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烯效唑、油菜素内酯和植物提取物在油菜种衣剂中的应用效应
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摘要
本试验以浙油758、双72利华杂4号三个油菜品种为材料,研究了油菜种衣剂中烯效唑(S3307)和油菜素内酯(BR)最佳浓度的筛选及适宜浓度烯效唑和油菜素内酯种衣剂包膜油菜种子对油菜幼苗生长和生理的影响;探讨了不同植物提取物对油菜种带真菌的影响,用筛选出的植物提取物配成的天然型种衣剂包膜种子,研究对油菜幼苗生长和生理的影响;大田试验研究了CoatⅠ、CoatⅡ和CoatⅢ三个油菜种衣剂包膜种子对油菜生长发育及产量的影响。主要结果如下:
     试验中在油菜种衣剂中添加不同浓度的烯效唑,并用于包膜三个油菜品种种子,经室内试验筛选得到较适烯效唑浓度的种衣剂配方(CoatⅠ)。结果表明,适宜浓度烯放唑包膜处理对三个油菜品种种子的发芽势、发芽率和简易活力指数无显著影响,但降低种子的发芽速度;在显著降低苗高的同时,显著增加根长、根体积、根干重、子叶干重和根冠比,起到很好的控上促下作用。适宜浓度烯效唑包膜处理显著降低浙油758和双72幼苗的脂肪酶活性,诱导双72和华杂4号过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及三个油菜品种多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性显著提高,但对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性无显著影响。此外,适宜浓度烯效唑包膜处理显著提高油菜幼苗根系活力和可溶性糖含量。S3307与基础种衣剂(Coat 0)对双72和华杂4号POD、CAT活性、三个油菜品种PPO活性及根系活力和可溶性糖含量的影响具有正互作效应。
     试验中在油菜种衣剂中添加不同浓度的油菜素内酯,并用于包膜三个油菜品种种子,经室内试验筛选得到较适油菜素内酯浓度的种衣剂配方(CoatⅡ)。结果表明,适宜浓度油菜素内酯包膜处理不会影响三个油菜品种种子的发芽势、发芽率和简易活力指数,但会降低种子的发芽指数,延长双72油菜的平均发芽时间;促进油菜子叶干重增加,抑制浙油758和华杂4号油菜幼苗根的伸长生长,对三个油菜品种幼苗的茎干重、根干重、总干重和根冠比均无显著影响。适宜浓度油菜素内酯包膜处理抑制基础种衣剂(Coat 0)对双72和华杂4号两油菜品种根系活力的促进作用;显著降低浙油758α-淀粉酶活性、促进浙油758和华杂4号油菜β-淀粉酶活性及三个油菜品种的脂肪酶、蛋白酶活性提高。适宜浓度油菜素内酯包膜处理诱导三个油菜品种幼苗CAT、PPO活性和双72幼苗SOD活性的提高,同时可促进三个油菜品种下胚轴可溶性糖含量的提高。
     采用冰冻法研究不同植物提取物对油菜种带真菌的影响,发现多种植物提取物能显著抑制油菜种带真菌的生长,其中韭菜、辣椒和未灭菌大蒜提取液能完全抑制油菜种带真菌的生长,可初步选为种衣剂中农药的替代品。1%壳聚糖包膜浙油758和华杂4号油菜种子,显著提高种子发芽势、幼苗根鲜重、根系活力、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、CAT、PPO和SOD活性,对种子发芽率及幼苗地上部鲜重无明显影响。韭菜、辣椒和未灭菌大蒜提取液分别与1%壳聚糖配制成天然型种衣剂包膜浙油758和华杂4号油菜种子,与未包膜对照比,能显著提高幼苗根鲜重、脂肪酶和SOD活性,提高种子的发芽势,幼苗蛋白酶、CAT、PPO活性和根系活力。但效果不及1%壳聚糖包膜。
     对实验室筛选得到的CoatⅠ、CoatⅡ、CoatⅢ三种油菜种衣剂包膜种子的田间表现进行了研究。
    
     浙江大学硕士学位论文:摘要(Abstract)
     田间试验结果表明,三种油菜种衣剂包膜种子后可以减轻油菜苗期虫害、有效防止蚜虫危害,起到
     较好的保苗效果。COOt、COOt M可显著降低幼苗根颈长,显著增加幼苗叶龄,增加根颈粗和绿叶 j
     数,促进最大叶叶面生长和植株干物重积累,提高幼苗素质,起到较好的控上促下、控前促后的作
     队 Coat、Coat Ill包膜处理还能改善油菜经济性状,增加有效分枝数和单株角果数,提高籽粒产
     量。Coat 11可提高汕菜的田间出苗率,也只有一定的提高幼苗素质的效果,但效果个如 Coat和 Coat
     皿。三种种衣剂中,Coat提高幼的素质的效果以及增产的效果最好。
The effects of seed film coating with suitable concentration of uniconazole and brassinolide on growth and physiological and biochemical changes of seedling in rape, cv. Zheyou758. Shuang72 and Huaza4, were investigated after selecting suitable concentration of uniconazole and brassinolide in seed film coating agent. Effects of different plant extracts on seed bom fungi of rape and on growth and physiological characteristics of seedling after seed film coating with natural matter coating agent in rape were also studied. Field experiments researching effects of coating agent. Coat I. Coat n and Coat III, on growth and yield after seed film coating were conducted. Main results obtained are as follows:
    Rape coating agents with different concentration uniconazole were used for film coating three rape variety seeds. Suitable concentration of uniconazole in coating agents (Coat I) was selected after germination, chlorophyll content, shoot height and dry weight were estimated. Results in laboratory showed that seed film coating with suitable concentration uniconazole did not improve energy of germination, germination percentage and simple vigor index, slightly reduce seed germination rate. However, seed film coating with suitable concentration uniconazole significantly reduced shoot height and significantly increased root length, root volume, root dry weight, cotyledon dry weight and dry weight ratio of root to shoot at the same time. Seed film coating with suitable concentration uniconazole significantly reduce Zheyou 758 and Shuang 72 lipase activity and significantly increased activity of POD, CAT in Shuang 72 and Huaza 4 seedling and PPO in three variety rape seedling. There were no significant difference between Coat I and controls in SOD activity, however significant increasing in root activity and soluble sugar content of rape seedling after seed film coated with suitable concentration uniconazole. There was positive effect of interaction on increasing activity of POD and CAT in Shuang 72 and Huaza 4 and PPO activity, root vigor and soluble sugar content in rape seedling of three varieties between Uniconazole and base coating agent (Coat 0).
    Rape coating agents with different concentration brassinolide were used for seed film coating in three rape varieties. Suitable concentration of brassinolide in coating agents (Coat H) was selected after germination, chlorophyll content, seedling height and dry weight were measured. The results showed that seed film coating with suitable concentration brassinolide did not improve energy of germination, germination percentage and simple vigor index, slightly reduce rape seed germination index and increase Shuang 72 mean germination time (MGT). Film coating with suitable concentration brassinolide increased cotyledon dry weight. There is no significant effect on stem dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and dry weight ratio of root to shoot and inhibiting root length in Zheyou 758 and Huaza 4. Film coating with suitable concentration brassinolide inhibited effect of basic seed coating agent (Coat 0) on improving root vigor in Shuang 72 and Huaza 4. Coat II significantly reduced -amylase activity Zheyou 758,
    
    
    
    
    however improved -amylase activity in Shuang 72 and Huaza 4 and seedling lipase activity and protease activity in three varieties. Film coating with suitable concentration brassinolide increased activity of CAT, PPO and SOD and soluble sugar content of rape seedling.
    Various plant extracts could significantly restrain seed bom fungi of rape. Autoclaved leek, capsicum extracts and unautoclaved garlic extracts could restrain seed bom fungi of rape completely. It suggested that these extracts could be selected to substitute pesticide and fungicide used in seed coating agent. Seed film coating with 1% chitosan solution significantly increased energy of germination, fresh root weight, the activity of lipase, protease, CAT, SOD and PPO and root vigor. There was not significant influence in germination percentage and fresh shoot weight. Seed film coating w
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