考虑支座极限变形的串联隔震体系性能分析与振动台试验研究
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摘要
近年来,地震的频繁发生给各地震区造成巨大经济损失和人员伤亡,特别是近场地震造成的损失和伤亡更加严重。随着隔震技术的迅速发展和应用,隔震建筑如雨后春笋般涌现出来。由于工程的需要,隔震建筑呈多种发展形式,包括了基础隔震结构、层间隔震结构和复杂的串联隔震结构。对于基础隔震结构和层间隔震结构在建筑抗震规范中已有明显的体现,然而,对于复杂的串联隔震结构的设计在规范中并没有明显针对性的要求。随着串联隔震结构的大量建设,将叠层橡胶支座连接于钢筋混凝土柱顶部形成隔震层的现象比较常见,其被定义为串联隔震体系。对于串联隔震体系的力学性能和试验研究相对较少,特别是在串联隔震体系广泛应用的情况下,对于串联隔震体系的理论和试验研究就显得更加重要。本文在研究此问题的过程中采用渐进式的分析方法,首先分析了不同边界条件下叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度变化,然后对串联隔震体系的水平刚度进行了研究,再针对罕遇地震下叠层橡胶支座的变形特点,对串联隔震体系进行性能分析,同时,用有限元方法和理论分析探讨了串联隔震体系的恢复力模型、质点模型和地震响应,最后对串联隔震体系进行了近场和远场地震下的振动台试验研究,最终完成了整个串联隔震体系的理论和试验研究。
本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面：
1.针对隔震结构中叠层橡胶支座端部连接的特点,推导了考虑不同边界约束状态下叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度方程,用算例分析了边界条件对叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度的影响,探讨了不同边界条件下端部约束能力和竖向荷载对叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度的影响；然后,对典型的下部边界约束问题的串联隔震体系进行了分析,针对其自身的特点,考虑叠层橡胶支座和钢筋混凝土柱相互作用,在弯-剪-压作用下推导了串联隔震体系的水平刚度方程,对9种普通的叠层橡胶支座对应的串联隔震体系的水平刚度进行了参数分析,提出了简化方程。并针对某一类代表性的叠层橡胶支座对应的串联隔震体系水平刚度方程进行了参数影响分析,与用有限元模型的分析结果进行对比,验证模型的正确性和适用性；
2.针对建筑抗震规范的相关规定隔震层下部结构和构件要进行罕遇地震下变形和承载力验算的要求,进行了以叠层橡胶支座的极限变形为基础,考虑钢筋混凝土柱的不同损伤状态的串联隔震体系的性能分析,讨论了串联隔震体系的性能指标限值,并与静力试验进行了对比；
3.在隔震结构中串联隔震体系以隔震层的形式存在,隔震结构在进行动力计算时串联隔震体系的恢复力模型就较为关键。用有限元软件Marc对带铅芯叠层橡胶支座的串联隔震体系进行了非线性力学性能分析,系统的分析了力和变形关系、等效水平刚度和破坏等力学特性,并与试验部分结果进行了对比分析；基于铅芯叠层橡胶支座的恢复力模型提出串联隔震体系的恢复力模型,探讨串联隔震体系参数对双质点模型和单质点模型的特性的影响,采用单质点模型分析了近场地震作用下串联隔震体系的动力响应和减震效果,探讨了地震动加速度峰值对串联隔震体系减震效果的影响；
4.对串联隔震体系进行了近场和远场地震作用下的振动台试验,研究串联隔震体系的动力响应特点,对比了近场和远场地震作用下串联隔震体系的动力响应,分析了近场和远场地震作用下串联隔震体系的减震效果,探讨了近场地震作用下输入模式对串联隔震体系的减震效果的影响,分析串联隔震体系试验模型的破坏特点和规律,讨论地震动加速度峰值对串联隔震体系减震效果的影响,并用串联隔震体系试验测试的加速时程响应度和位移时程响应与理论模型的计算结果进行了对比。
In recent years, earthquake occurs frequently and causes great damage and casualties in seismic areas, especially for the near-fault earthquake the losses and casualties is more serious. With the rapid development and application of isolation technology, many isolation buildings occur. Because of the need for engineering, there are many forms of isolation building including based isolation structure and mid-story isolation structure and series isolation structure. There are obvious requirements for based isolation structure and mid-story isolation structure in the code for seismic design of building except the series isolation structure. With the construction of many series isolation structures, it is a common phenomenon that the laminated rubber bearing is set on the top of reinforced concrete column, and is difined as series isolation system. The study of mechanical properties and experimental research for series isolation system is rare, and is more important with the widely application of series isolation system in the series isolation structure. In this paper, firstly, the horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearing for the defferent boundary conditions is analyzed, and the horizontal stiffness of series isolation system is studied. Secondly, performance analysis of series isolation system is done considering the limited deformation of laminated rubber bearing under the rare earthquake. Thirdly, restoring force model and the mass model and dynnimic responses of series isolation system is further discussed using the finite element method and the theoretical analysis. Finally, shaking table test of series isolation system is carried out for the near-fault and far-fault ground motion, and dynamic response and seismic reduced ratio is analyzed, and the theoretical and the experimental research for series isolation system should be finished.
The main research content of this article is as followed:
1. Considering the connection of top and bottom of laminated rubber bearing in the isolation structure, horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearing is derived for the different boundary conditions. The influence of different boundary condition for horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearing is analyzed using a case and the influence of boundary constraint ability for horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearing is further discussed under the different boundary conditions. Series isolation system is a typical boundary condition that the bottom of laminated rubber bearing is constrained by the conlumn. Based on its characteristic, the equation of horizontal stiffness for series isolation system is derived under the bending-shear-axial force considering the interaction of the laminated rubber bearing and reinforced concrete column. Horizontal stiffness for series isolation system related to nine given common laminated rubber bearings are analyzed using the related parameters, and the simplified equation is proposed. The influence of the related parameters for horizontal stiffness for series isolation system related to certain laminated rubber bearing is studied. Finally, the condition is given that the simplified equation is used
2. Substructure and component under the isolation layer in the isolation building is done by deformation and bearing capacity checking calculation under the rare earthquake in the code for seismic building design. The analytical method is proposed, which performance analysis of series isolation system is done considering the performance levels of reinforced concrete column based on the limit deformation of laminated rubber bearing. Performance indexes are proposed. Finally, the analysis results of the performance indexes are compared to that of static test.
3. The restoring force model of series isolation system is important when the dynamic calculation for isolation structure is done considering the series isolation system as an isolation layer. The nonlinear mechanical properties of series isolation system with the lead laminated rubber bearing are analyzed using the finite element software MARC, and mechanic properties including the relationship of deformationand force and equavilent horizontal stiffness and damage are studied systematically. Parts of mechanic properties are compared to the results of shaking table test for series isolation system. The restoring force model of series isolation system is analyzed based on the restoring force model of lead laminated rubber bearing, and the influence of parameters including the horinzontal stiffness ratio and mass ratio on its natural vibration properties are analyzed for the two mass model compared with the single mass model. Dynamic response and seismic reduced ratio of the series isolation system are studied and the influence of the peak grond acceleration for the seismic reduced ratio of series isolation system is further discussed.
4. The shaking table test of series isolation system is carried out under the near-fault ground motion and far-fault ground motion. The characteristic of dynamic response for series isolation system is studied. Dynamic responses under the near-fault and far-fault ground motion are compared and seismic reduced ratio for series isolation system is analyzed. The effect of input patterns of the earthquake waves for seismic reduced ratio of series isolation system is discussed, and the damage characteristics and laws of series isolation system are analyzed and the influence of the peak grond acceleration for the seismic reduced ratio of series isolation system is further discussed. The acceleration time history response and for series isolation system displacement time history response of shaking table test are compared with that of theoretical model.
本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面：
1.针对隔震结构中叠层橡胶支座端部连接的特点,推导了考虑不同边界约束状态下叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度方程,用算例分析了边界条件对叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度的影响,探讨了不同边界条件下端部约束能力和竖向荷载对叠层橡胶支座的水平刚度的影响；然后,对典型的下部边界约束问题的串联隔震体系进行了分析,针对其自身的特点,考虑叠层橡胶支座和钢筋混凝土柱相互作用,在弯-剪-压作用下推导了串联隔震体系的水平刚度方程,对9种普通的叠层橡胶支座对应的串联隔震体系的水平刚度进行了参数分析,提出了简化方程。并针对某一类代表性的叠层橡胶支座对应的串联隔震体系水平刚度方程进行了参数影响分析,与用有限元模型的分析结果进行对比,验证模型的正确性和适用性；
2.针对建筑抗震规范的相关规定隔震层下部结构和构件要进行罕遇地震下变形和承载力验算的要求,进行了以叠层橡胶支座的极限变形为基础,考虑钢筋混凝土柱的不同损伤状态的串联隔震体系的性能分析,讨论了串联隔震体系的性能指标限值,并与静力试验进行了对比；
3.在隔震结构中串联隔震体系以隔震层的形式存在,隔震结构在进行动力计算时串联隔震体系的恢复力模型就较为关键。用有限元软件Marc对带铅芯叠层橡胶支座的串联隔震体系进行了非线性力学性能分析,系统的分析了力和变形关系、等效水平刚度和破坏等力学特性,并与试验部分结果进行了对比分析；基于铅芯叠层橡胶支座的恢复力模型提出串联隔震体系的恢复力模型,探讨串联隔震体系参数对双质点模型和单质点模型的特性的影响,采用单质点模型分析了近场地震作用下串联隔震体系的动力响应和减震效果,探讨了地震动加速度峰值对串联隔震体系减震效果的影响；
4.对串联隔震体系进行了近场和远场地震作用下的振动台试验,研究串联隔震体系的动力响应特点,对比了近场和远场地震作用下串联隔震体系的动力响应,分析了近场和远场地震作用下串联隔震体系的减震效果,探讨了近场地震作用下输入模式对串联隔震体系的减震效果的影响,分析串联隔震体系试验模型的破坏特点和规律,讨论地震动加速度峰值对串联隔震体系减震效果的影响,并用串联隔震体系试验测试的加速时程响应度和位移时程响应与理论模型的计算结果进行了对比。
In recent years, earthquake occurs frequently and causes great damage and casualties in seismic areas, especially for the near-fault earthquake the losses and casualties is more serious. With the rapid development and application of isolation technology, many isolation buildings occur. Because of the need for engineering, there are many forms of isolation building including based isolation structure and mid-story isolation structure and series isolation structure. There are obvious requirements for based isolation structure and mid-story isolation structure in the code for seismic design of building except the series isolation structure. With the construction of many series isolation structures, it is a common phenomenon that the laminated rubber bearing is set on the top of reinforced concrete column, and is difined as series isolation system. The study of mechanical properties and experimental research for series isolation system is rare, and is more important with the widely application of series isolation system in the series isolation structure. In this paper, firstly, the horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearing for the defferent boundary conditions is analyzed, and the horizontal stiffness of series isolation system is studied. Secondly, performance analysis of series isolation system is done considering the limited deformation of laminated rubber bearing under the rare earthquake. Thirdly, restoring force model and the mass model and dynnimic responses of series isolation system is further discussed using the finite element method and the theoretical analysis. Finally, shaking table test of series isolation system is carried out for the near-fault and far-fault ground motion, and dynamic response and seismic reduced ratio is analyzed, and the theoretical and the experimental research for series isolation system should be finished.
The main research content of this article is as followed:
1. Considering the connection of top and bottom of laminated rubber bearing in the isolation structure, horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearing is derived for the different boundary conditions. The influence of different boundary condition for horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearing is analyzed using a case and the influence of boundary constraint ability for horizontal stiffness of laminated rubber bearing is further discussed under the different boundary conditions. Series isolation system is a typical boundary condition that the bottom of laminated rubber bearing is constrained by the conlumn. Based on its characteristic, the equation of horizontal stiffness for series isolation system is derived under the bending-shear-axial force considering the interaction of the laminated rubber bearing and reinforced concrete column. Horizontal stiffness for series isolation system related to nine given common laminated rubber bearings are analyzed using the related parameters, and the simplified equation is proposed. The influence of the related parameters for horizontal stiffness for series isolation system related to certain laminated rubber bearing is studied. Finally, the condition is given that the simplified equation is used
2. Substructure and component under the isolation layer in the isolation building is done by deformation and bearing capacity checking calculation under the rare earthquake in the code for seismic building design. The analytical method is proposed, which performance analysis of series isolation system is done considering the performance levels of reinforced concrete column based on the limit deformation of laminated rubber bearing. Performance indexes are proposed. Finally, the analysis results of the performance indexes are compared to that of static test.
3. The restoring force model of series isolation system is important when the dynamic calculation for isolation structure is done considering the series isolation system as an isolation layer. The nonlinear mechanical properties of series isolation system with the lead laminated rubber bearing are analyzed using the finite element software MARC, and mechanic properties including the relationship of deformationand force and equavilent horizontal stiffness and damage are studied systematically. Parts of mechanic properties are compared to the results of shaking table test for series isolation system. The restoring force model of series isolation system is analyzed based on the restoring force model of lead laminated rubber bearing, and the influence of parameters including the horinzontal stiffness ratio and mass ratio on its natural vibration properties are analyzed for the two mass model compared with the single mass model. Dynamic response and seismic reduced ratio of the series isolation system are studied and the influence of the peak grond acceleration for the seismic reduced ratio of series isolation system is further discussed.
4. The shaking table test of series isolation system is carried out under the near-fault ground motion and far-fault ground motion. The characteristic of dynamic response for series isolation system is studied. Dynamic responses under the near-fault and far-fault ground motion are compared and seismic reduced ratio for series isolation system is analyzed. The effect of input patterns of the earthquake waves for seismic reduced ratio of series isolation system is discussed, and the damage characteristics and laws of series isolation system are analyzed and the influence of the peak grond acceleration for the seismic reduced ratio of series isolation system is further discussed. The acceleration time history response and for series isolation system displacement time history response of shaking table test are compared with that of theoretical model.
引文
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