核磁共振岩屑分析技术的实验研究
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摘要
目前，现有的技术无法快速从油田勘探开发过程中收集到的大量钻井岩屑中获得孔隙度、渗透率、可动流体百分数及含油饱和度等重要油层物理参数。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种将核磁共振分析技术应用于现场岩屑油层物理参数分析的方法，研究获得了一套适用于钻井岩屑的核磁共振分析技术。本技术充分发挥了核磁共振分析技术快速、无损测量的特点，实现了油层物理参数的现场快速测量。研究成果对油田勘探与开发均具有重要的应用价值。
在室内实验研究的基础上，本文对核磁共振岩屑分析技术进行了系统的研究，对比分析了核磁共振岩屑分析与室内核磁共振岩心分析的异同，对现场岩屑核磁共振分析的可行性进行了研究；给出了利用核磁共振技术确定岩屑孔隙度、渗透率及可动流体百分数等重要油层物理参数的方法；获得了一套利用核磁共振技术快速测量岩屑含油饱和度的方法；编制了专用于核磁共振岩屑分析的刻度标定及快速测量的两套软件，软件实现了核磁共振岩屑孔隙度、渗透率、可动流体百分数及含油饱和度的刻度定标和日常快速分析等功能。
研究结果表明，核磁共振分析技术具有快速、无接触、与样品外形体积无关的特性，不仅可以应用于规则形状的岩心样品，同样可以较好地应用于不规则的小颗粒样品，如岩屑的分析。对于砂岩，核磁共振岩屑分析可以获得与室内核磁共振岩心分析基本相同的测量结果。采用核磁共振岩屑分析技术不仅可以快速从岩屑中获得孔隙度、渗透率及可动流体百分数等重要油层物理参数，而且还可以实现岩屑含油饱和度的快速测量，这是目前室内核磁共振岩心分析较难做到的。
A lot of cuttings can be produced during the field exploiting and production. But existing techniques can't acquire the key petrophysical parameters such as porosity, permeability, mobile fluid percent and oil saturation etc. from the cuttings. In order to give a solution to this question, NMR cuttings analysis technique and a series of analysis methods are advanced in this paper. The techniques make full use of the fast measurement and non-damage characteristic of NMR analysis and realize the fast measurements of petrophysical parameters on site. The research result has important value to both field exploiting and production.
On the basis of house experiments, this paper investigates the NMR cuttings analysis technique systematically. The comparison of core NMR analysis and cuttings NMR analysis is given. The feasibility of applying the NMR technique to cuttings is studied. The NMR cuttings analysis methods including cuttings porosity, permeability and cuttings mobile fluid percent are given. Two application softwares, the NMR calibration software and the fast NMR core analysis software, are programmed. The two softwares offer the specific calibration and fast measurement function of cuttings petrophysical parameters.
The research results show that NMR technique has the advantage of fast, non-contact and independence of samples size and can be applied to the cuttings analysis. To sandstone, NMR cuttings analysis can get the same results as core analysis. And the NMR cuttings analysis can also realize the fast measurement of oil saturation, which is difficult for the NMR core analysis in the house at present.
在室内实验研究的基础上，本文对核磁共振岩屑分析技术进行了系统的研究，对比分析了核磁共振岩屑分析与室内核磁共振岩心分析的异同，对现场岩屑核磁共振分析的可行性进行了研究；给出了利用核磁共振技术确定岩屑孔隙度、渗透率及可动流体百分数等重要油层物理参数的方法；获得了一套利用核磁共振技术快速测量岩屑含油饱和度的方法；编制了专用于核磁共振岩屑分析的刻度标定及快速测量的两套软件，软件实现了核磁共振岩屑孔隙度、渗透率、可动流体百分数及含油饱和度的刻度定标和日常快速分析等功能。
研究结果表明，核磁共振分析技术具有快速、无接触、与样品外形体积无关的特性，不仅可以应用于规则形状的岩心样品，同样可以较好地应用于不规则的小颗粒样品，如岩屑的分析。对于砂岩，核磁共振岩屑分析可以获得与室内核磁共振岩心分析基本相同的测量结果。采用核磁共振岩屑分析技术不仅可以快速从岩屑中获得孔隙度、渗透率及可动流体百分数等重要油层物理参数，而且还可以实现岩屑含油饱和度的快速测量，这是目前室内核磁共振岩心分析较难做到的。
A lot of cuttings can be produced during the field exploiting and production. But existing techniques can't acquire the key petrophysical parameters such as porosity, permeability, mobile fluid percent and oil saturation etc. from the cuttings. In order to give a solution to this question, NMR cuttings analysis technique and a series of analysis methods are advanced in this paper. The techniques make full use of the fast measurement and non-damage characteristic of NMR analysis and realize the fast measurements of petrophysical parameters on site. The research result has important value to both field exploiting and production.
On the basis of house experiments, this paper investigates the NMR cuttings analysis technique systematically. The comparison of core NMR analysis and cuttings NMR analysis is given. The feasibility of applying the NMR technique to cuttings is studied. The NMR cuttings analysis methods including cuttings porosity, permeability and cuttings mobile fluid percent are given. Two application softwares, the NMR calibration software and the fast NMR core analysis software, are programmed. The two softwares offer the specific calibration and fast measurement function of cuttings petrophysical parameters.
The research results show that NMR technique has the advantage of fast, non-contact and independence of samples size and can be applied to the cuttings analysis. To sandstone, NMR cuttings analysis can get the same results as core analysis. And the NMR cuttings analysis can also realize the fast measurement of oil saturation, which is difficult for the NMR core analysis in the house at present.
引文
[1]．郭学增，录井学科在勘探事业中的地位，录井技术，1998，第9卷，第4期，第1-3页。
[2]．王佑宁，录井技术发展现状与展望，录井技术，1998，第9卷，第1期，第1-5页。
[3]．耿子友，国外综合录井技术近况及发展方向，石油仪器，1993，第7卷，第4期，第187-189页。
[4]．大港油田科技丛书编委会，录井技术，石油工业出版社，1999。
[5]. Brown, R.J.S. and Fatt, I. Measurement of fractional wettability of oil fields' rocks by the nuclear magnetic relaxation method, SPE-743-G; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1956, Texas.
[6]. Brown, R., Protonrelaxation in crude oil, Nature, 1961,189.
[7]. Seevers, D.O. A nuclear magnetic method for determining the permeability of sandstones, Paper Presented at Annual Logging Symposium Transactions: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, 1966.
[8]. Timur, A. An Investigation of permeability, porosity and residual water saturation relationships, Paper Presented at Annual Logging Symposium Transactions: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, 1968.
[9]. Timur, A. Producible porosity and permeability of sandstone investigated through nuclear magnetic resonance principles, The Log Analyst, January-February, 1969, p.3-11.
[10]. Timur, A. Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance studies of porosity, moveable fluid, and permeability of sandstones: Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1969, V. 21, p. 775-786.
[11]．高守双，核磁共振测井，测井技术，1983，第5期。
[12]．高守双，国外核磁测井简介，1986，国外测井技术水平调研专辑。
[13]．肖立志，杜有如，叶朝辉，岩石的核磁共振自旋密度微成像，物理化学学报，1995，第六期。
[14]．肖立志，核磁共振成象测井，测井技术，1995，第4期。
[15]. Wang Weimin, et al., NMR imaging of introvoxel incoherent motion in porous media, The International 5TH Beijing Conference and Exhibition on Instrument Analysis, Oct. 9-12, 1993, pp.E119-121.
[16]. Wang Weimin et al., The NMR semi-quantitative determination of Polymer retained in sealing drilled core, The Third International Meeting on Recent Advances in MR Applications to Porous media, Belgium., 1995.
[17]. Wang Weimin et al., The Application of NMR Imaging to the Studies of Enhanced Oil Recovery in China, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 1996, Vol. 14, Nos. 7/8.
[18]．王为民，用核磁共振成像技术研究聚合物驱油机理，石油学报，1997年，第4期。
[19]．王为民等，核磁共振岩性测试系统研制报告，渗流所，1997。
[20]. Wang Weimin et al. Using NMR Technology to Determine the Movable Fluid Index of Rock Matrix in Xiaoguai Oilfield, Sixth International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition, SPE-50903,1998.
[21]．王为民，核磁共振测井基础实验研究，测井技术，1997，第6期。
[22]．王为民，“核磁共振测井理论与应用”，石油工业出版社，1998，P18-43。
[23]．冯义濂，“核磁共振成像专题课讲义”，北京大学。
[24]．裘祖文、裴奉奎，“核磁共振波谱”，科学出版社，1992。
[25]．肖立志，“核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用”，科学出版社，1998。
[26]. Georoge R. Coates, Lizhi Xiao, and Manfred G. Prammer, "NMR Logging Principles & Application", Halliburton Energy Services Publiccation H02308, 1999.
[27]. Phillips D.L. A Technique for the Numerical Solution of Certain Integral Equations of the First Kind, J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 9, 84(1962).
[28]. Twomey S. On the Numerical Solution of Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind by the Inversion of the Linear System Produced by Quadrature. J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 10,97(1963).
[29]. Grace Wahba. Practical Approximate Solutions to Linear Operator Equations when the Data are Noisy, Siam J. Numer. Anal. Vol. 14, No. 4 Sept. 1977, Page 651-667.
[30]. Stefan Menger and Manfred Prammer. Can NMR Porosity Replace Conventional Porosity in Formation Evaluation? SPWLA 39th Annual Logging Symposium, May 26-29, 1998.
[31]．王为民，《核磁共振岩石物理研究及其在石油工业中的应用》，中科院武汉物理与数学研究所博士研究生论文，2001。
[32]. Prammer M G, Drack E D, Button J C, Gardner J S, Coates G R, Chandler R N and Miller M N, Measurements of clay-bound water and total bporosity by magnetic resonance logging, The Log Analyst, 1996, Vol. 37, P61-69.
[33]．任义宽，高连云等，岩心常规分析方法，石油工业出版社，1998。
[34]．刘宗环，确定饱和度的各种方法，油气田勘探开发科技情报，1991，第期，第50-52页。
[35]．吴龙斌，气相色谱分析理论与应用，录井技术，1997，第8卷，第4期，第47-52页。
[36]，胡斌，定量荧光录井技术及其应用，古潜山，1999，第4期，第50-52页。
[37]．王吉茂，王晓平，储集岩热解录井新技术及其应用，古潜山，1994，第4期，第63-71页。
[2]．王佑宁，录井技术发展现状与展望，录井技术，1998，第9卷，第1期，第1-5页。
[3]．耿子友，国外综合录井技术近况及发展方向，石油仪器，1993，第7卷，第4期，第187-189页。
[4]．大港油田科技丛书编委会，录井技术，石油工业出版社，1999。
[5]. Brown, R.J.S. and Fatt, I. Measurement of fractional wettability of oil fields' rocks by the nuclear magnetic relaxation method, SPE-743-G; Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1956, Texas.
[6]. Brown, R., Protonrelaxation in crude oil, Nature, 1961,189.
[7]. Seevers, D.O. A nuclear magnetic method for determining the permeability of sandstones, Paper Presented at Annual Logging Symposium Transactions: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, 1966.
[8]. Timur, A. An Investigation of permeability, porosity and residual water saturation relationships, Paper Presented at Annual Logging Symposium Transactions: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, 1968.
[9]. Timur, A. Producible porosity and permeability of sandstone investigated through nuclear magnetic resonance principles, The Log Analyst, January-February, 1969, p.3-11.
[10]. Timur, A. Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance studies of porosity, moveable fluid, and permeability of sandstones: Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1969, V. 21, p. 775-786.
[11]．高守双，核磁共振测井，测井技术，1983，第5期。
[12]．高守双，国外核磁测井简介，1986，国外测井技术水平调研专辑。
[13]．肖立志，杜有如，叶朝辉，岩石的核磁共振自旋密度微成像，物理化学学报，1995，第六期。
[14]．肖立志，核磁共振成象测井，测井技术，1995，第4期。
[15]. Wang Weimin, et al., NMR imaging of introvoxel incoherent motion in porous media, The International 5TH Beijing Conference and Exhibition on Instrument Analysis, Oct. 9-12, 1993, pp.E119-121.
[16]. Wang Weimin et al., The NMR semi-quantitative determination of Polymer retained in sealing drilled core, The Third International Meeting on Recent Advances in MR Applications to Porous media, Belgium., 1995.
[17]. Wang Weimin et al., The Application of NMR Imaging to the Studies of Enhanced Oil Recovery in China, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 1996, Vol. 14, Nos. 7/8.
[18]．王为民，用核磁共振成像技术研究聚合物驱油机理，石油学报，1997年，第4期。
[19]．王为民等，核磁共振岩性测试系统研制报告，渗流所，1997。
[20]. Wang Weimin et al. Using NMR Technology to Determine the Movable Fluid Index of Rock Matrix in Xiaoguai Oilfield, Sixth International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition, SPE-50903,1998.
[21]．王为民，核磁共振测井基础实验研究，测井技术，1997，第6期。
[22]．王为民，“核磁共振测井理论与应用”，石油工业出版社，1998，P18-43。
[23]．冯义濂，“核磁共振成像专题课讲义”，北京大学。
[24]．裘祖文、裴奉奎，“核磁共振波谱”，科学出版社，1992。
[25]．肖立志，“核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用”，科学出版社，1998。
[26]. Georoge R. Coates, Lizhi Xiao, and Manfred G. Prammer, "NMR Logging Principles & Application", Halliburton Energy Services Publiccation H02308, 1999.
[27]. Phillips D.L. A Technique for the Numerical Solution of Certain Integral Equations of the First Kind, J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 9, 84(1962).
[28]. Twomey S. On the Numerical Solution of Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind by the Inversion of the Linear System Produced by Quadrature. J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 10,97(1963).
[29]. Grace Wahba. Practical Approximate Solutions to Linear Operator Equations when the Data are Noisy, Siam J. Numer. Anal. Vol. 14, No. 4 Sept. 1977, Page 651-667.
[30]. Stefan Menger and Manfred Prammer. Can NMR Porosity Replace Conventional Porosity in Formation Evaluation? SPWLA 39th Annual Logging Symposium, May 26-29, 1998.
[31]．王为民，《核磁共振岩石物理研究及其在石油工业中的应用》，中科院武汉物理与数学研究所博士研究生论文，2001。
[32]. Prammer M G, Drack E D, Button J C, Gardner J S, Coates G R, Chandler R N and Miller M N, Measurements of clay-bound water and total bporosity by magnetic resonance logging, The Log Analyst, 1996, Vol. 37, P61-69.
[33]．任义宽，高连云等，岩心常规分析方法，石油工业出版社，1998。
[34]．刘宗环，确定饱和度的各种方法，油气田勘探开发科技情报，1991，第期，第50-52页。
[35]．吴龙斌，气相色谱分析理论与应用，录井技术，1997，第8卷，第4期，第47-52页。
[36]，胡斌，定量荧光录井技术及其应用，古潜山，1999，第4期，第50-52页。
[37]．王吉茂，王晓平，储集岩热解录井新技术及其应用，古潜山，1994，第4期，第63-71页。
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