并列结构混合励磁同步发电机的研究
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摘要
本文以提高混合励磁同步电机的功率密度、扩大电机的输出调节范围为研究目标,主要致力于并列结构混合励磁同步发电机的研究,在分析和总结永磁同步电机、电励磁同步电机、现有混合励磁同步电机研究现状的基础上,探讨了提高永磁同步电机性能的原理和方法;研究了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机、磁分路式径向结构混合励磁同步发电机两种电机的结构及其工作原理;并利用样机进行了验证。
主要的研究内容和成果综述如下:
首先,综述了国内外混合励磁同步电机的研究现状,从磁势联结方式入手探讨了混合励磁同步电机的分类,剖析了现有类型混合励磁电机的等效磁路及适宜结构特征,归纳了混合励磁同步电机的特点,讨论了它的应用及其发展前景。
其次,围绕提高永磁同步电机性能的原理和方法开展了研究。给出了切向磁钢永磁同步电机磁钢厚度的几何约束条件;阐述了“聚磁”作用的两种定义,分析了极对数与“聚磁”的关系;研究了磁钢厚度、非导磁衬套厚度对电机性能的影响;从提高电机气隙磁密、减小切向磁钢永磁同步电机转轴侧漏磁的角度出发,重点探讨了辅助磁极的合理放置位置,并对辅助磁钢的厚度进行了优化;在磁钢厚度恒定、磁钢宽度达到极限而辅助磁极自然消失的情况下提出了切向磁钢永磁同步电机的结构优化方案。
分析了2对极切向磁钢永磁同步电机作飞机交流发电机时电机性能的若干影响因素,比较研究了2对极切向磁钢永磁同步电机转子长度与定子长度之比Lr/Ls不同时电机的性能;探讨了切向磁钢永磁同步电机作飞机无刷直流发电机时电机性能、电机重量与极对数的关系;
然后,重点研究了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机的结构、原理和设计方法。阐述了无刷并列结构混合励磁同步发电机的结构;结合其结构特点,探讨了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机中永磁同步发电机和电励磁同步发电机的设计原则和方法;借助于电枢反应理论,研究了负载电流和励磁电流不同配置情况下并列结构混合励磁同步发电机中永磁同步发电机和电励磁同步发电机各自的电枢反应,揭示了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机中的三种运行模态,即发电-电动模态、单发电模态、双发电模态,并定义了三种运行模态的边界线;探讨了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机中永磁同步发电机和电励磁同步发电机的三种组合方式,依据电励磁同步发电机的负载特性,研究了混合励磁电机中励磁电流的计算方法。通过样机进行了验证。
接着,研究了磁分路式径向结构混合励磁同步发电机的结构,利用等效磁路,分析了磁分路式径向结构混合励磁同步发电机的工作原理,给出了该电机结构中特有的磁分流点、磁不分流点和负载平衡点的概念,探讨了改善电机输出调节范围的原理和方法,揭示了该电机的合理结构型式。通过样机进行了验证。
最后,提出了进一步的研究方向。
In the dissertation, research on parallel structure hybrid excitation synchronous generator (HESG) is given, with the aim at improving power density and enlarging adjustment scope of HESG. On the basis of review of permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM), electro-magnet synchronous machine(EMSM) and HESM, the theory and the method for improving PMSM’s performance are given. The structures and operation principles of two synchronous generators are presented, and they are parallel structure HESG and radial structure HESG of magnet shunting type. The analyses and conclusions are validated by prototypes.
The main contents and conclusions are listed as follows.
Firstly, the research status of HESM at present was summarized. According to the magnetism potential connection manners, the classification of HESM is given, with the traits of HESM concluded. Also, the application of HESM is given.
Secondly, the theory and the method for improving PMSM’s performance were investigated. The geometry restriction condition of the rare earth magnet width in interior permanent magnet(IPM) was presented, and two definitions of“flux concentration function”are proposed. The relations between“flux concentration function”and the pole pair numbers of IPM synchronous machine are analyzed. The influences of rare earth thickness and non-magnetism bush thickness on machine performance were discussed. Furthermore, in order to reduce leakage flux and improve air gap flux, thickness of rare earth magnet in that position is optimized. Under the conditions that magnet thickness is constant, and the magnet width reaches maximum, with auxiliary magnet disappeared naturally, the optimized strategy of the structure of IPM synchronous machine was given.
When IPM synchronous machine was used as AC generator for airplane and pole pair numbers are 2, the factors which influence the machine’s performance were analyzed. The machine’s performances under different ratios between rotor length and stator length were investigated. And the relations among machine’s performance, machine’s weight and pole pair numbers were discussed when IPM synchronous machine was used as airplane brushless dc generator.
Thirdly, the configuration, the principle and the design method of the parallel structure HESG were studied. The design rules and the method for permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) and electro-magnet synchronous generator(EMSG) in the parallel structure HESG were discussed. With the help of armature reaction theory, armature reactions of PMSG and EMSG in the parallel structure HESG are given under different load currents and excitation currents respectively. And three operation modes in the parallel structure HESG are proposed, and they are generator-motor state, generator-generator state and generator state. Also, the boundary conditions of three operation modes were defined. Then, three combination manners of PMSG and EMSG in the parallel structure HESG were discussed. According to EMSM’s load characteristics, the calculation method of the excitation current in HESG was investigated. The above analyses are validated by experimental results.
Then, a radial structure HESG with magnetism shunting type was proposed. With the help of equivalent magnetism circuit, its principle is analyzed. And the concept of magnetism shunting point, magnetism non-shunting point and load balance point were given. The principle and the method for improving adjustment scope of output voltage is discussed, and the suitable machine structure type is presented. Experimental results reveal that the above analyses are correct and the proposed strategy is feasible.
Finally, the possible further research direction is given.
主要的研究内容和成果综述如下:
首先,综述了国内外混合励磁同步电机的研究现状,从磁势联结方式入手探讨了混合励磁同步电机的分类,剖析了现有类型混合励磁电机的等效磁路及适宜结构特征,归纳了混合励磁同步电机的特点,讨论了它的应用及其发展前景。
其次,围绕提高永磁同步电机性能的原理和方法开展了研究。给出了切向磁钢永磁同步电机磁钢厚度的几何约束条件;阐述了“聚磁”作用的两种定义,分析了极对数与“聚磁”的关系;研究了磁钢厚度、非导磁衬套厚度对电机性能的影响;从提高电机气隙磁密、减小切向磁钢永磁同步电机转轴侧漏磁的角度出发,重点探讨了辅助磁极的合理放置位置,并对辅助磁钢的厚度进行了优化;在磁钢厚度恒定、磁钢宽度达到极限而辅助磁极自然消失的情况下提出了切向磁钢永磁同步电机的结构优化方案。
分析了2对极切向磁钢永磁同步电机作飞机交流发电机时电机性能的若干影响因素,比较研究了2对极切向磁钢永磁同步电机转子长度与定子长度之比Lr/Ls不同时电机的性能;探讨了切向磁钢永磁同步电机作飞机无刷直流发电机时电机性能、电机重量与极对数的关系;
然后,重点研究了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机的结构、原理和设计方法。阐述了无刷并列结构混合励磁同步发电机的结构;结合其结构特点,探讨了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机中永磁同步发电机和电励磁同步发电机的设计原则和方法;借助于电枢反应理论,研究了负载电流和励磁电流不同配置情况下并列结构混合励磁同步发电机中永磁同步发电机和电励磁同步发电机各自的电枢反应,揭示了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机中的三种运行模态,即发电-电动模态、单发电模态、双发电模态,并定义了三种运行模态的边界线;探讨了并列结构混合励磁同步发电机中永磁同步发电机和电励磁同步发电机的三种组合方式,依据电励磁同步发电机的负载特性,研究了混合励磁电机中励磁电流的计算方法。通过样机进行了验证。
接着,研究了磁分路式径向结构混合励磁同步发电机的结构,利用等效磁路,分析了磁分路式径向结构混合励磁同步发电机的工作原理,给出了该电机结构中特有的磁分流点、磁不分流点和负载平衡点的概念,探讨了改善电机输出调节范围的原理和方法,揭示了该电机的合理结构型式。通过样机进行了验证。
最后,提出了进一步的研究方向。
In the dissertation, research on parallel structure hybrid excitation synchronous generator (HESG) is given, with the aim at improving power density and enlarging adjustment scope of HESG. On the basis of review of permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM), electro-magnet synchronous machine(EMSM) and HESM, the theory and the method for improving PMSM’s performance are given. The structures and operation principles of two synchronous generators are presented, and they are parallel structure HESG and radial structure HESG of magnet shunting type. The analyses and conclusions are validated by prototypes.
The main contents and conclusions are listed as follows.
Firstly, the research status of HESM at present was summarized. According to the magnetism potential connection manners, the classification of HESM is given, with the traits of HESM concluded. Also, the application of HESM is given.
Secondly, the theory and the method for improving PMSM’s performance were investigated. The geometry restriction condition of the rare earth magnet width in interior permanent magnet(IPM) was presented, and two definitions of“flux concentration function”are proposed. The relations between“flux concentration function”and the pole pair numbers of IPM synchronous machine are analyzed. The influences of rare earth thickness and non-magnetism bush thickness on machine performance were discussed. Furthermore, in order to reduce leakage flux and improve air gap flux, thickness of rare earth magnet in that position is optimized. Under the conditions that magnet thickness is constant, and the magnet width reaches maximum, with auxiliary magnet disappeared naturally, the optimized strategy of the structure of IPM synchronous machine was given.
When IPM synchronous machine was used as AC generator for airplane and pole pair numbers are 2, the factors which influence the machine’s performance were analyzed. The machine’s performances under different ratios between rotor length and stator length were investigated. And the relations among machine’s performance, machine’s weight and pole pair numbers were discussed when IPM synchronous machine was used as airplane brushless dc generator.
Thirdly, the configuration, the principle and the design method of the parallel structure HESG were studied. The design rules and the method for permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) and electro-magnet synchronous generator(EMSG) in the parallel structure HESG were discussed. With the help of armature reaction theory, armature reactions of PMSG and EMSG in the parallel structure HESG are given under different load currents and excitation currents respectively. And three operation modes in the parallel structure HESG are proposed, and they are generator-motor state, generator-generator state and generator state. Also, the boundary conditions of three operation modes were defined. Then, three combination manners of PMSG and EMSG in the parallel structure HESG were discussed. According to EMSM’s load characteristics, the calculation method of the excitation current in HESG was investigated. The above analyses are validated by experimental results.
Then, a radial structure HESG with magnetism shunting type was proposed. With the help of equivalent magnetism circuit, its principle is analyzed. And the concept of magnetism shunting point, magnetism non-shunting point and load balance point were given. The principle and the method for improving adjustment scope of output voltage is discussed, and the suitable machine structure type is presented. Experimental results reveal that the above analyses are correct and the proposed strategy is feasible.
Finally, the possible further research direction is given.
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