湖南甘薯品种遗传多样性分析
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摘要
本研究通过形态标记和分子标记(AFLP、SSR和RAPD)的方法,对来自湖南及其它地区甘薯品种的遗传多样性进行了系统分析,使用的品种共计61份,其中育成品种29份,地方品种32份。育成品种包括16份国内品种,其中湖南品种11份,江苏品种3份,四川品种2份；13份国外品种包括巴西品种1份,菲律宾品种2份,马来西亚品种1份,马里品种1份,美国品种4份,尼日利亚品种1份,日本品种3份。地方品种包括32份国内品种,其中湖南品种20份,广东品种6份,福建品种2份,海南品种2份,湖北品种1份,重庆品种1份。获得的结果如下：
1.用区分甘薯品种的基本形态特征：株型、叶型、叶色、叶脉色、脉基色和茎蔓色,可以将61份甘薯品种初步区分丌,表明供试材料中育成品种和地方品种具有较丰富的形态变异,而湖南甘薯育成品种和地方品种之间遗传差异较大。
2.用12对AFLP引物、12对SSR引物和20个RAPD引物对61份甘薯品种进行扩增,分别扩增出324条、110条和153条多态性带,平均每条(对)引物扩增出27条、9条和7.6条多态性带,可将61份甘薯品种完全区分开。AFLP在揭示多态性水平和实验的稳定性高于SSR和RAPD,表明AFLP可以作为甘薯遗传多样性分析的首选标记。
3.利用AFLP、SSR和RAPD三种分子标记结果对供试材料进行UPGMA聚类分析,可以将61份供试材料分为六个组群。以第工组群和第Ⅲ组群包括品种最多：第工组群,共38份品种,其中地方品种20份,育成品种共18份；第Ⅲ组群,共17份品种,其中地方品种10份,育成品种7份；除湖南地方品种涟73-21-3和祁阳黄心薯聚为第Ⅱ工组群外,其余皆聚为第Ⅰ和第Ⅲ组群；尼日利亚育成品种TiB10和马来西亚育成品种暹罗红分别单独聚为第Ⅳ和第Ⅴ组群；第Ⅵ组群为美国育成品种百年纪念和巴西育成品种西蒙1号。
4.根据三种分子标记遗传距离的计算,湖南育成品种与地方品种遗传距离分别为：0.3778-1.0000、0.2308-1.0000和0.0588-0.6842,平均遗传距离分别为0.7278、0.5443和0.2793,表明湖南甘薯品种遗传变异幅度较大。湖南地方品种间平均遗传距离分别为0.6537、0.5362和0.2955；湖南育成品种间平均遗传距离分别为0.7075、0.4583和0.295 1。通过湖南地方品种与育成品种的遗传距离比较,AFLP标记结果为地方品种遗传距离小于育成品种,SSR标记与RAPD标记结果地方品种遗传距离大于育成品种,即GDLAFLPGDMCSSR,GDLRAPD>GDMCFAPD。
5.综合三种分子标记,得出湖南甘薯育成品种与地方品种的遗传距离为0.294 1-0.8644,平均0.5038；对不同地区地方品种及育成品种的平均遗传距离进行比较分析,地方品种湖南与广东的平均遗传距离最远,育成品种湖南与马来西亚平均遗传距离最远,因此,在今后湖南甘薯亲本选配上应重点考虑这些地区的品种。
The genetic diversity of sweetpotato was analyzed by morphological and molecular (AFLP,SSR and RAPD) markers.A total of 61 accessions,including 27 modern cultivars and 34 landraces. Modern cultuvars included 16 acceccions,among Hunan 11 species,Jiangsu 3 species and Sichuan 2 species; 13 varieties of foreign species,including Brazil 1,2 varieties of the Philippines,Malaysia,1 species,1 variety of Mali,the United States 4 copies of varieties,varieties in Nigeria 1,3 Japanese varieties.Landraces were 32 domestic varieties,including Hunan 20 varieties,Guangdong 6 varieties,Fujian 2 varieties,Chongqing 1 varieties and Hubei lvarieties.The main results were as follows:
1.Sixty-one sweetpotato accessions were distinguished clearly based on morphological characteristics,including plant type, mature leaf shape,mature leaf color,leaf vein color,base vein color and stem color.lt was showed that sweetpotato modern cultivars and landraces possessed a high level of phenotypic differences.The genetic distance among modern cultivars and landraces in Hunan was large.
2.Using 12 AFLP primer pairs,12 SSR primer pairs and 20 RAPD primers,324,110 and 153 polymorphic bands with an average of 27,9.2 and 7.6 bands per primer (pair) respectively,were amplified among 61 materials.AFLPs were better than SSRs and RAPDs in terms of the number of polymorphic bands and the experimental stability.
3.The UPGMA cluster analysis based on AFLP,SSR and RAPD markers classified the 61 accessions into 6 groups. The first group and the three group included most varieties:the first group had 38 species, of which 20 were landraces and 18 were modern cultivars; The three group had 17 species, of which 10 were landraces and 7 were modern cultivars; Lian 73-21-3 and Qiyanghuangxinshu of Hunan landraces were grouped together for the two, the rest were grouped into the group I and group III; TiB10 in Nigeria and Siam Red in Malaysia of modern cultivars were grouped separately into the IV group and V; the VI group was Centennial in the United States and Ximengl in Brazil of modern cultivars.
4.The genetic distance between modern cultivars and landraces in Hunan revealed by AFLPs,SSRs and RAPDs differed greatly,being 0.3778-1.0000,0.2308-1.0000 and 0.0588-0.6842,respectively,with the mean genetic distances of 0.7278,0.5443 and 0.2793,respectively. These results supported the viewpoint that accessions in Hunan were highly genetic differences. The genetic distance of landraces in Hunan revealed by AFLPs,SSRs and RAPDs were 0.6537、0.5362 and 0.2955; The genetic distance of modern cultivars in Hunan revealed by AFLPs,SSRs and RAPDs were 0.7075、0.4583 and 0.2951, it was then AFLP＜GDMC AFLP,GDL SSR＞GBMCSSR,GDLRAPD＞GDMC RAPD。
5.Based on the 3 molecular markers,the genetic distance between landraces and modern cultivars in Hunan was 0.2941-0.8644,mean 0.5038.The mean genetic distance from different lands of landraces and modern cultivars were calculated by the three molecular markers respectively, the landraces from Hunan and Guangdong had the highest genetic distance.The modern cultivars from Hunan and Malaysia had the highest genetic diatance.Thus,the utilization of these lands should be emphasized in Hunan sweetpotato breeding.
1.用区分甘薯品种的基本形态特征：株型、叶型、叶色、叶脉色、脉基色和茎蔓色,可以将61份甘薯品种初步区分丌,表明供试材料中育成品种和地方品种具有较丰富的形态变异,而湖南甘薯育成品种和地方品种之间遗传差异较大。
2.用12对AFLP引物、12对SSR引物和20个RAPD引物对61份甘薯品种进行扩增,分别扩增出324条、110条和153条多态性带,平均每条(对)引物扩增出27条、9条和7.6条多态性带,可将61份甘薯品种完全区分开。AFLP在揭示多态性水平和实验的稳定性高于SSR和RAPD,表明AFLP可以作为甘薯遗传多样性分析的首选标记。
3.利用AFLP、SSR和RAPD三种分子标记结果对供试材料进行UPGMA聚类分析,可以将61份供试材料分为六个组群。以第工组群和第Ⅲ组群包括品种最多：第工组群,共38份品种,其中地方品种20份,育成品种共18份；第Ⅲ组群,共17份品种,其中地方品种10份,育成品种7份；除湖南地方品种涟73-21-3和祁阳黄心薯聚为第Ⅱ工组群外,其余皆聚为第Ⅰ和第Ⅲ组群；尼日利亚育成品种TiB10和马来西亚育成品种暹罗红分别单独聚为第Ⅳ和第Ⅴ组群；第Ⅵ组群为美国育成品种百年纪念和巴西育成品种西蒙1号。
4.根据三种分子标记遗传距离的计算,湖南育成品种与地方品种遗传距离分别为：0.3778-1.0000、0.2308-1.0000和0.0588-0.6842,平均遗传距离分别为0.7278、0.5443和0.2793,表明湖南甘薯品种遗传变异幅度较大。湖南地方品种间平均遗传距离分别为0.6537、0.5362和0.2955；湖南育成品种间平均遗传距离分别为0.7075、0.4583和0.295 1。通过湖南地方品种与育成品种的遗传距离比较,AFLP标记结果为地方品种遗传距离小于育成品种,SSR标记与RAPD标记结果地方品种遗传距离大于育成品种,即GDLAFLP
5.综合三种分子标记,得出湖南甘薯育成品种与地方品种的遗传距离为0.294 1-0.8644,平均0.5038；对不同地区地方品种及育成品种的平均遗传距离进行比较分析,地方品种湖南与广东的平均遗传距离最远,育成品种湖南与马来西亚平均遗传距离最远,因此,在今后湖南甘薯亲本选配上应重点考虑这些地区的品种。
The genetic diversity of sweetpotato was analyzed by morphological and molecular (AFLP,SSR and RAPD) markers.A total of 61 accessions,including 27 modern cultivars and 34 landraces. Modern cultuvars included 16 acceccions,among Hunan 11 species,Jiangsu 3 species and Sichuan 2 species; 13 varieties of foreign species,including Brazil 1,2 varieties of the Philippines,Malaysia,1 species,1 variety of Mali,the United States 4 copies of varieties,varieties in Nigeria 1,3 Japanese varieties.Landraces were 32 domestic varieties,including Hunan 20 varieties,Guangdong 6 varieties,Fujian 2 varieties,Chongqing 1 varieties and Hubei lvarieties.The main results were as follows:
1.Sixty-one sweetpotato accessions were distinguished clearly based on morphological characteristics,including plant type, mature leaf shape,mature leaf color,leaf vein color,base vein color and stem color.lt was showed that sweetpotato modern cultivars and landraces possessed a high level of phenotypic differences.The genetic distance among modern cultivars and landraces in Hunan was large.
2.Using 12 AFLP primer pairs,12 SSR primer pairs and 20 RAPD primers,324,110 and 153 polymorphic bands with an average of 27,9.2 and 7.6 bands per primer (pair) respectively,were amplified among 61 materials.AFLPs were better than SSRs and RAPDs in terms of the number of polymorphic bands and the experimental stability.
3.The UPGMA cluster analysis based on AFLP,SSR and RAPD markers classified the 61 accessions into 6 groups. The first group and the three group included most varieties:the first group had 38 species, of which 20 were landraces and 18 were modern cultivars; The three group had 17 species, of which 10 were landraces and 7 were modern cultivars; Lian 73-21-3 and Qiyanghuangxinshu of Hunan landraces were grouped together for the two, the rest were grouped into the group I and group III; TiB10 in Nigeria and Siam Red in Malaysia of modern cultivars were grouped separately into the IV group and V; the VI group was Centennial in the United States and Ximengl in Brazil of modern cultivars.
4.The genetic distance between modern cultivars and landraces in Hunan revealed by AFLPs,SSRs and RAPDs differed greatly,being 0.3778-1.0000,0.2308-1.0000 and 0.0588-0.6842,respectively,with the mean genetic distances of 0.7278,0.5443 and 0.2793,respectively. These results supported the viewpoint that accessions in Hunan were highly genetic differences. The genetic distance of landraces in Hunan revealed by AFLPs,SSRs and RAPDs were 0.6537、0.5362 and 0.2955; The genetic distance of modern cultivars in Hunan revealed by AFLPs,SSRs and RAPDs were 0.7075、0.4583 and 0.2951, it was then AFLP＜GDMC AFLP,GDL SSR＞GBMCSSR,GDLRAPD＞GDMC RAPD。
5.Based on the 3 molecular markers,the genetic distance between landraces and modern cultivars in Hunan was 0.2941-0.8644,mean 0.5038.The mean genetic distance from different lands of landraces and modern cultivars were calculated by the three molecular markers respectively, the landraces from Hunan and Guangdong had the highest genetic distance.The modern cultivars from Hunan and Malaysia had the highest genetic diatance.Thus,the utilization of these lands should be emphasized in Hunan sweetpotato breeding.
引文
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