化学气相沉积法合成锂离子电池硅碳复合负极材料的研究
摘要
随着锂离子电池的应用范围向动力电池、储能电池领域扩展,对电池的能量密度和循环寿命提出了更高的要求,而电极材料是决定其性能的关键因素,所以开发高性能新型电极材料成为研究热点。目前商品化的锂离子电池负极材料为石墨,但其容量开发接近理论值,已不能适应于目前对大容量、高功率化学电源的广泛需求。所以,寻找更高容量的负极材料是目前锂离子电池负极材料研究的重要方向之.
迄今为止,硅是理论比容量最大的负极材料,但充放电过程中,体积过度膨胀导致容量衰减加快,极大地限制了其在锂离子电池中的应用。硅材料改性的有效方法之一就是将硅分散在碳的“缓冲基体”中,合成硅碳复合材料,结合两者的性能制备出具有高容量和优良循环性能的负极材料。
本论文采用二甲基二氯硅烷和甲苯作为硅源和碳源,分别选择石墨球、石墨烯和碳纳米管为碳基体,通过化学气相沉积方法,合成硅碳复合材料。研究了复合材料的结构组成和形成机理,并对其电化学性能进行了表征测试。复合材料中碳基体提高了材料的电导率,而沉积的无定形碳构成的网络结构将硅和碳基体稳固连接,有效地缓解了硅电极在充放电过程中的体积膨胀,保证了电极材料的稳定性
As application of lithium-ion battery expand to power battery and energy storage batteries, high energy density and cycle life of batteries are required. Performance is depended on the electrode materials. Therefore, researches focus on the development of new electrode materials. Graphite, as the commercialization of lithium-ion battery anode material, has limited application because of its limited theoretical capacity. To develop higher capacity anode materials is the most important research for the lithium ion battery.
So far, Silicon has the largest theoretical specific capacity. However, the volume expansion during the charge and discharge process cause capacity fading, greatly limiting its application in lithium-ion batteries. Many methods have been used to improve silicon anode properties, one of the effective way is to disperse silicon into the carbon matrix. Therefore, preparing silicon/carbon composite materials can effectively improve the capacity and cycle performance.
We synthesized Si/C composite using dimethyldichlorosilane and toluene as Si and C source on different carbon substrates via the Chemical Vapor Deposition process. The electrical performances of the obtained composites are analyzed. It is concluded that carbon matrix can effectively improve the conductivity. Silicon and carbon matrix were tightly connected by amorphous carbon network so that the volume expansion of silicon during the cycling was effectively released to realize structure stable.
迄今为止,硅是理论比容量最大的负极材料,但充放电过程中,体积过度膨胀导致容量衰减加快,极大地限制了其在锂离子电池中的应用。硅材料改性的有效方法之一就是将硅分散在碳的“缓冲基体”中,合成硅碳复合材料,结合两者的性能制备出具有高容量和优良循环性能的负极材料。
本论文采用二甲基二氯硅烷和甲苯作为硅源和碳源,分别选择石墨球、石墨烯和碳纳米管为碳基体,通过化学气相沉积方法,合成硅碳复合材料。研究了复合材料的结构组成和形成机理,并对其电化学性能进行了表征测试。复合材料中碳基体提高了材料的电导率,而沉积的无定形碳构成的网络结构将硅和碳基体稳固连接,有效地缓解了硅电极在充放电过程中的体积膨胀,保证了电极材料的稳定性
As application of lithium-ion battery expand to power battery and energy storage batteries, high energy density and cycle life of batteries are required. Performance is depended on the electrode materials. Therefore, researches focus on the development of new electrode materials. Graphite, as the commercialization of lithium-ion battery anode material, has limited application because of its limited theoretical capacity. To develop higher capacity anode materials is the most important research for the lithium ion battery.
So far, Silicon has the largest theoretical specific capacity. However, the volume expansion during the charge and discharge process cause capacity fading, greatly limiting its application in lithium-ion batteries. Many methods have been used to improve silicon anode properties, one of the effective way is to disperse silicon into the carbon matrix. Therefore, preparing silicon/carbon composite materials can effectively improve the capacity and cycle performance.
We synthesized Si/C composite using dimethyldichlorosilane and toluene as Si and C source on different carbon substrates via the Chemical Vapor Deposition process. The electrical performances of the obtained composites are analyzed. It is concluded that carbon matrix can effectively improve the conductivity. Silicon and carbon matrix were tightly connected by amorphous carbon network so that the volume expansion of silicon during the cycling was effectively released to realize structure stable.
引文
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