城市轨道交通线网结构特性研究
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摘要
摘要：城市轨道交通作为城市综合交通运输系统的重要组成,承载了城市居民大量的日常出行活动,是城市繁荣、有序及可持续发展的重要支撑条件。近年来,我国的城市轨道交通经过快速发展,已有众多大城市进入了轨道交通的网络化时代,因此对于轨道交通线网结构,尤其是拓扑结构的研究显得十分重要。线网规划作为轨道交通建设工作中重要的前期内容,对后续的设计、建设及运营都会造成重要影响,因此在规划阶段站在全局的角度,充分考虑轨道交通网络化效应对后续阶段的影响,对保证轨道交通系统高效、稳定、可持续的发展具有重要意义。
本文将近年来新兴起并快速发展的网络科学理论与轨道交通线网规划工作相结合,利用定量化的方法研究轨道交通网络拓扑结构特性,按照宏观特征、复杂性分析、微观节点重要度及网络稳定性的研究思路对国际上40个城市的轨道交通线网进行分析。主要包括以下内容：
1.收集国际上40个城市的轨道交通线网数据,建立相应拓扑结构模型。
2.利用轨道交通线网的宏观数据构建分析指标,从网络发展程度、网络形态、结构效率等角度对轨道交通线网的宏观特征进行分析,进一步对城市轨道交通线网的演化模式进行定位、分类,为我国城市轨道交通线网规划在宏观层面上提供参考、建议。
3.通过Space L、Space P拓扑结构模型表现轨道交通线网的空间实体结构和换乘关系,分别分析两种模型的无标度、小世界特性及相应演化规律,研究影响网络平均出行距离、换乘效率的因素,从拓扑结构角度提出优化建议。
4.利用网络中心性指标对轨道交通网络微观层面的节点重要度进行分析。构建基于接近中心性的节点可达性指标；根据介数中心性分析网络负荷分布规律以及负荷分布随网络规模增长的变化趋势,在此基础上提出轨道线网发展建议。
5.基于轨道交通线网复杂性及中心性特点,采用模拟实验的方式对轨道交通网络鲁棒性进行分析,分析轨道交通线网在不同攻击方式下的抗毁性,提出相应规划建议以及网络防护策略；
6.利用本文提出方法对北京市2015规划线网和现状轨道线网进行实例分析。
ABSTRACT:Urban rail transit as a subsystem of the comprehensive urban transportation system, takes an important role in supporting sustainable development of the city. With the rapid development of Metro in China, more and more cities enter into the network era of urban rail transit. Therefore the study on urban rail network, especially the network topology structure, becomes particularly important.
The purpose of this paper is to adopt the concept of network science to urban rail transit planning. The main contents of this dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. Collect the topology information of40metro networks worldwide, and establish the appropriate topology model, Space L and Space P.
2. Propose network characteristic indicators, analyze the metro network from the aspects of state, form and structure efficiency, and study the development、process and structure of urban rail network. Provide macro recommendations for the development of urban rail transit in China.
3. Illustrate the spatial structure and transfer relations of metro network through Space L and Space P model. Studying the scale-free and small-world features of metro network. Meanwhile, analyze the factors that affect the efficiency of the network from the evolution of these two models. Then, propose optimization proposals from the perspective of topology structure.
4. Study the importance of vertices based on the concept of network centrality. Propose a vertex accessibility indicator base on the concept of closeness centrality, and analyze the variation of vertics load distribution base on the concept of betweenness centrality.
5. Base on the characteristics of metro networks above, analyzing the robustness of metro networks through simulation experiment, and then studying the performance of metro networks under different attack strategies, in order to get planning proposals and protection strategies to improve network robustness of urban rail transit.
6. A case study on Beijing urban rail transit network2015planning and the GiS data of current urban rail transit network.
本文将近年来新兴起并快速发展的网络科学理论与轨道交通线网规划工作相结合,利用定量化的方法研究轨道交通网络拓扑结构特性,按照宏观特征、复杂性分析、微观节点重要度及网络稳定性的研究思路对国际上40个城市的轨道交通线网进行分析。主要包括以下内容：
1.收集国际上40个城市的轨道交通线网数据,建立相应拓扑结构模型。
2.利用轨道交通线网的宏观数据构建分析指标,从网络发展程度、网络形态、结构效率等角度对轨道交通线网的宏观特征进行分析,进一步对城市轨道交通线网的演化模式进行定位、分类,为我国城市轨道交通线网规划在宏观层面上提供参考、建议。
3.通过Space L、Space P拓扑结构模型表现轨道交通线网的空间实体结构和换乘关系,分别分析两种模型的无标度、小世界特性及相应演化规律,研究影响网络平均出行距离、换乘效率的因素,从拓扑结构角度提出优化建议。
4.利用网络中心性指标对轨道交通网络微观层面的节点重要度进行分析。构建基于接近中心性的节点可达性指标；根据介数中心性分析网络负荷分布规律以及负荷分布随网络规模增长的变化趋势,在此基础上提出轨道线网发展建议。
5.基于轨道交通线网复杂性及中心性特点,采用模拟实验的方式对轨道交通网络鲁棒性进行分析,分析轨道交通线网在不同攻击方式下的抗毁性,提出相应规划建议以及网络防护策略；
6.利用本文提出方法对北京市2015规划线网和现状轨道线网进行实例分析。
ABSTRACT:Urban rail transit as a subsystem of the comprehensive urban transportation system, takes an important role in supporting sustainable development of the city. With the rapid development of Metro in China, more and more cities enter into the network era of urban rail transit. Therefore the study on urban rail network, especially the network topology structure, becomes particularly important.
The purpose of this paper is to adopt the concept of network science to urban rail transit planning. The main contents of this dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. Collect the topology information of40metro networks worldwide, and establish the appropriate topology model, Space L and Space P.
2. Propose network characteristic indicators, analyze the metro network from the aspects of state, form and structure efficiency, and study the development、process and structure of urban rail network. Provide macro recommendations for the development of urban rail transit in China.
3. Illustrate the spatial structure and transfer relations of metro network through Space L and Space P model. Studying the scale-free and small-world features of metro network. Meanwhile, analyze the factors that affect the efficiency of the network from the evolution of these two models. Then, propose optimization proposals from the perspective of topology structure.
4. Study the importance of vertices based on the concept of network centrality. Propose a vertex accessibility indicator base on the concept of closeness centrality, and analyze the variation of vertics load distribution base on the concept of betweenness centrality.
5. Base on the characteristics of metro networks above, analyzing the robustness of metro networks through simulation experiment, and then studying the performance of metro networks under different attack strategies, in order to get planning proposals and protection strategies to improve network robustness of urban rail transit.
6. A case study on Beijing urban rail transit network2015planning and the GiS data of current urban rail transit network.
引文
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