中美体育旅游发展差异的比较研究
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摘要
在研究中美体育旅游异同对促进我国体育旅游学科建设和实践发展的思路下,本文从中美两国体育旅游研究的基本情况和中美两国体育旅游发展的案例出发,剖析两国体育旅游研究和发展的差异性及其存在的原因,并据此提出了中美两国体育旅游发展的差异和中国体育旅游未来研究与实践发展的建议。主要研究结论如下：
1、中美两国对体育旅游认知不同。中国侧重从体育旅游的客体维度理解,美国侧重从体育旅游的主体维度理解。这种差异产生的原因是中国体育旅游认知者把自己看成是“他者”的立场,美国体育旅游认知者把自己看成是“自我”的立场。
2、中美两国体育旅游形式选择不同。中国体育旅游形式选择注重事物的有用性,物尽其用,工具理性思想明显；美国体育旅游形式选择注重客户的主观感受的程度,选择怀旧体验模式、目的地形象认知模式等价值理性更强一些的备选项。
3、中美两国体育旅游内容选择不同。中国在体育旅游内容选择上往往会利用信息不对称蒙骗参与者,或者资源的稀缺性“坐地起价”；而美国在体育旅游内容选择上更多地注意目的地形象,出现体育旅游借助目的地的影响的“搭便车”行为。
4、中美两国体育旅游研究和现实发展取向不同。中国体育旅游发展取向侧重以资源供给导向,是偏向“物”的层面,“重物轻人”现象严重；美国体育旅游发展取向侧重以体育旅游者需求为导向,以人为本,表现为“重人轻物”。
5、针对中美两国体育旅游研究和实践发展的差异,以及我国体育旅游发展中存在的问题,提出了研究者应该抓住本国特色、注意比较研究,通过研究带动体育旅游发展；研究者应该增强自律,实现立场从客体服务者向主体参与者转变；政府应该强化责任认识体育旅游的社会经济作用,从而转变管理职能,完善政策供给等的未来发展方向和改进措施。
By studying of the Chinese and American sport tourism to promote sport tourism development in China, started from the basic realities of the sports tourism research in both countries. With dissecting the differences of the research and development in the two countries and their subjective reasons, given contemplated the future development direction of the lacking dimensions of sport tourism. The main conclusions are as follows:
1, There are differences between Chinese and the American sport tourism knowledge. China focus on sport tourism object dimensions, and the America focused on understanding from the main body of the sport tourism dimension. The reason for this difference is China sport tourism looks himself as a "stand" position, but the American sport tourism knower himself as" self "position.
2, China and the America choose a different form of sport tourism. Form of sport tourism in China choose to focus on something useful, the best use of the tools of rational thought; subjective feelings of the extent of the American form of sports tourism focus on customer select a nostalgic experience model, the value of the destination image cognitive model more rational some of the alternatives.
3, China and the United America sport tourism content selection difference. Sport tourism content selection tends to use information asymmetry to deceive customers, or the scarcity of resources; American sport tourism content selection more main attention to the destination image, with the purpose of sport tourism land of the impact of the "free-rider" behavior.
4, There is difference on sport tourism research and practical development orientation of China and the America. Chinese sport tourism development focus on resource supply-oriented, tend to the level of "objects" the "weights light" phenomenon is serious; sports tourism development orientation focused to sports tourists demand-oriented, people-oriented, performance satisfaction but light objects.
5, For the differences in the American sport tourism research and practice development, and development of sport tourism, proposed researchers should seize the specialty, pay attention to the comparative study, led the development of sport tourism through research; researchers should enhance self-discipline, to achieve the stance transition from object to the main participants; government should strengthen public service responsibility to learn sports tourism, and change management functions, improve the system of supply, such as the future direction of development and improvement measures.
1、中美两国对体育旅游认知不同。中国侧重从体育旅游的客体维度理解,美国侧重从体育旅游的主体维度理解。这种差异产生的原因是中国体育旅游认知者把自己看成是“他者”的立场,美国体育旅游认知者把自己看成是“自我”的立场。
2、中美两国体育旅游形式选择不同。中国体育旅游形式选择注重事物的有用性,物尽其用,工具理性思想明显；美国体育旅游形式选择注重客户的主观感受的程度,选择怀旧体验模式、目的地形象认知模式等价值理性更强一些的备选项。
3、中美两国体育旅游内容选择不同。中国在体育旅游内容选择上往往会利用信息不对称蒙骗参与者,或者资源的稀缺性“坐地起价”；而美国在体育旅游内容选择上更多地注意目的地形象,出现体育旅游借助目的地的影响的“搭便车”行为。
4、中美两国体育旅游研究和现实发展取向不同。中国体育旅游发展取向侧重以资源供给导向,是偏向“物”的层面,“重物轻人”现象严重；美国体育旅游发展取向侧重以体育旅游者需求为导向,以人为本,表现为“重人轻物”。
5、针对中美两国体育旅游研究和实践发展的差异,以及我国体育旅游发展中存在的问题,提出了研究者应该抓住本国特色、注意比较研究,通过研究带动体育旅游发展；研究者应该增强自律,实现立场从客体服务者向主体参与者转变；政府应该强化责任认识体育旅游的社会经济作用,从而转变管理职能,完善政策供给等的未来发展方向和改进措施。
By studying of the Chinese and American sport tourism to promote sport tourism development in China, started from the basic realities of the sports tourism research in both countries. With dissecting the differences of the research and development in the two countries and their subjective reasons, given contemplated the future development direction of the lacking dimensions of sport tourism. The main conclusions are as follows:
1, There are differences between Chinese and the American sport tourism knowledge. China focus on sport tourism object dimensions, and the America focused on understanding from the main body of the sport tourism dimension. The reason for this difference is China sport tourism looks himself as a "stand" position, but the American sport tourism knower himself as" self "position.
2, China and the America choose a different form of sport tourism. Form of sport tourism in China choose to focus on something useful, the best use of the tools of rational thought; subjective feelings of the extent of the American form of sports tourism focus on customer select a nostalgic experience model, the value of the destination image cognitive model more rational some of the alternatives.
3, China and the United America sport tourism content selection difference. Sport tourism content selection tends to use information asymmetry to deceive customers, or the scarcity of resources; American sport tourism content selection more main attention to the destination image, with the purpose of sport tourism land of the impact of the "free-rider" behavior.
4, There is difference on sport tourism research and practical development orientation of China and the America. Chinese sport tourism development focus on resource supply-oriented, tend to the level of "objects" the "weights light" phenomenon is serious; sports tourism development orientation focused to sports tourists demand-oriented, people-oriented, performance satisfaction but light objects.
5, For the differences in the American sport tourism research and practice development, and development of sport tourism, proposed researchers should seize the specialty, pay attention to the comparative study, led the development of sport tourism through research; researchers should enhance self-discipline, to achieve the stance transition from object to the main participants; government should strengthen public service responsibility to learn sports tourism, and change management functions, improve the system of supply, such as the future direction of development and improvement measures.
引文
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