秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜诱变选育短蔓型甘薯新品种短蔓3号
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摘要
诱变育种是甘薯育种的一条重要途径。化学诱变具有使用方便,特异性较强和诱变后代较易稳定等特点。然而,甘薯化学诱变育种理论与技术远远落后于辐射育种的研究,用秋水仙素诱变甘薯染色体非倍性变异尚未见报道,具有重要的理论研究意义和实践意义。本研究以秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜为诱变剂,探讨了对甘薯种子的最佳处理时间和培养温度;突变体的鉴定和选择方法;取得了如下结果:
(1)用0.05%秋水仙素(C22H25O6)和2%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)混合水溶液处理秦薯1号甘薯种子,时间分别为12、24、48和72h,培养温度分别为5℃～6℃、10℃～12℃、15℃～16℃、18℃～20℃和30℃。结果表明,用0.05%秋水仙素和2%DMSO混合水溶液间歇处理甘薯种子24h,培养温度为15～16℃时,可获得良好的诱变效果。对处理后代进行了细胞学观察比较,未发现染色体数目变异,但出现可遗传的短蔓变异,进而选育出高产、高淀粉、高蛋白、高铁、高锌短蔓甘薯新品种短蔓3号。
(2)为突变体的产量因素选择提供理论依据,用秦薯1号自交后代实生苗为试验材料,对甘薯的分枝数(x1)、最长蔓长(x2)、分枝总长(x3)、节间长(x4)、蔓粗(x5)、叶面积(x6)、单株绿叶重(x7)、藤叶重(x8)、单株薯数(x9)、单薯重(x10)、根冠比(x11)、和单株产量(y)12个数量性状进行测定。通过相关分析、逐步回归和通径分析表明,单株绿叶重对产量影响最大,单株薯数和单薯重对单株产量的直接作用较大。高产育种以单株产量为选择目标时,应以单株绿叶重、单株薯数和单薯重的选择为主,结合根冠比、分枝数、叶面积和蔓粗,对这7个性状进行综合考虑和选择。
(3)短蔓3号新品种特征特性:叶片较小,呈三角形,叶片深绿带紫晕,叶柄、叶脉紫红色;短蔓型,蔓长85.9~104cm,节间3cm左右;薯块圆椭圆形,大薯率高,薯皮紫红色,薯肉白色;薯块萌芽性强,出苗早,苗量大,抗旱性好,结薯早而集中;抗茎线虫病,较抗黑斑病;高产优质,比对照卢选1号增产35%以上,淀粉含量26.2%,蛋白质9.46%,综合适应性好。
Induced mutation breeding is one of the important approaches in sweet potato breeding. Chemical mutation has such merits as operating expediently, better specificity and stabilization for the mutants. But, the theory and technology of sweet potato chemical mutation breeding far drop behind those of radiation breeding. It is not reported on inducing sweet potato mutants with colchicine. In this paper, the author had investigated the suitable treatment time and culture temperature of sweet potato seeds; the methods of identification and selection to the mutants induced with colchicine and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). The results were as follows:
(1) In order to obtain the usefull sweet potato mutants, the seeds of cultivar Qinshu No. 1 were intermittently soaked in the mixture solution of 0.05% colchicine and 2% dimethyl sulphoxide for 12, 24, 48 and 72h, respectively. Then, the treated seeds under suitable soaking time were cultured in temperatures of 5℃～6℃, 10℃～12℃, 15℃～16℃, 18℃～20℃and 30℃, respectively. The results showed that the soaking time of 24h and culture temperature of 15～16℃gave the best mutation efficiency. Cytological observation was carried out in the progenies and chromosome number variation was not found. Among short vine mutants, Duanwan No. 3 was selected, which appeared in high yield, high starch content, high protein content and high nutritional elements such as Fe and Zn.
(2) In order to establish selecting strategy for sweet potato induced mutation breeding, the experiments were carried out with the self-mating progenies derived from“Qinshu No. 1”sweet potato and twelve quantitative characters were determined, i.e. the number of vine branches (x1), the longest length of branch (x2), the length of all branches (x3), the internode length (x4), the thickness of branch (x5), the area of leaf (x6), the weight of green leaves per plant (x7), the weight of branches and leaves (x8), the root tuber number per plant (x9), the single tuber weight (x10), T/R valve (x11) and root tuber weight per plant (y). After analyed through correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path coefficient analysis, the results showed that the weight of green leaves per plant greatly influenced root tuber weight per plant, the root tuber number per plant and single root tuber weight were secondly. So, in high yield breeding for sweet potato, it should be considered all the seven traits, not only the weight of green leaves per plant, the root tuber number per plant and single root tuber weight, but also T/R value, the number of vine branches, the area of leaf and the thickness of branch.
(3) The characteristics of the new sweet potato cultivar“Duanwan No. 3”selected and bred are as follows: the small triangle leaf is green with purple. Leafstalk and venation are amaranth. Vine length and internode length are 85.9~104cm and 3cm, respectively. The root tuber is oval, and the big root tuber rate is high. Tuber color is red, and tuber flesh color is white. The tuber possesses early germinating, strong sprouting and high seedling picking amount. The cultivar has good resistance to drought, and tubers come forth early and concentrate. It has good resistance to stem nematode disease and better resistance to black rot disease. Its fresh tuber yield increased 35% than“Luxuan No. 1”, and the contents of starch and protein are 26.2% and 9.46%, respectively.
(1)用0.05%秋水仙素(C22H25O6)和2%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)混合水溶液处理秦薯1号甘薯种子,时间分别为12、24、48和72h,培养温度分别为5℃～6℃、10℃～12℃、15℃～16℃、18℃～20℃和30℃。结果表明,用0.05%秋水仙素和2%DMSO混合水溶液间歇处理甘薯种子24h,培养温度为15～16℃时,可获得良好的诱变效果。对处理后代进行了细胞学观察比较,未发现染色体数目变异,但出现可遗传的短蔓变异,进而选育出高产、高淀粉、高蛋白、高铁、高锌短蔓甘薯新品种短蔓3号。
(2)为突变体的产量因素选择提供理论依据,用秦薯1号自交后代实生苗为试验材料,对甘薯的分枝数(x1)、最长蔓长(x2)、分枝总长(x3)、节间长(x4)、蔓粗(x5)、叶面积(x6)、单株绿叶重(x7)、藤叶重(x8)、单株薯数(x9)、单薯重(x10)、根冠比(x11)、和单株产量(y)12个数量性状进行测定。通过相关分析、逐步回归和通径分析表明,单株绿叶重对产量影响最大,单株薯数和单薯重对单株产量的直接作用较大。高产育种以单株产量为选择目标时,应以单株绿叶重、单株薯数和单薯重的选择为主,结合根冠比、分枝数、叶面积和蔓粗,对这7个性状进行综合考虑和选择。
(3)短蔓3号新品种特征特性:叶片较小,呈三角形,叶片深绿带紫晕,叶柄、叶脉紫红色;短蔓型,蔓长85.9~104cm,节间3cm左右;薯块圆椭圆形,大薯率高,薯皮紫红色,薯肉白色;薯块萌芽性强,出苗早,苗量大,抗旱性好,结薯早而集中;抗茎线虫病,较抗黑斑病;高产优质,比对照卢选1号增产35%以上,淀粉含量26.2%,蛋白质9.46%,综合适应性好。
Induced mutation breeding is one of the important approaches in sweet potato breeding. Chemical mutation has such merits as operating expediently, better specificity and stabilization for the mutants. But, the theory and technology of sweet potato chemical mutation breeding far drop behind those of radiation breeding. It is not reported on inducing sweet potato mutants with colchicine. In this paper, the author had investigated the suitable treatment time and culture temperature of sweet potato seeds; the methods of identification and selection to the mutants induced with colchicine and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). The results were as follows:
(1) In order to obtain the usefull sweet potato mutants, the seeds of cultivar Qinshu No. 1 were intermittently soaked in the mixture solution of 0.05% colchicine and 2% dimethyl sulphoxide for 12, 24, 48 and 72h, respectively. Then, the treated seeds under suitable soaking time were cultured in temperatures of 5℃～6℃, 10℃～12℃, 15℃～16℃, 18℃～20℃and 30℃, respectively. The results showed that the soaking time of 24h and culture temperature of 15～16℃gave the best mutation efficiency. Cytological observation was carried out in the progenies and chromosome number variation was not found. Among short vine mutants, Duanwan No. 3 was selected, which appeared in high yield, high starch content, high protein content and high nutritional elements such as Fe and Zn.
(2) In order to establish selecting strategy for sweet potato induced mutation breeding, the experiments were carried out with the self-mating progenies derived from“Qinshu No. 1”sweet potato and twelve quantitative characters were determined, i.e. the number of vine branches (x1), the longest length of branch (x2), the length of all branches (x3), the internode length (x4), the thickness of branch (x5), the area of leaf (x6), the weight of green leaves per plant (x7), the weight of branches and leaves (x8), the root tuber number per plant (x9), the single tuber weight (x10), T/R valve (x11) and root tuber weight per plant (y). After analyed through correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path coefficient analysis, the results showed that the weight of green leaves per plant greatly influenced root tuber weight per plant, the root tuber number per plant and single root tuber weight were secondly. So, in high yield breeding for sweet potato, it should be considered all the seven traits, not only the weight of green leaves per plant, the root tuber number per plant and single root tuber weight, but also T/R value, the number of vine branches, the area of leaf and the thickness of branch.
(3) The characteristics of the new sweet potato cultivar“Duanwan No. 3”selected and bred are as follows: the small triangle leaf is green with purple. Leafstalk and venation are amaranth. Vine length and internode length are 85.9~104cm and 3cm, respectively. The root tuber is oval, and the big root tuber rate is high. Tuber color is red, and tuber flesh color is white. The tuber possesses early germinating, strong sprouting and high seedling picking amount. The cultivar has good resistance to drought, and tubers come forth early and concentrate. It has good resistance to stem nematode disease and better resistance to black rot disease. Its fresh tuber yield increased 35% than“Luxuan No. 1”, and the contents of starch and protein are 26.2% and 9.46%, respectively.
引文
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