武夷山不同海拔土壤动物对凋落物分解的影响
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摘要
本文选择福建省武夷山国家自然保护区不同海拔高度的4个植被垂直带:中亚热带常绿阔叶林(500m)、针叶林(1200m)、亚高山矮林(1800m)和高山草甸(2100m)为研究样地。采用随机区组设计野外实验,对4个样地中土壤动物群落多样性和土壤指标进行了野外调查和室内测定,并就环境因子沿海拔变化对土壤动物群落结构与动态的影响进行研究,同时,探讨了土壤动物群落沿海拔的变化及其对凋落物分解影响的过程与机理。主要研究结果及其意义如下:
1、沿着海拔高度的上升,总类群数、总密度和群落多样性指数呈显著减少趋势。这一发现将有助于理解土壤动物对山地气候垂直梯度变化的响应。
2、沿着海拔高度的上升,导致了土壤物理、化学和生物学特性显著的演替变化,并对土壤动物群落多样性产生了显著影响,同时,不同动物类群对土壤化学性质有不同的响应特征。这一发现有助于理解环境梯度变化对土壤动物群落的影响。
3、沿着海拔高度的上升,凋落物袋中土壤动物群落多样性及其对凋落物分解的贡献呈显著的减少趋势。并且,土壤动物多样性的变化是影响凋落物分解沿海拔变化的重要调控因子。这一发现有助于理解土壤动物对凋落物分解的调控机理。
Soil fauna, the most active portion in belowground systems, play crucial roles in processes such as nutrient cycling and energy transformation in terrestrial ecosystems. Litter decomposition is an important biological process driven by a range of complex and interacting physical factors, such as climate, substrate, soil organisms, and physical and chemical properties of soils. Little is known about the response of soil biota to globe climate changes, and the possible effects of soil communities on the process of decomposition. Altitudinal gradients often produce climatic effects that would result from latitudinal changes, and so have been used as surrogates for latitudinal gradients. Our study examined the changes of soil faunal diversity under the effects of soil and climate characteristic and its contributions to leaf litter decomposition of a single substrate (Castanopsis carlesii) along an elevation gradient across four types of zonal vegetations in southeastern China: evergreen broadleaf forest (EVB): coniferous forest (COF): dwarf forest (DWF): and alpine meadow (ALM) during April 2007 to 2008.
The major finding and its significance are as following:
1. We examined the structure and makeup of soil fauna along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi mountains. The number, density, and diversity decreased significantly, which supply some data for faunal distribution study in subtropics and aides in understanding of faunal response to altitude changes.
2. We found the positive influences of soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristic on faunal constitution along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi mountains. The result may be helpful to understand the effects of climate, vegetation, and soil on faunal structure and diversity, and the responses of fauna to climate changes.
3. Faunal diversity and its contribution to litter decomposition decreased along the elevation gradients. We suggest that soil faunal diversity and its environment may be important driver in litter decomposition.
1、沿着海拔高度的上升,总类群数、总密度和群落多样性指数呈显著减少趋势。这一发现将有助于理解土壤动物对山地气候垂直梯度变化的响应。
2、沿着海拔高度的上升,导致了土壤物理、化学和生物学特性显著的演替变化,并对土壤动物群落多样性产生了显著影响,同时,不同动物类群对土壤化学性质有不同的响应特征。这一发现有助于理解环境梯度变化对土壤动物群落的影响。
3、沿着海拔高度的上升,凋落物袋中土壤动物群落多样性及其对凋落物分解的贡献呈显著的减少趋势。并且,土壤动物多样性的变化是影响凋落物分解沿海拔变化的重要调控因子。这一发现有助于理解土壤动物对凋落物分解的调控机理。
Soil fauna, the most active portion in belowground systems, play crucial roles in processes such as nutrient cycling and energy transformation in terrestrial ecosystems. Litter decomposition is an important biological process driven by a range of complex and interacting physical factors, such as climate, substrate, soil organisms, and physical and chemical properties of soils. Little is known about the response of soil biota to globe climate changes, and the possible effects of soil communities on the process of decomposition. Altitudinal gradients often produce climatic effects that would result from latitudinal changes, and so have been used as surrogates for latitudinal gradients. Our study examined the changes of soil faunal diversity under the effects of soil and climate characteristic and its contributions to leaf litter decomposition of a single substrate (Castanopsis carlesii) along an elevation gradient across four types of zonal vegetations in southeastern China: evergreen broadleaf forest (EVB): coniferous forest (COF): dwarf forest (DWF): and alpine meadow (ALM) during April 2007 to 2008.
The major finding and its significance are as following:
1. We examined the structure and makeup of soil fauna along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi mountains. The number, density, and diversity decreased significantly, which supply some data for faunal distribution study in subtropics and aides in understanding of faunal response to altitude changes.
2. We found the positive influences of soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristic on faunal constitution along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi mountains. The result may be helpful to understand the effects of climate, vegetation, and soil on faunal structure and diversity, and the responses of fauna to climate changes.
3. Faunal diversity and its contribution to litter decomposition decreased along the elevation gradients. We suggest that soil faunal diversity and its environment may be important driver in litter decomposition.
引文
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