东濮古近纪伸展断陷构造样式
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摘要
本文以区域地质、地震和钻井资料为基础,根据伸展断陷盆地构造分析的理论和方法,研究了东濮凹陷古近纪伸展断陷盆地的基本格架、伸展连锁断层系统的构造特征和不同期伸展断陷的叠合类型,并重新分析和讨论了变换构造类型、特征及成因和以伸展作用为主的局部构造样式以及其与油气聚集的关系。本文着重讨论了以下六个问题。
(1)兰聊断层在古近纪的活动及其诱导的上盘系统的构造变形控制了东濮凹陷具有东西分带、南北分区的基本构造特征,总体上构成“两凹夹一凸及一斜坡”的构造格局。根据东濮凹陷不同区段的主干基底断层位移的差异和横向调节带分布将东濮凹陷分为北、中、南三个区段。
(2)东濮凹陷断裂构造体系复杂,伸展连锁断层系统的构造样式为在兰聊断裂带形成狭窄的断阶;中央断裂带结构最复杂,伸展连锁断层系统后期构成反向和同向次一级“共轭正断层”系统,形成复式地堑系、复式地垒系和地堑、垒叠置的复杂断块群;西部斜坡带以平缓的断阶及其主干基底断层与盖层断层的反“y”型断层组合为主。
(3)东濮凹陷不同期伸展断陷的叠合类型主要为继承型和相干型。濮城次凹、前梨园次凹为继承型;柳屯、海通集次凹和南何家、孟岗集次凹属于对向相干型;葛岗集次凹为继承型与同向相干型叠合的复合型。
(4)根据重新定义的变换构造的概念和分类方案,将东濮凹陷变换构造分为南、北端2个一级横向调节带、凹陷内3个二级横向调节带、8种型式的三级横向调节带和传递带,其中调节带2种型式、传递带5种型式、调节带和传递带叠加变换构造1种型式。
(5)东濮凹陷以伸展作用为主的局部构造样式有5种:①与伸展作用有关的局部构造为与正断层相关的褶皱和断块,如濮城滚动背斜、郎中集构造等地堑中背形构造,断阶、地堑和地垒叠合的复杂断块构造等。②与扭动作用有关的局部构造为毛岗负花状构造和分布在走滑断层外侧的左阶雁行式伸展断块构造。③与挤压缩短作用有关的局部反转构造。④盐构造和⑤遭剥蚀的断块山。
(6)总结了东濮凹陷构造样式与油气分布的关系。指出不同期断陷叠合类型控制着油气生成条件;伸展褶皱是有利的含油气构造;复杂断块群是东濮凹陷主要的聚油气单元;控制储层发育的调节带是有利油气聚集区。
Based on the study of regional geology, earthquake and drilling data, as well as the theories and methods of structural analysis in extensional faulted basin, the geological setting, characteristics structural styles in extensional linkage fault systems and superimposed types in Dongpu extensional faulted depression are studied. The transfer structural types, feature and mechanism, and local extensional structural styles and their relation with hydrocarbon occurrence are reanalyzed systematically and discussed.Discussion on six problems is emphasized as follows in this paper.
(1) The basic feature of east-west zoning and south-north partition in Dongpu faulted depression are controlled by Paleogene activity of Lanliao fault, which induced the structural deformation in the hanging wall, forming the structural framework of one uplift between two depressions and one gentle slope. Based on the activity difference of faults and lateral accommodation zones, Dongpu faulted depression is divided into three segments, including northern, middle, and southern segment.
(2) Complex fault systems developed in Dongpu faulted depression. The structural style of extensional linkage fault system was showed as narrow fault step belt in Lanliao fault zone. Centrel fault zone is the most complex structure: anthitic and synthetic conjugate secondary normal fault systems formed at the late of extensional fault linkage, including compound graben system, compound horst system and graben-horst superimposed complex fault block group. In the western slope, there are mainly mild fault steps and reverse“y”style fault combined by master faults and secondary faults in cover strata.
(3) The major superimposed structureal types in different periods in Dongpu depression are inherited and interference type. Inherited types are developed in Pucheng subdepression and Qianliyuan sub depression convergent types developed in Liutun, Haitongji, Nanhejia and Menggangji subdepression, while inherited and interference composite type developed in Gegangji subdepression.
(4) Based on redefind concepts of transfer structure and its classification scheme, transfer structures identified in Dongpu fault depression include 2 first order transverse accommodation zones, 3 secondary transverse accommodation zones, 8 three-level transverse accommodation zone and transfer zone, in which there are 2 types of accommodation zones, 5 types of transfer zones, 1 compound type of accommodation zone and transfer zone.
(5) There are 5 types of local extensional structures in Dongpu faulted depression:①folds and fault blocks relative to normal fault, such as Pucheng rollover anticline and Langzhongji antiform structure formed in graben, fault step and fault block superimposed by graben and horst;②local structures relative to shear movement, such as Maogang negative flower structure and left-lateral en echlon extensional fault blocks arranged in external side of major strike slip fault;③local inverted structure related to compressed shorten movement;④salt structures and⑤eroded fault block hills.
(6) Relation between structural styles and hydrocarbon occurrence are summarized. Superimposed structural types of different period control formation condition of source beds; extensional folds is the favored petroleum structure; complex fault-block groups are the major petroleum units; accommodation zones affect the distribution of source rock and development of reservoir, becoming the favored petroleum accumulation area.
(1)兰聊断层在古近纪的活动及其诱导的上盘系统的构造变形控制了东濮凹陷具有东西分带、南北分区的基本构造特征,总体上构成“两凹夹一凸及一斜坡”的构造格局。根据东濮凹陷不同区段的主干基底断层位移的差异和横向调节带分布将东濮凹陷分为北、中、南三个区段。
(2)东濮凹陷断裂构造体系复杂,伸展连锁断层系统的构造样式为在兰聊断裂带形成狭窄的断阶;中央断裂带结构最复杂,伸展连锁断层系统后期构成反向和同向次一级“共轭正断层”系统,形成复式地堑系、复式地垒系和地堑、垒叠置的复杂断块群;西部斜坡带以平缓的断阶及其主干基底断层与盖层断层的反“y”型断层组合为主。
(3)东濮凹陷不同期伸展断陷的叠合类型主要为继承型和相干型。濮城次凹、前梨园次凹为继承型;柳屯、海通集次凹和南何家、孟岗集次凹属于对向相干型;葛岗集次凹为继承型与同向相干型叠合的复合型。
(4)根据重新定义的变换构造的概念和分类方案,将东濮凹陷变换构造分为南、北端2个一级横向调节带、凹陷内3个二级横向调节带、8种型式的三级横向调节带和传递带,其中调节带2种型式、传递带5种型式、调节带和传递带叠加变换构造1种型式。
(5)东濮凹陷以伸展作用为主的局部构造样式有5种:①与伸展作用有关的局部构造为与正断层相关的褶皱和断块,如濮城滚动背斜、郎中集构造等地堑中背形构造,断阶、地堑和地垒叠合的复杂断块构造等。②与扭动作用有关的局部构造为毛岗负花状构造和分布在走滑断层外侧的左阶雁行式伸展断块构造。③与挤压缩短作用有关的局部反转构造。④盐构造和⑤遭剥蚀的断块山。
(6)总结了东濮凹陷构造样式与油气分布的关系。指出不同期断陷叠合类型控制着油气生成条件;伸展褶皱是有利的含油气构造;复杂断块群是东濮凹陷主要的聚油气单元;控制储层发育的调节带是有利油气聚集区。
Based on the study of regional geology, earthquake and drilling data, as well as the theories and methods of structural analysis in extensional faulted basin, the geological setting, characteristics structural styles in extensional linkage fault systems and superimposed types in Dongpu extensional faulted depression are studied. The transfer structural types, feature and mechanism, and local extensional structural styles and their relation with hydrocarbon occurrence are reanalyzed systematically and discussed.Discussion on six problems is emphasized as follows in this paper.
(1) The basic feature of east-west zoning and south-north partition in Dongpu faulted depression are controlled by Paleogene activity of Lanliao fault, which induced the structural deformation in the hanging wall, forming the structural framework of one uplift between two depressions and one gentle slope. Based on the activity difference of faults and lateral accommodation zones, Dongpu faulted depression is divided into three segments, including northern, middle, and southern segment.
(2) Complex fault systems developed in Dongpu faulted depression. The structural style of extensional linkage fault system was showed as narrow fault step belt in Lanliao fault zone. Centrel fault zone is the most complex structure: anthitic and synthetic conjugate secondary normal fault systems formed at the late of extensional fault linkage, including compound graben system, compound horst system and graben-horst superimposed complex fault block group. In the western slope, there are mainly mild fault steps and reverse“y”style fault combined by master faults and secondary faults in cover strata.
(3) The major superimposed structureal types in different periods in Dongpu depression are inherited and interference type. Inherited types are developed in Pucheng subdepression and Qianliyuan sub depression convergent types developed in Liutun, Haitongji, Nanhejia and Menggangji subdepression, while inherited and interference composite type developed in Gegangji subdepression.
(4) Based on redefind concepts of transfer structure and its classification scheme, transfer structures identified in Dongpu fault depression include 2 first order transverse accommodation zones, 3 secondary transverse accommodation zones, 8 three-level transverse accommodation zone and transfer zone, in which there are 2 types of accommodation zones, 5 types of transfer zones, 1 compound type of accommodation zone and transfer zone.
(5) There are 5 types of local extensional structures in Dongpu faulted depression:①folds and fault blocks relative to normal fault, such as Pucheng rollover anticline and Langzhongji antiform structure formed in graben, fault step and fault block superimposed by graben and horst;②local structures relative to shear movement, such as Maogang negative flower structure and left-lateral en echlon extensional fault blocks arranged in external side of major strike slip fault;③local inverted structure related to compressed shorten movement;④salt structures and⑤eroded fault block hills.
(6) Relation between structural styles and hydrocarbon occurrence are summarized. Superimposed structural types of different period control formation condition of source beds; extensional folds is the favored petroleum structure; complex fault-block groups are the major petroleum units; accommodation zones affect the distribution of source rock and development of reservoir, becoming the favored petroleum accumulation area.
引文
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