya A, Minekawa H, Notomi T, Ishizaki T, Van T P, Thi K T N, Tashiro M, Odagiri T. Rapid diagnosis of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection by newly developed influenza H5 hemagglutinin gene-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J Virol Methods, 2007,141:173-180
213. Ito M, Watanabe M, Naoko N, Diara T, Okuno Y. Rapid detection and typing of influenza A and B by loop-mediated isothermal amplification: comparison with immunochromatography and virus isolation. J Virol Methods, 2006, 135(2): 272-275.
214. Ito T, Okazaki K, Kawaoka Y, Takada A, Webster RG, Kida H. Perpetuation of influenza A viruses in Alaskan waterfowl reservoirs. Arch Virol, 1995, 140:1163-1172
215. Jana N R, Gearheart L, Murphy C J. Seeding growth for size control of 5-40 nm diameter gold nanoparticles. Langmuir, 2001, 17(22):6782-6786
216. Jarecki - Black J C. A novel oligonucleotide probe for the detection of Newcastle disease virus. Avian Dis, 1992, 36:34-38
217. Jarecki - Black, J C. An oligonucleotide probe that distinguishes isolates of low virolence from the more pathogenic strains of NDV. Avian Dis, 1993, 27:724-730
218. Jennings R, Potter C W, McLaren C. Effect of preinfection and preimmunization on the serum antibody response to subsequent immunization with heterotypic influenza vaccines. J Immunol, 1974, 13(6): 1834-1843
219. Jestin V and Jestin A. Detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA in infected allantoic fluids by in vitro enzymatic amplification (PCR). Arch Virol, 1991,118:151-161
220. Jin Y, Jang J W, Lee M H, Han C H. Development of ELISA and immunochromatographic assay for the detection of neomycin. Clinica ChimicaActa, 2006, 364:260-266
221. Kameyama K, Sakoda Y, Tamai K, Igarashi H, Tajima M, Mochizuki T, Namba Y, Kida H. Evelopment of an immunochromatographic test kit for rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen. J Virol Methods, 2006, 138:140-146
222. Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, Noguchi A, Nakashima K, Kishihara Y, Kansenshogaku Z. Evaluation of immunochromatography assay technique for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. Kansenshogakn Iasshi, 1994,68(7): 916-922
223. Katus H A, Looser S, Hallermayer K, Remppis A, Scheffold T, Borgya A, Essig U, Geuss U. Development and in vitro characterization of a new immunoassay of cardiac troponin T. Clin Chem, 1992, 38 (3):386-393
224. Kawaoka Y, Chambers T M, Sladen W L, Webster R G. Is the gene pool of influenza viruses in shorebirds and gulls different from that in wildducks? Virology, 1988,163:247-250
225. Kessler N, Ferraris O, Palmer K, Marsh W, Steel A. Use of the DNA flow-thru chip, a three-dimensional biochip, for typing and subtyping of influenza viruses. J Clin Microbiol, 2004, 42(5):2173-2185
226. Klewitz T, Gessler F, Beer H, Pflanz K, Scheper T. Immunochromatographic assay for determination of botulinum neurotoxin type D. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2006, 113(2):582-589
227. Kodihalli S, Sivanandan V, Nagaraja K V, Goyal M, Halvorson D A. Antigen capture enzyme immunoassay for detection of avian influenza virus in turkeys. Am J Vet Res, 1993, 54(9): 1385-1390
228. Kreuter J. Microcapsules and Nanoparticles in Medicine and Pharmacy. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992
229. Krug E C, Berens R L. Rapid detection and drug sensitivity of malaria. US Patent, 5827681,1998
230. Lau L T, Banks J, Aherne R, Brown I H, Dillon N, Collins R A, Chan K Y, Fung Y W, Xing J, Yu A C. Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification methods to detect avian influenza virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004, 313:336-342
231. Leung W, Chan P, Bosgoed F, Lehmann K, Renneberg I, Lehmann M, Renneberg R. One-step quantitative cortisol dipstick with proportional reading. J Immunol Methods, 2003,281: 109-118
232. Li J, Chen S, Evans D H. Typing and subtyping Influenza virus using DNA microarrays and multiple exreverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 2001, 39(2):696-704
233. Li T H, Park H G and Choi S H. γ-Irradiation-induced preparation of Ag and Au nanoparticles and their characterizations. Mater Chem Phys, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.04.069
234. Li Z P, Liu C H, Fan Y S, Wang Y C, Duan X R. A chemiluminescent metalloimmunoassay based on silver deposition on colloidal gold labels. Anal Biochem, 2006, 359(2):247-252
235. Lifflefield J W. Selection of hybrids from matings of fibroblasts in vitro and their presumed recombinants. Science, 1964, 145:709
236. Lin Y P, Shaw M, Gregory V, Cameron K, Lim W, Klimov A, Subbarao K, Guan Y, Krauss S, Shortridge K, Webster R, Cox N, Hay A. Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97(17):9654-9658
237. Lvov D K. Circulation of influenza viruses in natural biocoenosis. In: Kurstak E, Maramovosch K, eds., Viruses and environment. NewYork: Academic Press, 1978: 351-380
238. Makkay A M, Krell P J, Nagy E. Antibody detection-based differential ELISA for NDV-infected or vaccinated chickens versus NDV HN-subunit vaccinated chickens. Vet Microbiol, 1999, 66:209-222
239. Malik Y S, Patnayak D P, Goyal S M. Detection of three avian respiratory viruses by single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2004, 16(3):244-248
240. Mallick K, Witcomb M J, Scurrell M S. Polymer-stabilized colloidal gold: a convenient method for the synthesis of nanoparticles by a UV-irradiation approach. Appl Phys A, 2005, 80:395-398
241. Mararova N V, Ozaki H, Kida H, Webster R G, Perez D R. Replication and transmission of influenza viruses in Japanese quail. Virology, 2003,310:8-15
242. Marignier J L, Belloni J, Delcourt M O, Chevalier J P. Microaggregates of non-noble metals and bimetallic alloys prepared by radiation-induced reduction. Nature, 1985, 317:344-345
243. Masihi K N, Lange W. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of influenza type specific antibodies. J Immunol Methods, 1980, 36(2): 173-179
244. Mohebali M, Taran M, Zarei Z. Rapid detection of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs: comparative study using an immunochromatographic dipstick rk39 test and direct agglutination. Vet Parasitol, 2004, 121:239-245
245. Muller-Bardorff M, Freitag H, Scheffold T, Remppis A, Kubler W, Katus HA. Development and characterization of a rapid assay for bedside determinations of cardiac troponin T. Circulation, 1995, 92:2869-2875
246. Munch M, Neilson K, Handberg S, Jorgensen, P H. Detection and subtyping (H5 & H7) of avian type A influenza viruses by RT-PCR and PCR-ELISA. Arch Virol, 2001, 146:87-97
247. Murphy C J, Sau T K, Gole A M, Orendorff C J, Gao J, Gou L, Hunyadi S E, Li T J. Anisotropic metal nanoparticles: synthesis, assembly, and optical applications. Phys Chem B, 2005, 109(29): 13857-13870
248. Nakasone N, Toma C, Lu Y, Iwanaga M. Development of a rapid immunochromatographic test to identify enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli by detecting EspB. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2007, 57(1):21-25
249. Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res, 2000, 28:63
250. Oberpenning F, Stefan H, Weining C, Brandt B, Angelis G D, Heinecke A, Lein M, Fornara P, Schmid H P, Hertle L. Semi-quantitative immunochromatographic test for prostate specific antigen in whole blood: tossing the coin to predict prostate cancer? European Urology, 2003, 43(5):478-484
251. OIE. Avian influenza. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. World Organization for Animal Health, 2004
252. Olsen B, Munster V J, Wallensten A, Waldenstrom J, Osterhaus A D M E, Fouchier R A M. Global patterns of influenza A virus in wild birds. Science, 2006, 31:2384-2388
253. Ono T, Kawamura M, Arao S, Nariuchi H. A highly sensitive quantitative immunochromatography assay for antigen-specific IgE. J Immunol Methods, 2003, 272:211-218
254. Osikowicz G, Begge M. One-step chromatographic immunoassay for qualitative determinationof choriogonadotropin in urine. Clin Chem, 1990, 36:1586-1587
255. Pal A. Preparation of ultrafine colloidal gold particles using a bioactive molecule. J Nanoparticle Res, 2004, 6:27-34
256. Pattarawarapan M, Nangola S, Cressey T R, Tayapiwatana C. Development of a one-step immunochromatographic strip test for the rapid detection of nevirapine, a commonly used antiretroviral drug for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Talanta, 2007, 71(1):462470
257. Peiris M, Guan Y, Markwell D, Ghose P, Webster R C, Shortridge K F. Cocirculation of H9N2 and contemporary "human"influenza A viruses in pigs in southeastern China: Potential for genetic reassortment? J Virol, 2001, 75(20):9679-9686
258. Peiris M, Yam W C, Leung C W, Chan K H, Ip P L, Lai R W, Orr W K, Shortridge K F. Human infection with influenza H9N2. Lancet, 1999, 354:916-917
259. Perez D R, Lim W, Seiler J P, Yi G, Peiris M, Shortridge K F, Webster R G. Role of Quail in the interspecies transmission of H9 influenza A viruses: molecular changes on HA that correspond to adaptation from ducks to chickens. J Virol, 2003, 77(5):3148-3156
260. Perez D R, Webby R J, Webster R G. Land-based birds as potential disseminators of avian/mammalian reassortant influenza A viruses. Avian Dis, 2003,47: 1114-1117
261. Pham H M, Konnai S, Usui T, Chang K S, Murata S, Mase M, Ohashi K, Onuma M. Rapid detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus by real-time PCR with melting-curve analysis. Arch Virol, 2005, 150:2429-2438
262. Piras L and Reho S. Colloidal gold based electrochemical immunoassays for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Sensors and Actuators B, 2005, 111-112:450-454
263. Powell R D, Halsey C M, Hainfeld J F. Combined fluoresecent and gold immunoprobes :reagents and methods for correlative light and electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech, 1998,42:2-12
264. Puerta A, Diez-Masa C J, Frutos M. Development of an immunochromatographic method to determine β-lactoglobulin at trace levels. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2005, 537:69-80
265. Puerta A, Diez-Masa J C, Frutos M. Immunochromatographic determination of β-lactoglobulin and its antigenic peptides in hypoallergenic formulas. Inter Dairy J, 2006,16(5):406-414
266. Pugia M, Newman D J, Lott J A, D'Mello L, Clark L, Profitt J A, Cast T. Detection of low-molecular-weight proteins in urine by dipsticks. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2002, 326:177-183
267. Qian L and Yang X R. Preparation and characterization of Ag (Au) bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles with new seed growth method. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Aspects, 2005, 260:79-85
268. Rahman N, Taniawati S, Sheno R K, Lim B H, Kumaraswami V, Anuar A K, Hakim S L, Noor Hayati M I, Chan B T, Suharni M, Ramaihandran C P. Specificity and sensitivity of a rapid dipstick test (Brugia Rapid) in the detection of Brugia malayi infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2001, 95:601-604.
269. Rao C N R, Kulkarni G U, Thomas P J, Edwards P P. Metal nanoparticle and their assemblies. Chem Soc Rev, 2000, 29:27-35
270. Roberto T C R, Franca J C, Mayrink W, Nascimento E, Genaro O, Campos-Neto A. Standardization of a rapid immunochromatographic test with the recombinant antigens K39 and K26 for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2003, 97(6):678-682
271. Roth J. The colloidal gold marker system for light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. In: Bullock G R, Petrusz D eds., Techniques in Immunocytochemistry, London: Academic Press, 1984, 2:217-284
272. Rott R. The pathogenic determinant of influenza virus. Vet Microbiol 1992, 33:303-310
273. Rowe T, Abernathy R A, Hu-primmer J, Thompson W W, Lu X H, Lim W L, Fukuda K J, Cox N J, Katz J M. Detection of antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in human serum by using a combination of serologic assays. J Clin Microbiol, 1999, 37:937-943
274. Roy P and Venugopalan A T. Dot-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for demonstration of Newcastle disease virus infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 1999, 22:27-31
275. Sang C T, Hoon L S, Cuzzubbo A, Devine P. Clinical evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 1998,5(3):407-409
276. Sato I, Kojima K, Yamasaki T, Yoshida K, Yoshiike M, Takano S, Mukai T, Iwamoto T. Rapid detection of semenogelin by one-step immunochromatographic assay for semen identification. J Immunol Methods, 2004, 287:137-145
277. Sharp G B, Kawaoka Y, Wright S M, Turner B, Hinshaw V S, Webster R G. Wild ducks are the reservoir for only a limited number of influenza A subtypes. Epidemiol Infect, 1993, 110:161 -176
278. Shou A D and Zhou S P. Photochemical synthesis of colloidal gold nanoparticles. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2007, 140(3):153-159
279. Shyu R H, Shyu H F, Liu H W, Tang S S. Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for detection of ricin. Toxicon, 2002,40(3):255-258
280. Sithigorngul W, Rukpratanporn S, Sittidilokratna N, Pecharaburanin N, Longyant S, Chaivisuthangkura P, Sithigorngul P. A convenient immunochromatographic test strip for rapid diagnosis of yellow head virus infection in shrimp. J Virol Methods, 2007,140:193-199
281. Spackman E D, Senne A, Myers T J, Bulaga L L, Garber L P, Perdue M L, Lohman K, Daum L T, Suarez D L. Development of a real time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. J Clin Microbiol, 2002,40(9):3256-3260
282. Spielberg F, Kabeya C M, Ryder R W, Kifuani N K, Harris J, Bender T R, Heyward W L, Quinn T C. Field-testing and comparative evaluation of rapid, visually read screening assays for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. Lancet, 1989,1: 580-584.
283. Stallknecht D E, Shane S M, Kearney M T, Zwank P J. Persistence of avian influenza viruses in water. Avian Dis, 1990, 34:406-411
284. Starick E, Werner O. Detection of H7 avian influenza virus directly from poultry specimens. Avian Dis, 2003,47(3): 11872-11890
285. Stoeva S I, Smetana A B, Sorensen C M, Klabunde K J. Gram-scale synthesis of aqueous gold colloids stabilized by various ligands. J Colloid and Interface Sci, 2007, 309:94-98
286. Suarez D L, Spackman E, Senne D A, Bulaga L, Welsch A C, Froberg K. The effect of various disinfectants on detection of avian influenza virus by real time RT-PCR. Avian Dis, 2003, 47(3 Suppl): 1091-1095
287. Sun X L, Zhao X L, Tang J, Gu X H, Zhou J, Chu F S. Development of an immunochromatographic assay for detection of aflatoxin B1 in foods. Food Control, 2006, 17(4):256-262
288. Taisuke H, Yoshihiro K. Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2001,14(1): 129-149
289.Takeda T, Yamagata K, Yoshida Y, Yoshino K, Nomura T. Evaluation of immunochromatography-based rapid detection kit for fecal Escherichiacoli O_(157) Kansenshogaku Zasshi, 1998, 72(8): 834-839
290. Tang D P, Yuan R, Chai Y Q, Dai J Y, Zhong X, Liu Y. A novel immunosensor based on immobilization of hepatitis B surface antibody on platinum electrode modified colloidal gold and polyvinyl butyral as matrices via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Bioelectrochemistry, 2004,65:15-22.
291.Turkevitch J, Stevenson P C, Hillier J. Nucleation and growth process in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discussion of the Faraday Society, 1951, 11:55-75
292. Uguen C, Rabodonirina M, Pina De J J, Vigier J P, Martet G, Maret M, Peyron F. Parasight-F rapid manual diagnositic test of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Bull WHO, 1995, 73 (5): 643-649
293. Uto H, Ido A, Kusumoto K, Hasuike S, Nagata K, Hayashi K, Yamagishi T, Gohda E, Tsubouchi H. Development of a rapid semi-quantitative immunochromatographic assay for serum hepatocyte growth factor and its usefulness in acute liver failure. Hepatology Research, 2005, 33(4):272-276
294. Van Deusen R A, Hinshaw V S, Senne D A, Pellacani D. Microneuraminidase inhibition assay for classification of influenza A virus neuraminidase. Avian Dis, 1983,27(3):745-750
295. Wang S, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Development of a flow-through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a dipstick assay for the rapid detection of the insecticide carbaryl. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2005,535:219-225
296. Wang X L, Li K, Shi D S, Jin X E, Xiong N, Peng F H, Peng D P, Bi D R. Development and validation of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of sulfadiazine in eggs and chickens. J Chromatogr B, 2007, 847(2):289-295
297. Wang X L, Li K, Shi D S, Xiong N, Jin X E, Yi J D, Bi D R. Development of an immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip for rapid detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscles. J Agric Food Chem, 2007, 55(6):2072-2078
298. Watanabe H, Satake A, Kido Y, Tsuj A. Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic rapid assay for dihydrostreptomycin in milk. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2002,472:45-53
299. Watanabe H, Satake A, Kido Y, Tsuji A. Monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic rapid assay for salinomycin. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001, 437:31-38
300. Watanabe T, Ohkubo Y, Matsuoka H, Kimura H, Sakai Y, Tanaka Y O T, Kitaura Y. Development of a simple whole blood panel test for detection of human heart-type fatty acid-binding protein. Clin Biochem, 2001, 34:257-263
301. Webster R G, Yakhno M, Hinshaw V S, Bean W J, Murti K G. Intestinal influenza: replication and characterization of influenza viruses in ducks. Virology, 1978, 84:268-276
302. Wood G W, Mccauley J W, Bashiruddin J B. Deduced amino acid sequences at the haemagglutinin cleavage site of avian influenza A viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes. Arch Virol, 1993, 130(122):209-217
303. Wright K E, Wilson G A, Novosad D, Dimock C, Tan D, Weber J M.Typing and subtyping of influenza viruses inclinical samples by PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 1995, 33(5):1180-1184
304. Wu R W, Hu S S, Xiao Y C, Li Z L, Shi D S, Bi D R. Development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with nucleoprotein as antigen for detection and quantification of antibodies against avian influenza virus. Vet Res Commun, 2007, DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-3510-x
305. Yamada A, Lam I, Tam J S. Typing and subtyping of influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses by multiplex RT-PCR. International Congress Series, 2004, 1263:381-385
306. Yung C Y, Wang C H, Hwu Y K and Je J H. Synchrotron X-ray synthesis of colloidal gold particles for drug delivery. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2006,100(1):72-76
307. Zhang G P, Guo J Q, Wang X N, Yang J X, Yang Y Y, Li Q M, Li X W, Deng R G, Xiao Z J, Yang J F. Development and evaluation of an immunochromatographic strip for trichinellosis detection. Vet Parasitol, 2006, 137:286-293
308. Zhang G P, Wang X N, Yang J F, Yang Y Y, Xing G X, Li Q M, Zhao D, Chai S J, Guo J Q. Development of an immunochromatographic lateral flow test strip for detection of β-adrenergic agonist Clenbuterol residues. J Immunol Methods, 2006, 312:27-33
309. Zhou E M, Chan M. Evaluation of antibodies against avian influenza virus nucleoprotein. Avian Dis, 1998,42(3):517-522
310. Zhu Y , Socheat D, Bounlu K, Liang Y S, Sinuon M, Iusisiengmay S, He W, Xu M, Shi W Z, Bergquist R. Application of dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA) kit for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mekongi. Acta Tropica, 2005,96:137-141
311. Zhu Y C, He W, Liang Y S, Xu M, Yu C, Hua W, Chao G. Development of a rapid, simple dipstick dye immunoassay for schistosomiasis diagnosis. J Immunol Methods, 2002,266:1 -5
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |