基于直接电流控制的STATCOM控制器研究
摘要
本文主要研究了基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)。首先简要介绍了无功补偿技术的发展,分析比较了STATCOM与传统无功补偿装置的区别及其优势,并对STATCOM的发展以及国内外的研究现状进行了叙述。然后从电路结构上分析了STATCOM的基本原理和工作特点,并详细叙述采用电压型桥式电路的STATCOM工作原理,通过分析,利用开关函数法建立了适用于直接电流控制的STATCOM的数学模型。推导了基于广义瞬时无功功率理论的无功电流检测的具体过程。介绍了已有的几种控制策略,着重介绍了本文采用的直接电流控制策略。脉冲波的发生采用直流侧电压利用率高、开关损耗小、谐波含量低的空间电压矢量PWM(SVPWM)调制方式。最后,建立了一个STATCOM实验系统,采用以DSP为控制核心的硬件平台,包括采样电路、保护电路、驱动电路等外围电路,编制了相应的软件,完成了试验样机的联调。仿真和实验结果表明基于直接电流控制算法的STATCOM控制器不仅可以实现对无功功率的实时补偿,而且具有较好的响应速度和补偿精度。总的看来,此方法具有一定的先进性和合理性,可应用于工程实践。论文的最后,给出了实验实测波形。
The controller used in Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is mainly studied in this paper. In the first instance, a general description of the development of var compensation technique during recent years is given. The difference between STATCOM and traditional var compensators is compared and the predominance of STATCOM is analyzed. The study of STATCOM in home and abroad recently is recounted. The operation principle of STATCOM based on voltage type circuit is particularly analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model of STATCOM based on switching transfer functions is built. The concrete process of detecting reactive current using the method of 'd-q calculation' of transient reactive power theory has been deduced. Some general control strategies were researched and the direct-current control method is used in this paper. SVPWM modulation mode with which the DC voltage utilization ratio is high, the switch wastage is small and the harmonic content is low is adopted in producing the pulse wave.
An experimental STATCOM system based on TMS320LF2407A DSP is built which includes sampling circuit, protecting circuit, driving circuit and so on. The program of the system is compiled. The simulation and experimental results show that the STATCOM controller can compensate Var on real time.and has preferable controlling precision. In a word, the STATCOM controlling method can be used in the project which is reasonable and advanced. In the end of this paper, the corresponding real waves are provided.
The controller used in Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is mainly studied in this paper. In the first instance, a general description of the development of var compensation technique during recent years is given. The difference between STATCOM and traditional var compensators is compared and the predominance of STATCOM is analyzed. The study of STATCOM in home and abroad recently is recounted. The operation principle of STATCOM based on voltage type circuit is particularly analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model of STATCOM based on switching transfer functions is built. The concrete process of detecting reactive current using the method of 'd-q calculation' of transient reactive power theory has been deduced. Some general control strategies were researched and the direct-current control method is used in this paper. SVPWM modulation mode with which the DC voltage utilization ratio is high, the switch wastage is small and the harmonic content is low is adopted in producing the pulse wave.
An experimental STATCOM system based on TMS320LF2407A DSP is built which includes sampling circuit, protecting circuit, driving circuit and so on. The program of the system is compiled. The simulation and experimental results show that the STATCOM controller can compensate Var on real time.and has preferable controlling precision. In a word, the STATCOM controlling method can be used in the project which is reasonable and advanced. In the end of this paper, the corresponding real waves are provided.
引文
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[14]唐杰,罗安,周柯.静止同步补偿器电压控制器的设计与实现[J].电工技术学报,2006年08期
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[16]李庚银,陈志业,丁巧林.dq0坐标系下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿[J].中国电机工程学报,1996.16(3)
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[18]马晓军,杨波,刘文华,陈建业.STATCOM在系统不对称下的开关函数分析法[J].电力系统自动化.2000,9,10.
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[20]杨顾.基于瞬时无功功率和小波变换的谐波测量研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2003
[21]刘进军,王兆安.基于旋转空间矢量分析瞬时无功功率理论及其应用.电工技术学报[J].1999,14(1)
[22]F.Z.Peng and J.S.Lai,"Generalized instantaneous reactive power theory for three-phase power system",IEEE Trans.Instrumentation and Measurements[J],19%.vol.45,no.1
[23]J.L.Willems,"A New Interpretation of The Akagi-Nabae Power Components of Nonsinusoidal Three-Phase Situations"[J],IEEE Trans.Instrum.Meas.1992,vol.41
[24]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良,韩英铎STATCOM控制器与常规PID励磁调节器的分散协调设计[J].电工技术学报,2001年03期
[25]魏文辉,刘文华,宋强等。基于逆系统方法有功/无功解耦PWM控制的链式STATCOM动态控制策略研究[J]。中国电机工程学报,2005.2
[26]伏祥运,曾繁鹏,王建赜,牟兖民,纪延超.STATCOM的自适应逆控制方法[J].电机与控制学报,2006年06期
[27]郭锐,刘国海.静止同步补偿器(StatCom)无功电流非线性控制研究[J].电气传动,2006年07期
[28]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良,韩英铎.STATCOM无功电流的鲁棒自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报.第21卷第4期,2001.4.
[29]洪镇南,盛义发,春日正男,阳武娇.STATCOM模糊控制的综合优化设计[J].电机与控制学报,2007年06期
[30]栗春,姜齐荣,修林成.静止无功发生器的模糊自整定PID控制器设计[J].控制理论与应用,2000年06期
[31]刘恩东,井元伟,王珂,张嗣瀛.基于神经网络的STATCOM 非线性鲁棒逆推设计[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2005年10期
[32]Anant Oonsivilai and El-Hawary,M.E.A Self-organizing Fuzzy Power System Stabilizer.0-7803-4314-X/1998 IEEE
[33]K.Joshit,A.Behalt,A.K..Jaid,and N.Mohad.A Comparative Study of Control Strategies for Fast Voltage Regulation with STATCOMs.The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,November 2 - 6,2004,Busan,Korea
[34]Li Chun,Jiang Qirong,Xiu Lincheng.Reactive Power Control of STATCOM Using PID Auto-tuning Technique and Fuzzy Set.控制理论与应用,Dec,2000,17(6)
[35]Zhixue 7hang,Zhihong Huo,Zhihuai Xiao.PID Control with Fuzzy Compensation for Hydroelectric Generating Unit[A].Power System Technology,2002,Proceeding[C].Oct,2002,Vol.4
[36]同向前,王超,钟彦儒.基于SPWM-VSI结构的实验研究[J].电工电能新技术.2004(7):31-34.
[37]陈锐坚.低压静止同步补偿器的研究[D].清华大学工学硕士学位论文.2004.
[38]姜齐荣,将霞等。大容量STATCOM装置的线性特性[J]。清华大学学报(自然科学版)2003年第43卷第三期
[39]刘文华,卢军锋,郊征,刘炳.基于SHE-PWM的DSTATCOM的控制器和脉冲发生器的设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版)2002年第42卷第9期
[40]马献鸿,同向前,李峰.SPWM型DSTATCOM的双变量协调控制[J].电力电子技术.第39卷第1期,2005年2月
[41]黄忠霖.控制系统MATLAB计算及仿真[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[42][法]Mohand Mokhtari,Michel Marie著.赵彦玲,吴淑红译.孙绍元审校.MATLAB与SIMULINK工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[43]薛定宇,陈阳泉,基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M],清华大学出版社,2002
[44]濑寿宏主编.微型计算机控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[2]罗安.电网谐波治理和无补偿技术及装备[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[3]陆安定.功率因数与无功补偿[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2004
[4]董云龙,吴杰,王念春,张颖.无功补偿技术综述[J].节能.2003年第9期
[5]T.J.E.米勒主编,胡国根译,何仰赞校.电力系统无功功率控制[M].北京:水利电力出版社.
[6]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[7]姜齐荣,谢小荣,陈建业.电力系统并联补偿--结构、原理、控制与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:80-130.
[8]吴文辉,刘会金.静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)技术的研究现状与发展[J].华东交通大学学报,2005.04
[9]刘文华,梁旭,姜齐荣,罗承廉,刘遵义.采用GTO逆变器的±20 Mvar STATCOM[J].电力系统自动化,2000年23期
[10]陈贤明,许和平,王小红,王彤,田杰.±500kvar静止无功发生器的研制[J].电力系统自动化,2001年24期
[11]刘文华,宋强,张东江,陈天锦,滕乐天,郑东润.50MVA静止同步补偿器链节的等价试验[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,(12)
[12]沈斐,王娅岚,刘文华,梁旭,韩英铎.大容量STATCOM主电路结构的分析和比较[J].电力系统自动化2003年08期
[13]叶华,张宁,刘玉田,牛新生.STATCOM自定义建模及动稳态调压分析[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2007年05期
[14]唐杰,罗安,周柯.静止同步补偿器电压控制器的设计与实现[J].电工技术学报,2006年08期
[15]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[16]李庚银,陈志业,丁巧林.dq0坐标系下广义瞬时无功功率定义及其补偿[J].中国电机工程学报,1996.16(3)
[17]B.Blazi,Papi(?)c.A new mathematical model and control of DSTATCOM for operation under unbalanced conditions.Electric Power Systems Research 72(2004).
[18]马晓军,杨波,刘文华,陈建业.STATCOM在系统不对称下的开关函数分析法[J].电力系统自动化.2000,9,10.
[19]韩昆仑.基于瞬时功率理论的电网无功功率补偿的研究[D].广西:广西大学,2004
[20]杨顾.基于瞬时无功功率和小波变换的谐波测量研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2003
[21]刘进军,王兆安.基于旋转空间矢量分析瞬时无功功率理论及其应用.电工技术学报[J].1999,14(1)
[22]F.Z.Peng and J.S.Lai,"Generalized instantaneous reactive power theory for three-phase power system",IEEE Trans.Instrumentation and Measurements[J],19%.vol.45,no.1
[23]J.L.Willems,"A New Interpretation of The Akagi-Nabae Power Components of Nonsinusoidal Three-Phase Situations"[J],IEEE Trans.Instrum.Meas.1992,vol.41
[24]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良,韩英铎STATCOM控制器与常规PID励磁调节器的分散协调设计[J].电工技术学报,2001年03期
[25]魏文辉,刘文华,宋强等。基于逆系统方法有功/无功解耦PWM控制的链式STATCOM动态控制策略研究[J]。中国电机工程学报,2005.2
[26]伏祥运,曾繁鹏,王建赜,牟兖民,纪延超.STATCOM的自适应逆控制方法[J].电机与控制学报,2006年06期
[27]郭锐,刘国海.静止同步补偿器(StatCom)无功电流非线性控制研究[J].电气传动,2006年07期
[28]谢小荣,崔文进,唐义良,韩英铎.STATCOM无功电流的鲁棒自适应控制[J].中国电机工程学报.第21卷第4期,2001.4.
[29]洪镇南,盛义发,春日正男,阳武娇.STATCOM模糊控制的综合优化设计[J].电机与控制学报,2007年06期
[30]栗春,姜齐荣,修林成.静止无功发生器的模糊自整定PID控制器设计[J].控制理论与应用,2000年06期
[31]刘恩东,井元伟,王珂,张嗣瀛.基于神经网络的STATCOM 非线性鲁棒逆推设计[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2005年10期
[32]Anant Oonsivilai and El-Hawary,M.E.A Self-organizing Fuzzy Power System Stabilizer.0-7803-4314-X/1998 IEEE
[33]K.Joshit,A.Behalt,A.K..Jaid,and N.Mohad.A Comparative Study of Control Strategies for Fast Voltage Regulation with STATCOMs.The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,November 2 - 6,2004,Busan,Korea
[34]Li Chun,Jiang Qirong,Xiu Lincheng.Reactive Power Control of STATCOM Using PID Auto-tuning Technique and Fuzzy Set.控制理论与应用,Dec,2000,17(6)
[35]Zhixue 7hang,Zhihong Huo,Zhihuai Xiao.PID Control with Fuzzy Compensation for Hydroelectric Generating Unit[A].Power System Technology,2002,Proceeding[C].Oct,2002,Vol.4
[36]同向前,王超,钟彦儒.基于SPWM-VSI结构的实验研究[J].电工电能新技术.2004(7):31-34.
[37]陈锐坚.低压静止同步补偿器的研究[D].清华大学工学硕士学位论文.2004.
[38]姜齐荣,将霞等。大容量STATCOM装置的线性特性[J]。清华大学学报(自然科学版)2003年第43卷第三期
[39]刘文华,卢军锋,郊征,刘炳.基于SHE-PWM的DSTATCOM的控制器和脉冲发生器的设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版)2002年第42卷第9期
[40]马献鸿,同向前,李峰.SPWM型DSTATCOM的双变量协调控制[J].电力电子技术.第39卷第1期,2005年2月
[41]黄忠霖.控制系统MATLAB计算及仿真[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[42][法]Mohand Mokhtari,Michel Marie著.赵彦玲,吴淑红译.孙绍元审校.MATLAB与SIMULINK工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[43]薛定宇,陈阳泉,基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M],清华大学出版社,2002
[44]濑寿宏主编.微型计算机控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000