利用优质亚基定向改良杂交小麦强优势组合品质的研究
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摘要
为了定向改良超高产强优势杂交小麦组合的品质性状,并以此建拓出一种组配和选育超高产强筋杂交小麦组合新途径。本研究利用生化标记辅助选择与温室加代回交育种相结合等方法,在短时间内将优质高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)14+15与5+10的基因分别定向导入和聚合到高产杂交小麦品种西杂一号、西杂五号的亲本Fp1、Mp1、Fp2、Mp2,用含有目标亚基的杂交小麦亲本纯系组配杂交组合,得到含有14+15、5+10和14+15+5+10的西杂一号、西杂五号,在保持原品种高产性状的同时提高了杂交小麦HMW-GS组成品质评分及其相关性状的品质效应,以实现杂交小麦既高产又优质的目的。
试验获得如下重要成果:
(1)建立了杂交小麦品质定向改良技术体系,并获得了导入单个优质亚基14+15、5+10及其聚合两个优质亚基的亲本种质材料。SDS-PAGE鉴定方法的改进,不仅充分利用了时间、有效节省了费用,而且提高了其鉴定效果;加代室管理技术的变动,在一定程度上缩短了加代的时间。目标优质亚基的导入与聚合有效提高了西杂一号、西杂五号及其亲本的品质评分。
(2)目标优质亚基品质效应:HMW-GS14+15的导入对Mp1、Fp2、Mp2的微量SDS-沉淀值改良作用显著,Mp2达到极显著水平,其余达到显著水平,其效果大小:Mp2>Fp2>Mp1;对Mp1、Mp2的SIG值改良有效,分别达到显著和极显著水平,其中Mp2>Mp1;对Mp1、Fp2的蛋白质含量有所提高,但未达到显著水平,改良效果大小:Mp1>Fp2。
优质HMW-GS5+10的导入对Fp1、Mp1、Mp2的微量SDS-沉淀值改良效果显著,Mp2差异极显著,Mp1、Fp1显著,其效果大小:Mp2>Mp1>Fp1;对Mp1、Mp2的SIG值改良效果较好,Mp1差异显著,Mp2差异极显著,Mp2>Mp1;对Fp2、Mp2的蛋白质含量改良效果大小:Fp2>Mp2,前者差异显著。优质HMW-GS14+15、5+10的聚合对Mp1、Mp2的微量SDS-沉淀值、SIG值有明显改良作用,其中Mp1的SIG值差异显著,其余都达到极显著,效果大小一致为:Mp2>Mp1;对Mp1、Fp2的蛋白质含量改良显著,效果大小:Fp2>Mp1。
(3)不同优质亚基的贡献,因所研究的材料和品质性状不同而异;导入与聚合目标亚基的进程和难易程度影响亚基的品质效应;优质亚基的聚合并不是单个亚基品质效应的简单相加,基因间存在复杂的相互作用。多数情况下,聚合两种亚基的品质效应好于导入单个优质亚基。
(4)在Glu-A1位点,等位亚基对品质的效应为:1>null。
(5)不同的回交世代品质效应分析表明:在不同的遗传背景下,品质最高效应表现在不同的回交世代;同一遗传背景下,不同品质指标出现最高值的回交世代也不一致。从总体上看,随着回交世代的增加,微量SDS-沉淀值、SIG值逐渐趋于保持一定水平,而蛋白质含量在降低。
(6)对导入和聚合优质亚基前后的研究材料进行品质指标测定和比较,5+10亚基的导入可从一定程度上有效改良西杂五号的品质性状;
(7)品质指标间的相关性分析表明:微量SDS-沉淀值与SIG值高度相关,r=0.8963;微量SDS-沉淀值与蛋白质含量、SIG值与蛋白质含量之间的相关性较小。
(8)不同的生长条件可对小麦的品质造成很大的影响,温室条件下生长的小麦品质明显高于大田种植的同一小麦品种,并且人工温室种植对不同的品质指标值的提高程度:微量SDS-沉淀值>SIG值>蛋白质含量;杂交小麦进行杂交的条件不同对杂交小麦的品质也有一定的影响。
(9)杂交小麦及其亲本幼胚培养研究结果:最适宜的胚龄为16d;最适宜的NAA浓度为0.13mg/L;杂交小麦幼胚出苗率明显高于自交小麦幼胚,自交小麦品种中Fp2培养成苗效果较佳。
(10)1Bx14和1Dx5亚基特异性PCR扩增研究结果表明:所选用引物可以作为1Bx14和1Dx5基因的特异引物,且筛选出的各自适合的反应体系和反应条件是可行的。完全可与小麦的幼胚培养相配套应用于加速杂交小麦品质性状的改良上。
In order to oriented quality improvement in the hybrid wheat with strong heterosis and super high yield, a new technical system was established, which can be used effectively to breed the hybrid wheat with not only high yield but also strong gluten. High molecular weight glutenin subunits 14+15 and 5+10 with good quality properties were introduced into the parents of super high-yielding hybrid wheat cultivar XZ1 and XZ5 in short time through biochemical marker assisted selection and greenhouse backcrossing, and the improved hybrid with 5+10、14+15、5+10+14+15 was obtained by crossing between the parents with the good HMW–GS introduced. The results indicated that hybrid wheat quality score was distinctly enhanced, quality related characters were improved while maintaining the original high yield, and the new hybrid wheat with both high yield and good quality was developed.
The important achievement were as follows:
(1)It was established that technique system of hybridization wheat quality.And gain the hybrid wheat parents with 14+15, 5+10 and 14+15+5+10.The improvement of SDS-PAGE not only used the time fully and saved the expense effectively, but also enhanced its appraisal effect.The change of management technology in the greenhouse reduced to the time of a generation at a certain extent. Introduce and polymerization of good HMW-GS effectively enhanced quality score of XZ1,XZ5 and its parents.
(2)The quality effect of good HMW-GS: It is remarkable that improvement function of introduce of 14+15 to micro SDS-precipitation value of Mp1,Fp2,Mp2. Mp2 achieves the extremely remarkable level. Other achieve the remarkable level. Its effect: Mp2>Fp2>Mp1. The improvement is effective to SIG value of Mp1 and Mp2, Its achieves remarkable and the extremely remarkable level respectively, Mp2>Mp1. Protein content has the enhancement of Mp1 and Fp2, but has not achieved the remarkable level,Mp2>Fp2>Mp1.
It is remarkable that improvement function of introduce of 5+10 to micro SDS-precipitation value of Fp1,Mp1,Mp2. Mp2 achieves the extremely remarkable level. Mp1 and Fp1 achieve the remarkable level. Its effect: Mp2>Mp1>Fp1. The improvement is effective to SIG value of Mp1 and Mp2, Its achieves remarkable and the extremely remarkable level respectively, Mp2>Mp1. Protein content has the enhancement of Fp2 and Mp2.The former achieves remarkable level, Fp2>Mp2
It is remarkable that improvement function of introduce and polymerization of good HMW-GS to micro SDS-precipitation value and SIG value of Mp1,Mp2. The SIG value of Mp1 achieves the extremely remarkable level. Other achieve the extremely remarkable level, Mp2>Mp1. Protein content improvement is remarkable of Mp1 and Fp2, Fp2>Mp1.
(3)The contribution of high quality subunits is changes along with the material and quality character change; Quality is affected by introduce advancement and difficulty degree of good subunits.The quality effects of good HMW-GS polymerization is not single subunits’sum, but is affected by complex mutual function between genes.In the most situations, quality effect of together subunits is better than single one.
(4)In Glu-A1,quality effect of subnits:1>N.
(5)The quality effects of different backcross generation were analysis.The results were list as follows:The most highly effective of same quality characters were display in the different backcross generation in the different cultivars;The most highly effective of different quality characters were appears in the different backcross generation in the same cultivars.Generally speaking,the micro-SDS sedimentation value and the swelling index of glutenin (SIG) value tend to gradually maintenance certain level,but the protein content is reducing, along with the backcross generation's increase.
(6)The quality effects of hybrid wheat and its parents before and after introduced and pyramid multiple good HMW-GS were determined and comparison.The result is as follows: HMW-GS 5+10 improved XZ5 quality character at a certain degree;
(7)The quality characters relevant analysis indicated: SIG value has correlated significantly with micro-SDS sedimentation value.The coeficient of variation of SIG value and micro-SDS sedimentation value is 0.8963; Micro-SDS sedimentation value and SIG value have low relevance with protein content.
(8)The growth condition have influence to wheat quality, the wheat quality growed in the greenhouse were higher than growed in the field; The enhances degree of greenhouse planter to quality: Micro SDS- precipitation value >SIG value > protein content.Hybrid wheat quality was affected by crossing conditions.
(9)The study results of tissue culture from immature embryos of hybrid wheat and its parents were as follow: the optimum age of immature embryos for its tissue culture was 16d;The optimum concentration of NAA was 0.130mg/L;The rate of germination of hybrid wheat embryo significantly higher than that of self-wheat embryo;In self-wheat varieties,Fp2 results better cultured seedlings.
(10)The PCR findings 1Bx14 and 1Dx5 were list as follow: The primer is feasible, and optimal PCR reaction system and conditions is established.The PCR of 1Bx14 and 1Dx5 can application in the acceleration hybrid wheat quality character improvement with tissue culture from immature embryos of hybrid wheat.
试验获得如下重要成果:
(1)建立了杂交小麦品质定向改良技术体系,并获得了导入单个优质亚基14+15、5+10及其聚合两个优质亚基的亲本种质材料。SDS-PAGE鉴定方法的改进,不仅充分利用了时间、有效节省了费用,而且提高了其鉴定效果;加代室管理技术的变动,在一定程度上缩短了加代的时间。目标优质亚基的导入与聚合有效提高了西杂一号、西杂五号及其亲本的品质评分。
(2)目标优质亚基品质效应:HMW-GS14+15的导入对Mp1、Fp2、Mp2的微量SDS-沉淀值改良作用显著,Mp2达到极显著水平,其余达到显著水平,其效果大小:Mp2>Fp2>Mp1;对Mp1、Mp2的SIG值改良有效,分别达到显著和极显著水平,其中Mp2>Mp1;对Mp1、Fp2的蛋白质含量有所提高,但未达到显著水平,改良效果大小:Mp1>Fp2。
优质HMW-GS5+10的导入对Fp1、Mp1、Mp2的微量SDS-沉淀值改良效果显著,Mp2差异极显著,Mp1、Fp1显著,其效果大小:Mp2>Mp1>Fp1;对Mp1、Mp2的SIG值改良效果较好,Mp1差异显著,Mp2差异极显著,Mp2>Mp1;对Fp2、Mp2的蛋白质含量改良效果大小:Fp2>Mp2,前者差异显著。优质HMW-GS14+15、5+10的聚合对Mp1、Mp2的微量SDS-沉淀值、SIG值有明显改良作用,其中Mp1的SIG值差异显著,其余都达到极显著,效果大小一致为:Mp2>Mp1;对Mp1、Fp2的蛋白质含量改良显著,效果大小:Fp2>Mp1。
(3)不同优质亚基的贡献,因所研究的材料和品质性状不同而异;导入与聚合目标亚基的进程和难易程度影响亚基的品质效应;优质亚基的聚合并不是单个亚基品质效应的简单相加,基因间存在复杂的相互作用。多数情况下,聚合两种亚基的品质效应好于导入单个优质亚基。
(4)在Glu-A1位点,等位亚基对品质的效应为:1>null。
(5)不同的回交世代品质效应分析表明:在不同的遗传背景下,品质最高效应表现在不同的回交世代;同一遗传背景下,不同品质指标出现最高值的回交世代也不一致。从总体上看,随着回交世代的增加,微量SDS-沉淀值、SIG值逐渐趋于保持一定水平,而蛋白质含量在降低。
(6)对导入和聚合优质亚基前后的研究材料进行品质指标测定和比较,5+10亚基的导入可从一定程度上有效改良西杂五号的品质性状;
(7)品质指标间的相关性分析表明:微量SDS-沉淀值与SIG值高度相关,r=0.8963;微量SDS-沉淀值与蛋白质含量、SIG值与蛋白质含量之间的相关性较小。
(8)不同的生长条件可对小麦的品质造成很大的影响,温室条件下生长的小麦品质明显高于大田种植的同一小麦品种,并且人工温室种植对不同的品质指标值的提高程度:微量SDS-沉淀值>SIG值>蛋白质含量;杂交小麦进行杂交的条件不同对杂交小麦的品质也有一定的影响。
(9)杂交小麦及其亲本幼胚培养研究结果:最适宜的胚龄为16d;最适宜的NAA浓度为0.13mg/L;杂交小麦幼胚出苗率明显高于自交小麦幼胚,自交小麦品种中Fp2培养成苗效果较佳。
(10)1Bx14和1Dx5亚基特异性PCR扩增研究结果表明:所选用引物可以作为1Bx14和1Dx5基因的特异引物,且筛选出的各自适合的反应体系和反应条件是可行的。完全可与小麦的幼胚培养相配套应用于加速杂交小麦品质性状的改良上。
In order to oriented quality improvement in the hybrid wheat with strong heterosis and super high yield, a new technical system was established, which can be used effectively to breed the hybrid wheat with not only high yield but also strong gluten. High molecular weight glutenin subunits 14+15 and 5+10 with good quality properties were introduced into the parents of super high-yielding hybrid wheat cultivar XZ1 and XZ5 in short time through biochemical marker assisted selection and greenhouse backcrossing, and the improved hybrid with 5+10、14+15、5+10+14+15 was obtained by crossing between the parents with the good HMW–GS introduced. The results indicated that hybrid wheat quality score was distinctly enhanced, quality related characters were improved while maintaining the original high yield, and the new hybrid wheat with both high yield and good quality was developed.
The important achievement were as follows:
(1)It was established that technique system of hybridization wheat quality.And gain the hybrid wheat parents with 14+15, 5+10 and 14+15+5+10.The improvement of SDS-PAGE not only used the time fully and saved the expense effectively, but also enhanced its appraisal effect.The change of management technology in the greenhouse reduced to the time of a generation at a certain extent. Introduce and polymerization of good HMW-GS effectively enhanced quality score of XZ1,XZ5 and its parents.
(2)The quality effect of good HMW-GS: It is remarkable that improvement function of introduce of 14+15 to micro SDS-precipitation value of Mp1,Fp2,Mp2. Mp2 achieves the extremely remarkable level. Other achieve the remarkable level. Its effect: Mp2>Fp2>Mp1. The improvement is effective to SIG value of Mp1 and Mp2, Its achieves remarkable and the extremely remarkable level respectively, Mp2>Mp1. Protein content has the enhancement of Mp1 and Fp2, but has not achieved the remarkable level,Mp2>Fp2>Mp1.
It is remarkable that improvement function of introduce of 5+10 to micro SDS-precipitation value of Fp1,Mp1,Mp2. Mp2 achieves the extremely remarkable level. Mp1 and Fp1 achieve the remarkable level. Its effect: Mp2>Mp1>Fp1. The improvement is effective to SIG value of Mp1 and Mp2, Its achieves remarkable and the extremely remarkable level respectively, Mp2>Mp1. Protein content has the enhancement of Fp2 and Mp2.The former achieves remarkable level, Fp2>Mp2
It is remarkable that improvement function of introduce and polymerization of good HMW-GS to micro SDS-precipitation value and SIG value of Mp1,Mp2. The SIG value of Mp1 achieves the extremely remarkable level. Other achieve the extremely remarkable level, Mp2>Mp1. Protein content improvement is remarkable of Mp1 and Fp2, Fp2>Mp1.
(3)The contribution of high quality subunits is changes along with the material and quality character change; Quality is affected by introduce advancement and difficulty degree of good subunits.The quality effects of good HMW-GS polymerization is not single subunits’sum, but is affected by complex mutual function between genes.In the most situations, quality effect of together subunits is better than single one.
(4)In Glu-A1,quality effect of subnits:1>N.
(5)The quality effects of different backcross generation were analysis.The results were list as follows:The most highly effective of same quality characters were display in the different backcross generation in the different cultivars;The most highly effective of different quality characters were appears in the different backcross generation in the same cultivars.Generally speaking,the micro-SDS sedimentation value and the swelling index of glutenin (SIG) value tend to gradually maintenance certain level,but the protein content is reducing, along with the backcross generation's increase.
(6)The quality effects of hybrid wheat and its parents before and after introduced and pyramid multiple good HMW-GS were determined and comparison.The result is as follows: HMW-GS 5+10 improved XZ5 quality character at a certain degree;
(7)The quality characters relevant analysis indicated: SIG value has correlated significantly with micro-SDS sedimentation value.The coeficient of variation of SIG value and micro-SDS sedimentation value is 0.8963; Micro-SDS sedimentation value and SIG value have low relevance with protein content.
(8)The growth condition have influence to wheat quality, the wheat quality growed in the greenhouse were higher than growed in the field; The enhances degree of greenhouse planter to quality: Micro SDS- precipitation value >SIG value > protein content.Hybrid wheat quality was affected by crossing conditions.
(9)The study results of tissue culture from immature embryos of hybrid wheat and its parents were as follow: the optimum age of immature embryos for its tissue culture was 16d;The optimum concentration of NAA was 0.130mg/L;The rate of germination of hybrid wheat embryo significantly higher than that of self-wheat embryo;In self-wheat varieties,Fp2 results better cultured seedlings.
(10)The PCR findings 1Bx14 and 1Dx5 were list as follow: The primer is feasible, and optimal PCR reaction system and conditions is established.The PCR of 1Bx14 and 1Dx5 can application in the acceleration hybrid wheat quality character improvement with tissue culture from immature embryos of hybrid wheat.
引文
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