密度和钾肥对白花丹参产量及品质的影响
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摘要
丹参是一种常用中草药。随着丹参临床需求量的增加,全国各地已开始进行大面积人工栽培。但有关丹参栽培技术的理论研究还很薄弱,其人工栽培的技术尚未形成完整的理论体系。本实验以白花丹参为材料,通过调节钾肥和密度两个因素,对丹参的生长发育规律进行研究,以期找出最佳栽培模式,为丹参的规范化栽培提供理论依据。主要试验结果如下:
1密度对白花丹参产量、品质的影响
随种植密度的增加,单株根产量逐渐降低,群体根产量先上升后降低,以中密度(111120株/hm2)处理的产量最高,分别比74080株/hm2和222240株/hm2增产23.34%、1.77%。随密度增加,丹参平均根直径显著降低,单株根个数显著增加。
营养成分随密度变化不一致,白花丹参根中可溶性糖含量以低密度处理最高;游离氨基酸含量和淀粉含量均随密度的增加逐渐降低;提高密度对白花丹参营养成分的改善不太有利。有效成分受密度的影响比较复杂,丹参酮ⅡA含量和隐丹参酮含量均随密度增加而增加;丹参素含量中密度处理最高,原儿茶醛含量随密度的增加而降低;丹酚酸B含量高密度处理最高。中密度处理在淀粉、隐丹参酮、丹参素、原儿茶醛方面有明显的产量优势。
2密度对白花丹参植株生理特性的影响
增加种植密度使丹参叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度降低,胞间CO2浓度升高。叶片可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量随密度的增加先升高后下降,以中密度处理含量最高。高密度处理在生长后期光合速率和叶绿素含量下降较快。
种植密度从74080株/hm2增加到111120株/hm2,丹参功能叶的SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶活性增强,MDA含量降低,当栽植密度达到222240株/hm2时,叶片SOD、POD和CAT的活性降低,MDA含量升高。
栽植密度显著影响丹参植株体内氮磷钾的含量与分布,氮磷钾单株的吸收量随种植密度的提高而降低,收获时,中、低密度处理分配到根中的
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is an important herbal medicine in common use. Because of more requirments needed in clinic, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is planted more and more widely in many areas. But the studies of planting techniques are poor, its planting techniques have not been studied systematically. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge .f.alba is selected in this experiment. In order to find the best cultivation mode, we studide the effect of density and potassium fertilizer on yield and quality. And the physiological mechanism how density, potassium fertilizer affected yield and quality were analyzed in this experiment. The main results were as followed:
1. Effect of density on yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge .f.alba With increasing of plant density, the root yield of single plant decreased, but root yield of colony increased firstly, then decreased. The yield was highest in the density of 111120 plant/hm2, the increased production were 23.34% and 1.77% compared to 74080 plant/hm2 and 222240 plant/hm2. With increasing of plant density, the diameter of the average root decreased significantly and the roots of per plant increased significantly.
The nutritional components changed differently with plant density changing. The content of soluble sugar in roots was highest in the low plant density. The contents of free amino and starch decreased with improving of plant density. It did not avail to reforming of nutritional components for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge .f.alba by improving plant density. The effect of plant density on effective ingredients was complex. The contents of tanshinoneⅡA and
1密度对白花丹参产量、品质的影响
随种植密度的增加,单株根产量逐渐降低,群体根产量先上升后降低,以中密度(111120株/hm2)处理的产量最高,分别比74080株/hm2和222240株/hm2增产23.34%、1.77%。随密度增加,丹参平均根直径显著降低,单株根个数显著增加。
营养成分随密度变化不一致,白花丹参根中可溶性糖含量以低密度处理最高;游离氨基酸含量和淀粉含量均随密度的增加逐渐降低;提高密度对白花丹参营养成分的改善不太有利。有效成分受密度的影响比较复杂,丹参酮ⅡA含量和隐丹参酮含量均随密度增加而增加;丹参素含量中密度处理最高,原儿茶醛含量随密度的增加而降低;丹酚酸B含量高密度处理最高。中密度处理在淀粉、隐丹参酮、丹参素、原儿茶醛方面有明显的产量优势。
2密度对白花丹参植株生理特性的影响
增加种植密度使丹参叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度降低,胞间CO2浓度升高。叶片可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量随密度的增加先升高后下降,以中密度处理含量最高。高密度处理在生长后期光合速率和叶绿素含量下降较快。
种植密度从74080株/hm2增加到111120株/hm2,丹参功能叶的SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶活性增强,MDA含量降低,当栽植密度达到222240株/hm2时,叶片SOD、POD和CAT的活性降低,MDA含量升高。
栽植密度显著影响丹参植株体内氮磷钾的含量与分布,氮磷钾单株的吸收量随种植密度的提高而降低,收获时,中、低密度处理分配到根中的
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is an important herbal medicine in common use. Because of more requirments needed in clinic, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is planted more and more widely in many areas. But the studies of planting techniques are poor, its planting techniques have not been studied systematically. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge .f.alba is selected in this experiment. In order to find the best cultivation mode, we studide the effect of density and potassium fertilizer on yield and quality. And the physiological mechanism how density, potassium fertilizer affected yield and quality were analyzed in this experiment. The main results were as followed:
1. Effect of density on yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge .f.alba With increasing of plant density, the root yield of single plant decreased, but root yield of colony increased firstly, then decreased. The yield was highest in the density of 111120 plant/hm2, the increased production were 23.34% and 1.77% compared to 74080 plant/hm2 and 222240 plant/hm2. With increasing of plant density, the diameter of the average root decreased significantly and the roots of per plant increased significantly.
The nutritional components changed differently with plant density changing. The content of soluble sugar in roots was highest in the low plant density. The contents of free amino and starch decreased with improving of plant density. It did not avail to reforming of nutritional components for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge .f.alba by improving plant density. The effect of plant density on effective ingredients was complex. The contents of tanshinoneⅡA and
引文
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