成品油物流系统的构建与优化
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摘要
成品油是关系到国计民生的重要战略商品,作为国家的一类商品,在国民经济中占有非常重要的地位。成品油销售企业重视物流系统的构建与优化,对于降低成品油的销售物流成本,规避经营风险,增大企业获利能力,提高市场竞争力具有重要的作用。我国的成品油物流经历了几次重大的变革,使成品油物流由计划经济模式发展为市场经济模式,由大而全、小而全的经营模式转变为以石油为主业务的轻装上阵模式,各销售企业由自采制转变为铁路一级配送或公路二级配送。尽管取得了这些成绩,但是我国的成品油物流系统仍然存在物流整体布局不合理、储运设施较为落后、销售中间环节过多、信息化程度低等问题。基于此,重新规划设计成品油的物流系统,构建一个先进的成品油物流系统,并对其进行进一步的优化,对于我国成品油产业的发展具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。
本文通过分析中国成品油物流系统的发展现状、存在的问题,结合物流系统理论、物流管理理论、成品油库存、配送理论及信息管理理论等,探讨了我国构建现代化成品油物流系统的必要性,分析了我国成品油物流系统的内涵、特点及物流要素,制定了成品油物流系统的构建原则,通过树立现代物流理念,分别构建了成品油物流的运输系统、库存系统、配送系统以及信息系统。最后以中石油为例,对中石油的物流系统进行了实证分析。
首先,阐述了本课题研究目的和意义,分析了国内外相关研究现状,介绍了本文的主要研究内容及其采用的主要研究方法,提出了我国成品油物流系统的研究框架。
其次,从成品油物流体系的理论基础入手,概括了物流系统理论、物流管理理论、库存及配送理论以及信息管理理论,探讨了各个理论在我国成品油物流中的运用和借鉴之处。
第三,分析了构建成品油物流系统的必要性,提出了成品油物流系统的内涵,总结出成品油物流系统主要有系统性、虚拟化、协同化、动态化、信息化以及绿色化的特点,并制定了成品油物流系统的构建原则,最后指出了成品油物流系统的研究应该包括运输子系统、仓储子系统、配送子系统以及信息子系统的构建。
第四,介绍了成品油主要的运输方式及各自的特点,分析了不同的情况下应该选择的运输方式,通过数学建模构建出成品油的运输体系,并通过最短路网络模型对其路径进行优化。
第五,分析了成品油油库选址应该遵循的原则及决策的过程,介绍了几种成品油油库的选址方法。通过分析成品油库存的主要问题及成品油库存的主要管理策略,提出成品油的库存模型,最后提出了成品油库存管理的优化方案及其定量评价。
第六,总结了成品油物流配送的涵义和特点,分析了成品油配送的现状,提出我国成品油配送体系还存在的问题。通过分析成品油物流配送的类型、形式以及成品油物流配送的渠道,提出了物流配送的模式及其适用条件,最后对成品油的配送业务流程进行优化。
第七,构建了成品油物流的信息系统,首先分析了我国建立成品油物流信息系统的现实意义及必要性,接着提出了构建物流信息系统的策略,以及对物流信息系统的管理及优化。
最后,以中石油某分公司为例进行实证分析,首先分析了中石油物流配送体系的特点和面临的问题,接下来着重分析某分公司的配送体系,结合第六部分的内容,提出了配送体系的优化方案,具有很好的现实意义。
Oil product is an important strategic commodity which related to people's livelihood. As a kind of important materials, oil product plays a very important role in the national economy. It is good for the oil sales enterprises to reduce the logistics cost, avoid business risk, increase the profitability of enterprises and improve the market competitiveness if they pay attention to the construction and optimization of the logistics systems. The logistics of oil product in China has undergone several major changes, and the logistics of oil product have developed from planned economy model to market economy model, changed from comprehensive business model to single business model which focus on oil product, transformed from independent procurement to railway level distribution or highway secondary distribution. Even thought we score certain achievements, there still exist some problem in the oil product logistics systems, such as the unreasonable of the logistics overall layout, backward storage facilities, too much sales intermediate links and lower degree of information technology. Based on this, it has practical and theoretical significance for the oil industry to redesign and construct an advanced oil logistics system and carry out further optimization.
This dissertation analyzes the current situation and the existing problem of China's oil logistics system. Based on the logistics system theory, logistics management theory, oil inventory and distribution theory and information management theory, the dissertation studies the necessity of building modern oil logistics system, analyzes the connotation, characteristics and logistics elements of China's oil logistics system, establishes the construction principle of oil logistics system. According to set up modern logistics concept, the dissertation establishes transport system, inventory system, distribution system and information system of the oil logistics. At last, the dissertation takes Petro China as example, empirical analyzing the oil logistics system.
Firstly, the dissertation discusses the research purpose and meaning, analyzes the research status at home and abroad, introduces main research contents and adopted main research methods, puts forth research framework of oil logistics system.
Secondly, starting with theoretical basis of oil logistics system, the dissertation summarizes logistics system theory, logistics management theory, oil inventory and distribution theory and information management theory, discusses how to use these theory in the oil logistics system.
Thirdly, the dissertation analyzes the necessity of building oil logistics system, puts forth the connotation of the logistics system, summarizes that the oil logistics system has characteristics of systemic, virtualization, collaboration, dynamic, information and green, makes principle of constructing oil logistics system. Finally the dissertation points out that the study of the oil logistics system should include constructing transport subsystem, storage subsystem, distribution subsystem and information subsystem.
Fourthly, the dissertation introduces main means of transportation and their own characteristics, analyzes how to choose transportation ways at different situations, constructs oil logistics system through mathematical modeling, optimizes the transportation route according the shortest path network model.
Fifthly, the dissertation analyzes the principles and decision making process of selecting oil depot, introduces some methods about how to select oil depot. According to analyze the main problem and the management strategy of oil depot, the dissertation brings forward the oil inventory model, and puts forward the optimization program and quantitative evaluation of the oil inventory management.
Sixthly, the dissertation summarizes the connotation and characteristics of the oil distribution, analyzes the status of oil distribution, bring forward the existing problem in China's oil distribution system. By analyzing the types, forms and channels of the oil distribution, the dissertation puts forward some models of oil distribution and their applying conditions, finally optimizes the oil products distribution business processes.
Seventhly, the dissertation constructs oil logistics information system, analyzes the practical significance and necessity of building oil logistics information system, then puts forward some tactics on how to optimize the system.
Finally, the dissertation takes Petro China as example, empirical analyzing the oil logistics system. The dissertation analyzes its characteristics and problems, mainly analyzes the distribution system of one branch of Petro China. Combined with the contents of part six, the dissertation proposes optimization program of the distribution system, so this study has practical significance.
本文通过分析中国成品油物流系统的发展现状、存在的问题,结合物流系统理论、物流管理理论、成品油库存、配送理论及信息管理理论等,探讨了我国构建现代化成品油物流系统的必要性,分析了我国成品油物流系统的内涵、特点及物流要素,制定了成品油物流系统的构建原则,通过树立现代物流理念,分别构建了成品油物流的运输系统、库存系统、配送系统以及信息系统。最后以中石油为例,对中石油的物流系统进行了实证分析。
首先,阐述了本课题研究目的和意义,分析了国内外相关研究现状,介绍了本文的主要研究内容及其采用的主要研究方法,提出了我国成品油物流系统的研究框架。
其次,从成品油物流体系的理论基础入手,概括了物流系统理论、物流管理理论、库存及配送理论以及信息管理理论,探讨了各个理论在我国成品油物流中的运用和借鉴之处。
第三,分析了构建成品油物流系统的必要性,提出了成品油物流系统的内涵,总结出成品油物流系统主要有系统性、虚拟化、协同化、动态化、信息化以及绿色化的特点,并制定了成品油物流系统的构建原则,最后指出了成品油物流系统的研究应该包括运输子系统、仓储子系统、配送子系统以及信息子系统的构建。
第四,介绍了成品油主要的运输方式及各自的特点,分析了不同的情况下应该选择的运输方式,通过数学建模构建出成品油的运输体系,并通过最短路网络模型对其路径进行优化。
第五,分析了成品油油库选址应该遵循的原则及决策的过程,介绍了几种成品油油库的选址方法。通过分析成品油库存的主要问题及成品油库存的主要管理策略,提出成品油的库存模型,最后提出了成品油库存管理的优化方案及其定量评价。
第六,总结了成品油物流配送的涵义和特点,分析了成品油配送的现状,提出我国成品油配送体系还存在的问题。通过分析成品油物流配送的类型、形式以及成品油物流配送的渠道,提出了物流配送的模式及其适用条件,最后对成品油的配送业务流程进行优化。
第七,构建了成品油物流的信息系统,首先分析了我国建立成品油物流信息系统的现实意义及必要性,接着提出了构建物流信息系统的策略,以及对物流信息系统的管理及优化。
最后,以中石油某分公司为例进行实证分析,首先分析了中石油物流配送体系的特点和面临的问题,接下来着重分析某分公司的配送体系,结合第六部分的内容,提出了配送体系的优化方案,具有很好的现实意义。
Oil product is an important strategic commodity which related to people's livelihood. As a kind of important materials, oil product plays a very important role in the national economy. It is good for the oil sales enterprises to reduce the logistics cost, avoid business risk, increase the profitability of enterprises and improve the market competitiveness if they pay attention to the construction and optimization of the logistics systems. The logistics of oil product in China has undergone several major changes, and the logistics of oil product have developed from planned economy model to market economy model, changed from comprehensive business model to single business model which focus on oil product, transformed from independent procurement to railway level distribution or highway secondary distribution. Even thought we score certain achievements, there still exist some problem in the oil product logistics systems, such as the unreasonable of the logistics overall layout, backward storage facilities, too much sales intermediate links and lower degree of information technology. Based on this, it has practical and theoretical significance for the oil industry to redesign and construct an advanced oil logistics system and carry out further optimization.
This dissertation analyzes the current situation and the existing problem of China's oil logistics system. Based on the logistics system theory, logistics management theory, oil inventory and distribution theory and information management theory, the dissertation studies the necessity of building modern oil logistics system, analyzes the connotation, characteristics and logistics elements of China's oil logistics system, establishes the construction principle of oil logistics system. According to set up modern logistics concept, the dissertation establishes transport system, inventory system, distribution system and information system of the oil logistics. At last, the dissertation takes Petro China as example, empirical analyzing the oil logistics system.
Firstly, the dissertation discusses the research purpose and meaning, analyzes the research status at home and abroad, introduces main research contents and adopted main research methods, puts forth research framework of oil logistics system.
Secondly, starting with theoretical basis of oil logistics system, the dissertation summarizes logistics system theory, logistics management theory, oil inventory and distribution theory and information management theory, discusses how to use these theory in the oil logistics system.
Thirdly, the dissertation analyzes the necessity of building oil logistics system, puts forth the connotation of the logistics system, summarizes that the oil logistics system has characteristics of systemic, virtualization, collaboration, dynamic, information and green, makes principle of constructing oil logistics system. Finally the dissertation points out that the study of the oil logistics system should include constructing transport subsystem, storage subsystem, distribution subsystem and information subsystem.
Fourthly, the dissertation introduces main means of transportation and their own characteristics, analyzes how to choose transportation ways at different situations, constructs oil logistics system through mathematical modeling, optimizes the transportation route according the shortest path network model.
Fifthly, the dissertation analyzes the principles and decision making process of selecting oil depot, introduces some methods about how to select oil depot. According to analyze the main problem and the management strategy of oil depot, the dissertation brings forward the oil inventory model, and puts forward the optimization program and quantitative evaluation of the oil inventory management.
Sixthly, the dissertation summarizes the connotation and characteristics of the oil distribution, analyzes the status of oil distribution, bring forward the existing problem in China's oil distribution system. By analyzing the types, forms and channels of the oil distribution, the dissertation puts forward some models of oil distribution and their applying conditions, finally optimizes the oil products distribution business processes.
Seventhly, the dissertation constructs oil logistics information system, analyzes the practical significance and necessity of building oil logistics information system, then puts forward some tactics on how to optimize the system.
Finally, the dissertation takes Petro China as example, empirical analyzing the oil logistics system. The dissertation analyzes its characteristics and problems, mainly analyzes the distribution system of one branch of Petro China. Combined with the contents of part six, the dissertation proposes optimization program of the distribution system, so this study has practical significance.
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