桃高光效、耐弱光种质研究
摘要
为适应设施栽培及扩大温带果树栽培面积，提高桃果实产量，需要筛选高光
效、耐弱光的桃种质。本文以六个品种的一年生桃幼树为试材，对不同品种的植
物学特性、生物学特性、生理生化特性等指标与其光能利用能力的相关性进行分
析，筛选桃高光效较为准确的种质判定指标，并用之进行高光效种质的筛选。试
验同时研究了不同遮荫处理下，桃形态特征的反应及生理生化指标的变化，分析
了桃在弱光逆境中的适应机制；并对遮荫下桃的形态及生理变化与其耐弱光能力
进行了相关性分析，筛选出了耐弱光种质的判定指标。试验最终提出了桃高光效、
耐弱光种质的判定体系。其主要结果如下：
(1).植物学性状的综合指标、九时光合速率、9：00 时光合速率／呼吸速率
等与植株干重增加呈显著相关，因此可以用这三个指标来判断植株的光能利用情
况。其中植物学性状的综合指标为一个较为实用的指标。
(2).遮荫处理下，植株的光合指标与全株干重的增加量相关性较强，说明植
株在弱光下主要通过光合能力的调整适应遮荫环境，如气孔导度、蒸腾速率、表
观量子效率的变化等。植物学性状的反应在弱光下变化比较复杂，可能是此时植
株的形态调节能力不强的原因。
(3).中度遮荫下，气孔导度、叶绿素 a/b 变化、脯氨酸变化等指标与全株干
重相关性显著，因此可以作为中度遮荫下耐弱光种质的判定指标。重度遮荫下不
宜进行耐弱光种质判定指标的筛选。
(4).高光效、耐弱光种质筛选应注意以下原则：首先应确定合理的遮荫处理
水平；其次高光效、耐弱光指标的筛选应本着易测、准确为目标；优先应用综合
形态指标，同时应以植株的生理反应过程作为辅助指标进行判定。
It is important to select the germplasm of high photosynthetic efficiency and
Low Light tolerance for under structure culture and enlarging the area of
temperate-fruit , and increasing the yield . In the experiment, six peach cultivars were
treated by three different extent of shading (i.e. complete natural light, 70% natural
light and 30% natural light). By studying the Correlation analysis between
morphological and physiological index and photosynthetic efficiency, we can identify
the exact and ordinary indexes, and apply them to select ideal germplasm. The
experiment also studied the morphological and physiological changes of peach in low
light condition and analysed the physiological mechanism . At the same time we look
for the convenient and reliable indexes to identify low light tolerance of peach
materials. Some judging system which can be used to select the germplasm of high
photosynthetic efficiency and Low Light tolerance was also proposed.
The results show:
(1). The Correlation indexes between the integrative morphological index, photosynt
hesis at 9:00, the ratio between photosynthesis at 9:00 and respiration and plants’dry
weight are prominent. so, these indexes can be used to select germplasm, and
integrative morphological index is the best.
(2). Under the shading treatment, the relativity between the synthetic index and
increment of the whole plant’s dry weight is prominent which means the synthesis
adjustment is seasoned with shading conditions, i.e. the change of Cs(conductance of
stoma), Tr(transpiration rate), Apparent quantum yield. The morphological change is
complex under shading treament.
(3). The Correlation indexes between the Cs, Chlorophyll a/b value, proline content
and the increment of plants’dry weight are prominent under moderate shading
treatment .so , these indexes can be used to select germplasm. It is unsuitable to select
germplasm under severe shading treatment.
(4). Some principle shoule be noticed in selecting germplasm. Firstly, we should make
sure which level of shading treatment is suitable.Secondly, the purpose which select
germplasm is to identify easy, exact index. Thirdly, some integrative morphological
index is the best choice. At the same time, the physiological change should be
referenced to select the peach germplasm.
效、耐弱光的桃种质。本文以六个品种的一年生桃幼树为试材，对不同品种的植
物学特性、生物学特性、生理生化特性等指标与其光能利用能力的相关性进行分
析，筛选桃高光效较为准确的种质判定指标，并用之进行高光效种质的筛选。试
验同时研究了不同遮荫处理下，桃形态特征的反应及生理生化指标的变化，分析
了桃在弱光逆境中的适应机制；并对遮荫下桃的形态及生理变化与其耐弱光能力
进行了相关性分析，筛选出了耐弱光种质的判定指标。试验最终提出了桃高光效、
耐弱光种质的判定体系。其主要结果如下：
(1).植物学性状的综合指标、九时光合速率、9：00 时光合速率／呼吸速率
等与植株干重增加呈显著相关，因此可以用这三个指标来判断植株的光能利用情
况。其中植物学性状的综合指标为一个较为实用的指标。
(2).遮荫处理下，植株的光合指标与全株干重的增加量相关性较强，说明植
株在弱光下主要通过光合能力的调整适应遮荫环境，如气孔导度、蒸腾速率、表
观量子效率的变化等。植物学性状的反应在弱光下变化比较复杂，可能是此时植
株的形态调节能力不强的原因。
(3).中度遮荫下，气孔导度、叶绿素 a/b 变化、脯氨酸变化等指标与全株干
重相关性显著，因此可以作为中度遮荫下耐弱光种质的判定指标。重度遮荫下不
宜进行耐弱光种质判定指标的筛选。
(4).高光效、耐弱光种质筛选应注意以下原则：首先应确定合理的遮荫处理
水平；其次高光效、耐弱光指标的筛选应本着易测、准确为目标；优先应用综合
形态指标，同时应以植株的生理反应过程作为辅助指标进行判定。
It is important to select the germplasm of high photosynthetic efficiency and
Low Light tolerance for under structure culture and enlarging the area of
temperate-fruit , and increasing the yield . In the experiment, six peach cultivars were
treated by three different extent of shading (i.e. complete natural light, 70% natural
light and 30% natural light). By studying the Correlation analysis between
morphological and physiological index and photosynthetic efficiency, we can identify
the exact and ordinary indexes, and apply them to select ideal germplasm. The
experiment also studied the morphological and physiological changes of peach in low
light condition and analysed the physiological mechanism . At the same time we look
for the convenient and reliable indexes to identify low light tolerance of peach
materials. Some judging system which can be used to select the germplasm of high
photosynthetic efficiency and Low Light tolerance was also proposed.
The results show:
(1). The Correlation indexes between the integrative morphological index, photosynt
hesis at 9:00, the ratio between photosynthesis at 9:00 and respiration and plants’dry
weight are prominent. so, these indexes can be used to select germplasm, and
integrative morphological index is the best.
(2). Under the shading treatment, the relativity between the synthetic index and
increment of the whole plant’s dry weight is prominent which means the synthesis
adjustment is seasoned with shading conditions, i.e. the change of Cs(conductance of
stoma), Tr(transpiration rate), Apparent quantum yield. The morphological change is
complex under shading treament.
(3). The Correlation indexes between the Cs, Chlorophyll a/b value, proline content
and the increment of plants’dry weight are prominent under moderate shading
treatment .so , these indexes can be used to select germplasm. It is unsuitable to select
germplasm under severe shading treatment.
(4). Some principle shoule be noticed in selecting germplasm. Firstly, we should make
sure which level of shading treatment is suitable.Secondly, the purpose which select
germplasm is to identify easy, exact index. Thirdly, some integrative morphological
index is the best choice. At the same time, the physiological change should be
referenced to select the peach germplasm.
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