多电平变换器脉宽调制及其非线性控制方法研究
摘要
随着电力电子装置的广泛应用,给电网注入了大量谐波及无功,造成了严重的电网“污染”,因此消除谐波污染并提高功率因数已成为电力电子技术的一个热门研究方向。PWM整流器(VSR)具有功率因数高、电流畸变小、输出电压可调及能量可双向流动等优点,受到了人们广泛的关注。而多电平技术由于可以降低开关管的耐压值、减小器件电压应力、优化输出波形、提高系统功率等级等明显的优势,得到了飞速的发展。本文主要对单相和三相多电平变流器拓扑脉宽调制方法(PWM)及其非线性控制方法进行研究,为其在中高压大功率场合的应用提供研究基础。
针对目前单相多电平逆变器大多采用载波调制方法,存在数字实现复杂,且不易对中点电位进行控制的缺点,本文提出了一种单相二极管箝位型三电平逆变器空间矢量脉宽调制方法,实现了中点电位的精确控制,且易于DSP编程实现。以减少功率器件开关频率和直流侧电容电压平衡为控制目标,优化选择了输出电压矢量作用顺序,采用首发矢量为正(负)小矢量的五段式最优脉宽调制方法,提出了根据负载电流方向和直流侧两个电容电压的大小,调整正负小矢量的作用时间来精确控制电容中点电位的策略。将该调制方法拓展应用于级联H桥拓扑,并进行了仿真和实验验证。
本文对三相二极管箝位型三电平逆变器提出了一种基于虚拟矢量的简化空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)方法,使得矢量作用时间计算得到简化,且较好的解决了传统SVPWM直流侧电容电压存在低频振荡的问题,并进行了仿真和实验验证。
将本文提出的单相二极管箝位型三电平逆变器空间矢量脉宽调制方法拓展应用于几种混合多电平拓扑结构。对单相不对称二极管箝位型拓扑、单相3单元级联H桥拓扑、单DC两单元H桥拓扑和三相混合级联H桥拓扑进行了深入分析,并采用本文提出的单相空间矢量脉宽调制方法进行了仿真实验。基于该调制方法,单相不对称二极管箝位型拓扑可以结合不同开关器件的优点,充分发挥了开关速度较快和耐压值较高的器件的特性。而单DC两单元H桥拓扑直流侧仅需单个直流电源,减小了装置的体积。基于本文提出的脉宽调制方法,单相3单元级联H桥和三相混合级联H桥拓扑输出也取得了较好的效果,具有较好的应用价值。
本文根据单相电压型二极管箝位型三电平逆变器Euler-Lagrange数学模型,选取系统能量函数为Lyapunov函数,给出了其无源性控制方法的推导过程,并从理论上证明了其稳定性。该方法物理意义明确,能保持大范围稳定,且系统能具有较好的静动态性能。搭建了单相二极管箝位型三电平逆变器实验样机,进行了实验验证。
本文对单相二极管箝位型三电平、二极管箝位型不对称三电平和级联H桥两单元三电平三种单相整流器拓扑进行了深入研究,详细分析了其工作原理和数学模型,对三种拓扑结构直流侧电容电压不平衡原因进行了深入分析,且分别给出了其中点电位控制方法,并对三种拓扑进行了分析比较。选取系统的能量函数作为李亚普诺夫函数,对单相二极管箝位型三电平整流器拓扑推导出一种基于Lyapunov直接法的非线性控制方法,结合本文提出的单相三电平SVPWM方法,有效地解决了整流器系统全局大范围稳定性问题,实现了整流器高品质输出电压的快速调节和单位功率因数。
将瞬时功率理论用于三相三电平PWM整流器闭环控制系统,结合无源性控制方法,直接应用李亚普诺夫稳定性理论,对三相二极管箝位型三电平整流器提出了一种新型无源性功率控制方法,能实现有功和无功功率的解耦控制,系统具有固定的开关频率,对参数变化、外来摄动以及未建模误差有较强的鲁棒性,物理意义明确,系统能保持系统大范围稳定,且具有较好的静动态性能。
最后,以TMS320F2812为控制核心,设计了一台二极管箝位型三相三电平小功率实验样机,并完成了相关的实验研究,大量的仿真和实验结果验证了本文所提理论的正确性和可行性。
With the extensive application of power electronic devices, a large number of harmonics current and reactive power is injected into power grid, resulting in a serious power "pollution", thus eliminating the harmonic pollution and improving the power factor has become a hot research direction in the field of power electronics. Voltage source rectifier (VSR) is used increasingly in a wide diversity of applications in recent years, as it can provide constant DC bus voltage, low harmonic distortion of the utility currents, bidirectional power flow, and controllable power factor. And multi-level technology has made rapid development, as it can reduce the switch device voltage stress, the output voltage would be improved, low switching frequency, the rate of power will be increased and so on. In this paper, the major objective of the research is to investigate the pulse-width-modulation (PWM) method and its nonlinear control method of single-phase and three-phase multi-level converter topology, and provide the research basis for its application in high-voltage, high-power occasions.
View of the single-phase multilevel inverter almost used carrier modulation method, it is difficult to control the mid-point potential precisely, and hard to implement digitally. In this paper, a space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithm is proposed for the single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter. In order to reduce the power device switching frequency and balancing the capacitor voltage, a optimal PWM method which positive or negative small vectors are adopted as first active vector is proposed. The cause of the imbalance of the capacitor voltage in DC-side is analyzed and the strategy of changing the voltage adjusting coefficient to adjust the effective time of the positive and the negative small vectors to control the neutral point potential balance is proposed, which is based on the detection of the direction of the load current and the capacitor voltage, and this modulation method is also applied to the cascaded H-bridge, simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed modulation method.
In this paper, a simplified SVPWM based on the virtual voltage vector is proposed for the three-phase three-level NPC inverter. It makes the calculation to be simplified and solve the problem of capacitor voltage low frequency oscillation effectively, and simulation and experimental results are carried out to verify the theoretical analyses.
The SVPWM which is proposed for single-phase diode clamped three-level inverter is applied to several hybrid multilevel topologies. The single-phase asymmetry diode clamped three-level topology, single-phase three units cascaded H-bridge topology, single-DC two units H-bridge topology and three-phase hybrid cascaded H-bridge topology are analyzed in detail, and some simulation experiments which are based on the proposed modulation method are carried out. Based on the modulation method, the single-phase diode clamped asymmetric three-level topology can combine the advantage of different switching devices, it can permits faster devices and high voltage devices operation in synergism. The single-DC two units H-bridge topology only needs a single DC power supply, and it can reduce the size of the device. The output voltage of single-phase three units H-bridge and three-phase hybrid cascaded H-bridge topology also achieves good results under the proposed PWM method proposed in this paper, and they have good application value.
Based on the Euler-Lagrange (EL) mathematical model of the single-phase three-level voltage source inverter, energy function of the system is selected as the Lyapunov function. The passivity-based (PB) method is derived and the stability of the system is proved. This method has clear physical meaning, can maintain a wide range of stability, and the whole system has good static and dynamic performance. A single-phase diode clamped three-level experimental prototype is built, and the experimental results verify the validity of theoretical analyses.
In this paper, the topology of sing-phase diode clamped three-level, asymmetric diode clamped three-level and cascade H-bridge three-level are analyzed in detail, including its working principle and mathematical model. The reasons of capacitor voltage imbalance in DC side are also analyzed, and the methods are given for the midpoint voltage balance respectively. The energy function of the system is selected as a Lyapunov function, and a nonlinear control strategy based on the Lyapunov’s direct method is deduced for single-phase diode clamped three-level rectifier topology. The converter can be stabilized globally to handle large signal disturbances, and exhibits high-quality output voltage and unity power factor.
A new type of passive power control strategy is derived for three-phase three-level NPC rectifier, which combined with the instantaneous power theory and the passivity-based control methods. The proposed strategy which is based on the Lyapunov’s direct method can achieve decoupling control of active and reactive power. The whole system has a fixed switching frequency, and has strong robustness about parameter variations, external perturbation, as well as no modeling error. The method has clear physical meaning, can maintain a wide range of system stable and has good static and dynamic performance.
Finally, low power diode clamped NPC three-level converter experimental prototype is made based on the microprocessor TMS320F2812, extensive simulation and experiment are carried out in order to validate above theories.
针对目前单相多电平逆变器大多采用载波调制方法,存在数字实现复杂,且不易对中点电位进行控制的缺点,本文提出了一种单相二极管箝位型三电平逆变器空间矢量脉宽调制方法,实现了中点电位的精确控制,且易于DSP编程实现。以减少功率器件开关频率和直流侧电容电压平衡为控制目标,优化选择了输出电压矢量作用顺序,采用首发矢量为正(负)小矢量的五段式最优脉宽调制方法,提出了根据负载电流方向和直流侧两个电容电压的大小,调整正负小矢量的作用时间来精确控制电容中点电位的策略。将该调制方法拓展应用于级联H桥拓扑,并进行了仿真和实验验证。
本文对三相二极管箝位型三电平逆变器提出了一种基于虚拟矢量的简化空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)方法,使得矢量作用时间计算得到简化,且较好的解决了传统SVPWM直流侧电容电压存在低频振荡的问题,并进行了仿真和实验验证。
将本文提出的单相二极管箝位型三电平逆变器空间矢量脉宽调制方法拓展应用于几种混合多电平拓扑结构。对单相不对称二极管箝位型拓扑、单相3单元级联H桥拓扑、单DC两单元H桥拓扑和三相混合级联H桥拓扑进行了深入分析,并采用本文提出的单相空间矢量脉宽调制方法进行了仿真实验。基于该调制方法,单相不对称二极管箝位型拓扑可以结合不同开关器件的优点,充分发挥了开关速度较快和耐压值较高的器件的特性。而单DC两单元H桥拓扑直流侧仅需单个直流电源,减小了装置的体积。基于本文提出的脉宽调制方法,单相3单元级联H桥和三相混合级联H桥拓扑输出也取得了较好的效果,具有较好的应用价值。
本文根据单相电压型二极管箝位型三电平逆变器Euler-Lagrange数学模型,选取系统能量函数为Lyapunov函数,给出了其无源性控制方法的推导过程,并从理论上证明了其稳定性。该方法物理意义明确,能保持大范围稳定,且系统能具有较好的静动态性能。搭建了单相二极管箝位型三电平逆变器实验样机,进行了实验验证。
本文对单相二极管箝位型三电平、二极管箝位型不对称三电平和级联H桥两单元三电平三种单相整流器拓扑进行了深入研究,详细分析了其工作原理和数学模型,对三种拓扑结构直流侧电容电压不平衡原因进行了深入分析,且分别给出了其中点电位控制方法,并对三种拓扑进行了分析比较。选取系统的能量函数作为李亚普诺夫函数,对单相二极管箝位型三电平整流器拓扑推导出一种基于Lyapunov直接法的非线性控制方法,结合本文提出的单相三电平SVPWM方法,有效地解决了整流器系统全局大范围稳定性问题,实现了整流器高品质输出电压的快速调节和单位功率因数。
将瞬时功率理论用于三相三电平PWM整流器闭环控制系统,结合无源性控制方法,直接应用李亚普诺夫稳定性理论,对三相二极管箝位型三电平整流器提出了一种新型无源性功率控制方法,能实现有功和无功功率的解耦控制,系统具有固定的开关频率,对参数变化、外来摄动以及未建模误差有较强的鲁棒性,物理意义明确,系统能保持系统大范围稳定,且具有较好的静动态性能。
最后,以TMS320F2812为控制核心,设计了一台二极管箝位型三相三电平小功率实验样机,并完成了相关的实验研究,大量的仿真和实验结果验证了本文所提理论的正确性和可行性。
With the extensive application of power electronic devices, a large number of harmonics current and reactive power is injected into power grid, resulting in a serious power "pollution", thus eliminating the harmonic pollution and improving the power factor has become a hot research direction in the field of power electronics. Voltage source rectifier (VSR) is used increasingly in a wide diversity of applications in recent years, as it can provide constant DC bus voltage, low harmonic distortion of the utility currents, bidirectional power flow, and controllable power factor. And multi-level technology has made rapid development, as it can reduce the switch device voltage stress, the output voltage would be improved, low switching frequency, the rate of power will be increased and so on. In this paper, the major objective of the research is to investigate the pulse-width-modulation (PWM) method and its nonlinear control method of single-phase and three-phase multi-level converter topology, and provide the research basis for its application in high-voltage, high-power occasions.
View of the single-phase multilevel inverter almost used carrier modulation method, it is difficult to control the mid-point potential precisely, and hard to implement digitally. In this paper, a space vector PWM (SVPWM) algorithm is proposed for the single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter. In order to reduce the power device switching frequency and balancing the capacitor voltage, a optimal PWM method which positive or negative small vectors are adopted as first active vector is proposed. The cause of the imbalance of the capacitor voltage in DC-side is analyzed and the strategy of changing the voltage adjusting coefficient to adjust the effective time of the positive and the negative small vectors to control the neutral point potential balance is proposed, which is based on the detection of the direction of the load current and the capacitor voltage, and this modulation method is also applied to the cascaded H-bridge, simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed modulation method.
In this paper, a simplified SVPWM based on the virtual voltage vector is proposed for the three-phase three-level NPC inverter. It makes the calculation to be simplified and solve the problem of capacitor voltage low frequency oscillation effectively, and simulation and experimental results are carried out to verify the theoretical analyses.
The SVPWM which is proposed for single-phase diode clamped three-level inverter is applied to several hybrid multilevel topologies. The single-phase asymmetry diode clamped three-level topology, single-phase three units cascaded H-bridge topology, single-DC two units H-bridge topology and three-phase hybrid cascaded H-bridge topology are analyzed in detail, and some simulation experiments which are based on the proposed modulation method are carried out. Based on the modulation method, the single-phase diode clamped asymmetric three-level topology can combine the advantage of different switching devices, it can permits faster devices and high voltage devices operation in synergism. The single-DC two units H-bridge topology only needs a single DC power supply, and it can reduce the size of the device. The output voltage of single-phase three units H-bridge and three-phase hybrid cascaded H-bridge topology also achieves good results under the proposed PWM method proposed in this paper, and they have good application value.
Based on the Euler-Lagrange (EL) mathematical model of the single-phase three-level voltage source inverter, energy function of the system is selected as the Lyapunov function. The passivity-based (PB) method is derived and the stability of the system is proved. This method has clear physical meaning, can maintain a wide range of stability, and the whole system has good static and dynamic performance. A single-phase diode clamped three-level experimental prototype is built, and the experimental results verify the validity of theoretical analyses.
In this paper, the topology of sing-phase diode clamped three-level, asymmetric diode clamped three-level and cascade H-bridge three-level are analyzed in detail, including its working principle and mathematical model. The reasons of capacitor voltage imbalance in DC side are also analyzed, and the methods are given for the midpoint voltage balance respectively. The energy function of the system is selected as a Lyapunov function, and a nonlinear control strategy based on the Lyapunov’s direct method is deduced for single-phase diode clamped three-level rectifier topology. The converter can be stabilized globally to handle large signal disturbances, and exhibits high-quality output voltage and unity power factor.
A new type of passive power control strategy is derived for three-phase three-level NPC rectifier, which combined with the instantaneous power theory and the passivity-based control methods. The proposed strategy which is based on the Lyapunov’s direct method can achieve decoupling control of active and reactive power. The whole system has a fixed switching frequency, and has strong robustness about parameter variations, external perturbation, as well as no modeling error. The method has clear physical meaning, can maintain a wide range of system stable and has good static and dynamic performance.
Finally, low power diode clamped NPC three-level converter experimental prototype is made based on the microprocessor TMS320F2812, extensive simulation and experiment are carried out in order to validate above theories.
引文
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