交直流线路混合电场计算与测试研究
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摘要
我国经济发达地区输电线路走廊紧张,城市区域同塔架设多回线路以提高输送容量,为满足走廊选择和大幅增容等现实需求,采取交直流混合架设线路是一种可行的选择方案。论文针对高压交直流输电线路混合电场的计算模型、分布特性、测量系统和评价方法进行了系统的研究,研究成果可用于指导交直流混合线路的设计、环境评价工作。
首先根据电磁场理论、输电线路工频电场及直流合成电场的计算模型和缩尺模型定性研究,给出了混合架设线路的计算解析模型。并编程实现了解析模型,模型计算结果与现场测试结果较为一致。研究了导线对地高度、导线间距、子导线半径、导线排列方式和交流双回相序排列方式对混合电场分布的影响。为降低线路下方混合电场场强,推荐线路设计将交流回路布置在下层的结构方式。
随后分析了工频电场、合成电场测试仪工作原理、物理结构,在此基础上提出了在直流合成电场测量系统基础上,增加工频电场测量传感功能,实现对混合电场的同时测量,并设计混合电场测量系统；根据测量方法和工频电场特性,提出在地面测试混合电场的测量方法。根据混合电场测试仪的性质,提出了利用现有工频和合成电场校准装置校准混合电场测试仪,并指出工频校准时的差异。研制校准了样机,并在交直流跨越处进行了测量验证。
最后分析了交流和直流限制的制定原则,根据两种电场对人体生态效应的影响机理,提出混合场评价应依据线路下方人体感受试验,即线路下方存在电场不应干扰人类正常生理和心理活动、不会产生明显的刺痛感、麻电感。通过模型和理论分析,提出合理的混合电场的椭圆控制评价标准,即可有效控制工程造价,又可安全控制混合电场大小。建议在地面测试混合电场并按照椭圆控制来评价混合电场。
The corridors in developed areas are difficult to choose and design, the multi-circuits on the same pylon lines are used to increase the capacities in the urban. The transmission lines with both AC and DC on the same pylon, named hybrid AC/DC lines, is a practicable way to meet both the selection of the corridors and improving of the capacity. The paper studies systematically the hybrid electric field from high voltage AC/DC lines on the same pylon by its calculation model, profiles, measuring instruments and assessment. The results from those studies shall be used in the design and environmental assessment in the AC/DC hybrid lines.
The analytical calculation models of the hybrid electric field is produced, based on the electromagnetic theory, the models of power frequency electric field(PFEF) and the DC total field, and the scaled test model. These model is programmed, the result of the model is similar to the measurement result in the over-cross area. The effects to the field from the height to the ground, conductor spacing, radii of the sub-conductors, configurations, and the phase order of the AC double circuits are discussed. The configuration of AC line(s) under DC is recommended in the transmission lines design to minimize the hybrid field near the lines.
Then, the theories of the measuring instruments of the PFEF and DC total fields are deliberated, the sensing element of the power frequency field is attached to the measuring instrument of DC total field, which makes the instrument measure the power frequency and DC total fields(hybrid field) simultaneously, and the instrument is designed by this method. The measuring method for hybrid field on the very ground is produced based on the methods of the two fields and the character of the PFEF. This instrument can be calibrated with existing devices used to calibrate the power frequency and DC apparatus by the reason of the hybrid field, and the discrepancy with the PFEF is the height of the instrument in the device, which is stated in the paper. A prototype is accomplished and calibrated, and verified by measuring the hybrid field near the crossover of AC and DC lines.
The paper gives the principles of making limits for the PFEF and DC total field in the end, according to the human body ecological effects of the two fields, the paper realizes that the body feeling tests under the lines is the basis of the assess criteria for hybrid field. That means the field near the lines should not disturb the normal physiological and psychological activities and should not make people there pricking and sense of discharge to other objects. By doing those, the elliptical control limits is proposed to be the reasonable criteria for the hybrid field, which may control the field and the investment of the lines. Measuring point locates on the very ground and elliptical control limit are recommended to be used to assess the hybrid field near the AC/DC lines.
首先根据电磁场理论、输电线路工频电场及直流合成电场的计算模型和缩尺模型定性研究,给出了混合架设线路的计算解析模型。并编程实现了解析模型,模型计算结果与现场测试结果较为一致。研究了导线对地高度、导线间距、子导线半径、导线排列方式和交流双回相序排列方式对混合电场分布的影响。为降低线路下方混合电场场强,推荐线路设计将交流回路布置在下层的结构方式。
随后分析了工频电场、合成电场测试仪工作原理、物理结构,在此基础上提出了在直流合成电场测量系统基础上,增加工频电场测量传感功能,实现对混合电场的同时测量,并设计混合电场测量系统；根据测量方法和工频电场特性,提出在地面测试混合电场的测量方法。根据混合电场测试仪的性质,提出了利用现有工频和合成电场校准装置校准混合电场测试仪,并指出工频校准时的差异。研制校准了样机,并在交直流跨越处进行了测量验证。
最后分析了交流和直流限制的制定原则,根据两种电场对人体生态效应的影响机理,提出混合场评价应依据线路下方人体感受试验,即线路下方存在电场不应干扰人类正常生理和心理活动、不会产生明显的刺痛感、麻电感。通过模型和理论分析,提出合理的混合电场的椭圆控制评价标准,即可有效控制工程造价,又可安全控制混合电场大小。建议在地面测试混合电场并按照椭圆控制来评价混合电场。
The corridors in developed areas are difficult to choose and design, the multi-circuits on the same pylon lines are used to increase the capacities in the urban. The transmission lines with both AC and DC on the same pylon, named hybrid AC/DC lines, is a practicable way to meet both the selection of the corridors and improving of the capacity. The paper studies systematically the hybrid electric field from high voltage AC/DC lines on the same pylon by its calculation model, profiles, measuring instruments and assessment. The results from those studies shall be used in the design and environmental assessment in the AC/DC hybrid lines.
The analytical calculation models of the hybrid electric field is produced, based on the electromagnetic theory, the models of power frequency electric field(PFEF) and the DC total field, and the scaled test model. These model is programmed, the result of the model is similar to the measurement result in the over-cross area. The effects to the field from the height to the ground, conductor spacing, radii of the sub-conductors, configurations, and the phase order of the AC double circuits are discussed. The configuration of AC line(s) under DC is recommended in the transmission lines design to minimize the hybrid field near the lines.
Then, the theories of the measuring instruments of the PFEF and DC total fields are deliberated, the sensing element of the power frequency field is attached to the measuring instrument of DC total field, which makes the instrument measure the power frequency and DC total fields(hybrid field) simultaneously, and the instrument is designed by this method. The measuring method for hybrid field on the very ground is produced based on the methods of the two fields and the character of the PFEF. This instrument can be calibrated with existing devices used to calibrate the power frequency and DC apparatus by the reason of the hybrid field, and the discrepancy with the PFEF is the height of the instrument in the device, which is stated in the paper. A prototype is accomplished and calibrated, and verified by measuring the hybrid field near the crossover of AC and DC lines.
The paper gives the principles of making limits for the PFEF and DC total field in the end, according to the human body ecological effects of the two fields, the paper realizes that the body feeling tests under the lines is the basis of the assess criteria for hybrid field. That means the field near the lines should not disturb the normal physiological and psychological activities and should not make people there pricking and sense of discharge to other objects. By doing those, the elliptical control limits is proposed to be the reasonable criteria for the hybrid field, which may control the field and the investment of the lines. Measuring point locates on the very ground and elliptical control limit are recommended to be used to assess the hybrid field near the AC/DC lines.
引文
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