平原农区杨农复合生态系统碳储量与碳平衡研究
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摘要
杨农复合经营是平原农区发展杨树人工林的主要方式。本研究选择杨树已有大面积栽植以及杨树产业已成规模的苏北平原地区的几种典型栽植模式,采用实测样地的方法,以生态系统为整体对不同复合经营模式的碳储量、碳平衡进行研究。结果表明:
(1)三种模式杨农复合生态系统各组分碳储量均是土壤>农作物>杨树>枯枝落叶,各组分百分比为土壤69~83%、农作物12~27%、杨树4~13%、凋落物0.15~0.42%,土壤碳储量是生物质碳储量的2.24~4.76倍。K模式、P模式与W模式不同农作物间作种类(小麦+玉米、小麦+大豆、小麦+水稻)系统碳储量分别为88.40 t·hm~(-2)、86.16 t·hm~(-2)与89.47 t·hm~(-2); 58.38 t·hm~(-2)、56.89 t·hm~(-2)与58.53 t·hm~(-2);61.70 t·hm~(-2)、58.25 t·hm~(-2)与58.87 t·hm~(-2)。
(2)对生态系统碳收支平衡公式进行了探讨与推算,表明2006年度和2007年度三种模式杨农复合生态系统都是大气CO2的“汇”。5年生时K模式、P模式、W模式(间作秋作物为玉米和大豆)净碳汇分别为3.33 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)和3.10 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、4.54 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)和4.17 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、3.65 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)和2.99 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1);6年生时三种模式(小麦+水稻)净碳汇分别为4.65 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、4.47 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、2.97 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。经营模式、间作作物以及间作的年限都会对碳汇的大小产生一定的影响。
(3)2007年K模式、P模式、W模式碳素的循环流动过程:通过光合作用输入植被碳库的碳量为14.93 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、14.31 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、13.97 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),从植被碳库输入到土壤碳库的碳量为3.37 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、3.19 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、3.08 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),同时土壤进行异养呼吸释放1.88 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、1.99 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、1.63 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)的碳量;农作物收获有8.39 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、7.84 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、9.38 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)的碳输出系统。
Poplar-crop intercropping is a main way developing poplar plantation in plain. In order to evaluate the carbon absorptive function of poplar- crop ecosystem, the carbon storage and carbon budget were systematically studied with a practical measurement method for sample plots among three poplar-crop intercropping patterns in the northern Jiangsu plain. The main results of the research are as follows:
(1) The carbon storage in various parts of the agroforestry system was in the order of soil >crop > poplar > litter-fall for all the three poplar-crop intercropping patterns. The percentage of soil carbon storage to the whole system was 69~83%, while the percentage was 12~27% for crop, 4~13% for poplar, and 0.15~0.42% for litter-fall, respectively. The carbon storage in soil was 2.24~4.76 times in the biomass carbon storage. The carbon storage in poplar-crop intercropping ecosystem in K pattern were 88.40 t·hm~(-2) with wheat + corn, 86.16 t·hm~(-2) with wheat + bean and 89.47 t·hm~(-2) with wheat + rice, respectively, while those of P pattern accounted for 58.38 t·hm~(-2), 56.89 t·hm~(-2) and 58.53 t·hm~(-2), as well as those of W pattern accounted for 61.70 t·hm~(-2),58.25 t·hm~(-2) and 58.87 t·hm~(-2).
(2) After a carbon balance formula was developed, the balance of carbon was studied in the three poplar-crop intercropping patterns. Results showed that NEP was above zero in 2006 and 2007, and poplar-crop intercropping ecosystem also showed absorptive and solidifying function of CO2. NEP in K pattern with poplar plantations of 5-year-old was 3.33 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + corn and 3.10 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + bean respectively, but amounting to 4.65 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)at the 6-year-old for intercroping of wheat + rice. NEP in P pattern in the 5-year-old was 4.54 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + corn and 4.17 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + bean respectively, but amounting to 4.47 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)at the 6-year-old for intercroping of wheat + rice. NEP in W pattern in the 5-year-old was 3.65 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)for intercroping of wheat + corn, and 2.99 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + bean respectively, while in the 6-year-old NEP was 2.97 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for for intercroping of wheat + rice. The results suggested carbon storage was influenced by the management patterns, intercrops and periods of intercropping.
(3) The dynamics of carbon was studied in K, P and W patterns in 2007. The results showed that net carbon production by the photosynthesis inputing to the plant carbon pool was 14.93 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),14.31 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) and 13.97 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1). The carbon from the plant carbon pool to the soil carbon pool was 3.37 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),3.19 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) and 3.08 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1).for K, P and W patterns, respectively. The soil releasesed 1.88 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),1.99 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) and 1.63 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) through heterotrophic respiration, while the carbon output by the way of crop harvest was 8.39 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1), 7.84 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1), 9.38 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for the three patterns, respectively.
(1)三种模式杨农复合生态系统各组分碳储量均是土壤>农作物>杨树>枯枝落叶,各组分百分比为土壤69~83%、农作物12~27%、杨树4~13%、凋落物0.15~0.42%,土壤碳储量是生物质碳储量的2.24~4.76倍。K模式、P模式与W模式不同农作物间作种类(小麦+玉米、小麦+大豆、小麦+水稻)系统碳储量分别为88.40 t·hm~(-2)、86.16 t·hm~(-2)与89.47 t·hm~(-2); 58.38 t·hm~(-2)、56.89 t·hm~(-2)与58.53 t·hm~(-2);61.70 t·hm~(-2)、58.25 t·hm~(-2)与58.87 t·hm~(-2)。
(2)对生态系统碳收支平衡公式进行了探讨与推算,表明2006年度和2007年度三种模式杨农复合生态系统都是大气CO2的“汇”。5年生时K模式、P模式、W模式(间作秋作物为玉米和大豆)净碳汇分别为3.33 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)和3.10 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、4.54 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)和4.17 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、3.65 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)和2.99 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1);6年生时三种模式(小麦+水稻)净碳汇分别为4.65 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、4.47 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、2.97 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。经营模式、间作作物以及间作的年限都会对碳汇的大小产生一定的影响。
(3)2007年K模式、P模式、W模式碳素的循环流动过程:通过光合作用输入植被碳库的碳量为14.93 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、14.31 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、13.97 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),从植被碳库输入到土壤碳库的碳量为3.37 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、3.19 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、3.08 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),同时土壤进行异养呼吸释放1.88 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、1.99 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、1.63 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)的碳量;农作物收获有8.39 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、7.84 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、9.38 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)的碳输出系统。
Poplar-crop intercropping is a main way developing poplar plantation in plain. In order to evaluate the carbon absorptive function of poplar- crop ecosystem, the carbon storage and carbon budget were systematically studied with a practical measurement method for sample plots among three poplar-crop intercropping patterns in the northern Jiangsu plain. The main results of the research are as follows:
(1) The carbon storage in various parts of the agroforestry system was in the order of soil >crop > poplar > litter-fall for all the three poplar-crop intercropping patterns. The percentage of soil carbon storage to the whole system was 69~83%, while the percentage was 12~27% for crop, 4~13% for poplar, and 0.15~0.42% for litter-fall, respectively. The carbon storage in soil was 2.24~4.76 times in the biomass carbon storage. The carbon storage in poplar-crop intercropping ecosystem in K pattern were 88.40 t·hm~(-2) with wheat + corn, 86.16 t·hm~(-2) with wheat + bean and 89.47 t·hm~(-2) with wheat + rice, respectively, while those of P pattern accounted for 58.38 t·hm~(-2), 56.89 t·hm~(-2) and 58.53 t·hm~(-2), as well as those of W pattern accounted for 61.70 t·hm~(-2),58.25 t·hm~(-2) and 58.87 t·hm~(-2).
(2) After a carbon balance formula was developed, the balance of carbon was studied in the three poplar-crop intercropping patterns. Results showed that NEP was above zero in 2006 and 2007, and poplar-crop intercropping ecosystem also showed absorptive and solidifying function of CO2. NEP in K pattern with poplar plantations of 5-year-old was 3.33 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + corn and 3.10 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + bean respectively, but amounting to 4.65 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)at the 6-year-old for intercroping of wheat + rice. NEP in P pattern in the 5-year-old was 4.54 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + corn and 4.17 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + bean respectively, but amounting to 4.47 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)at the 6-year-old for intercroping of wheat + rice. NEP in W pattern in the 5-year-old was 3.65 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)for intercroping of wheat + corn, and 2.99 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for intercroping of wheat + bean respectively, while in the 6-year-old NEP was 2.97 tC·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for for intercroping of wheat + rice. The results suggested carbon storage was influenced by the management patterns, intercrops and periods of intercropping.
(3) The dynamics of carbon was studied in K, P and W patterns in 2007. The results showed that net carbon production by the photosynthesis inputing to the plant carbon pool was 14.93 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),14.31 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) and 13.97 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1). The carbon from the plant carbon pool to the soil carbon pool was 3.37 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),3.19 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) and 3.08 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1).for K, P and W patterns, respectively. The soil releasesed 1.88 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),1.99 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) and 1.63 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) through heterotrophic respiration, while the carbon output by the way of crop harvest was 8.39 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1), 7.84 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1), 9.38 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) for the three patterns, respectively.
引文
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