高速列车振动的传播与隔振工程研究
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摘要
现代高速列车运行中,将引起强烈的地面振动,这种振动以粘弹性波的形式向周围传播,对铁路沿线范围内人们的身体健康、生活和工作环境质量、建筑物的安全以及精密仪器的正常使用可能造成严重的影响,引起了国内外许多研究工作者的极大关注。
本文对高速列车振动的传播和隔振工程方面进行了较系统地理论分析和数值研究。主要研究内容包括:
(1)总结列车—轨道系统研究的解析模型,列车载荷可以采用简谐载荷模拟并在ADAMS/Rail软件中建立列车—轨道系统的多体动力学模型,利用弹性支承实现列车—轨道—地基系统的耦合,对轨道随机不平顺激扰下,列车—轨道—地基系统动力仿真,得到轮轨接触力;较为精确的解决了列车振源问题。
(2)从理论分析入手,研究了弹性波在土壤介质中的传播特性,根据主要阻隔瑞利波,提出了本文隔振工程研究范畴:远场被动隔振。
(3)对五种隔振屏障设计方案进行数值分析:空沟、填充沟、多排桩、刚性墙、蜂巢状桩屏障。
(4)沟屏障的隔振效果对屏障的材料刚度最敏感,其次为屏障的深度。
(5)多排桩屏障对排数比较敏感,受多种因素影响,呈现出复杂的性质。在屏障后有一定的屏蔽区,在屏蔽区内隔振效果良好。
(6)对于低频远场被动隔振,刚性夹心墙与空沟屏障隔振效果类似。
(7)蜂巢状桩屏障的隔振效果对蜂巢状围成的区域内填充材料比较敏感。
Moving high-speed trains will induce ground vibrations.The vibrations transmit to ground as viscoelastic wave and affect the living and working environments of human beings,the safety of building structures and the normal performance of precise instruments and high-tech facilities along the rail line.This problem is becoming more and more serious and has promoted the researchers in China and abroad.
In this thesis,the propagation and isolation engineering of vibration induced by high-speed train were studied systematically through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation analysis.The main contents include:
(1) The theoretical models of vehicle-track were summarized.Based on this,the moving train load can be supposed to be harmonic load.Also,the vehicle-track model was built by means of ADAMS/Rail,in which the effect of ground was considered by flexibility bearing based on the property of the foundation.The dynamic analysis of vehicle-track-ground system was performed under track irregularity exciting and the wheel-track force was obtained.
(2) The characteristics of elastic wave propagation in soil have been investigated theoretically.On the basis of Rayleigh wave scattering theory,the object of this study was limited to the passive isolation in far field.
(3) Five types of wave barriers were analyzed numerically,which included:open trench,in-filled trench,multi-row piles,rigid wall and two-row piles with honeycomb cross section.
(4)The isolation effect of open trenches was much more sensitive to the material than to the depth.
(5) The isolation effect of multi-row piles was sensitive to the number of rows .It was complex dependent on a great number of factors.There was a shield area after the barrier,the isolation effect was sound in the shield area.
(6)The isolation effect of rigid wall barrier to low frequency vibration was similar to open trench barrier.
(7) The isolation effect of piles with honeycomb cross section was sensitive to the material property between the chamber enclosed by the piles.
本文对高速列车振动的传播和隔振工程方面进行了较系统地理论分析和数值研究。主要研究内容包括:
(1)总结列车—轨道系统研究的解析模型,列车载荷可以采用简谐载荷模拟并在ADAMS/Rail软件中建立列车—轨道系统的多体动力学模型,利用弹性支承实现列车—轨道—地基系统的耦合,对轨道随机不平顺激扰下,列车—轨道—地基系统动力仿真,得到轮轨接触力;较为精确的解决了列车振源问题。
(2)从理论分析入手,研究了弹性波在土壤介质中的传播特性,根据主要阻隔瑞利波,提出了本文隔振工程研究范畴:远场被动隔振。
(3)对五种隔振屏障设计方案进行数值分析:空沟、填充沟、多排桩、刚性墙、蜂巢状桩屏障。
(4)沟屏障的隔振效果对屏障的材料刚度最敏感,其次为屏障的深度。
(5)多排桩屏障对排数比较敏感,受多种因素影响,呈现出复杂的性质。在屏障后有一定的屏蔽区,在屏蔽区内隔振效果良好。
(6)对于低频远场被动隔振,刚性夹心墙与空沟屏障隔振效果类似。
(7)蜂巢状桩屏障的隔振效果对蜂巢状围成的区域内填充材料比较敏感。
Moving high-speed trains will induce ground vibrations.The vibrations transmit to ground as viscoelastic wave and affect the living and working environments of human beings,the safety of building structures and the normal performance of precise instruments and high-tech facilities along the rail line.This problem is becoming more and more serious and has promoted the researchers in China and abroad.
In this thesis,the propagation and isolation engineering of vibration induced by high-speed train were studied systematically through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation analysis.The main contents include:
(1) The theoretical models of vehicle-track were summarized.Based on this,the moving train load can be supposed to be harmonic load.Also,the vehicle-track model was built by means of ADAMS/Rail,in which the effect of ground was considered by flexibility bearing based on the property of the foundation.The dynamic analysis of vehicle-track-ground system was performed under track irregularity exciting and the wheel-track force was obtained.
(2) The characteristics of elastic wave propagation in soil have been investigated theoretically.On the basis of Rayleigh wave scattering theory,the object of this study was limited to the passive isolation in far field.
(3) Five types of wave barriers were analyzed numerically,which included:open trench,in-filled trench,multi-row piles,rigid wall and two-row piles with honeycomb cross section.
(4)The isolation effect of open trenches was much more sensitive to the material than to the depth.
(5) The isolation effect of multi-row piles was sensitive to the number of rows .It was complex dependent on a great number of factors.There was a shield area after the barrier,the isolation effect was sound in the shield area.
(6)The isolation effect of rigid wall barrier to low frequency vibration was similar to open trench barrier.
(7) The isolation effect of piles with honeycomb cross section was sensitive to the material property between the chamber enclosed by the piles.
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