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高品质棉花渝棉一号不同部位棉铃发育及其调节机理的研究
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摘要
本论文以高品质棉花渝棉一号为材料,通过密度、肥料和DPC化控等不同水平的调节,从不同部位棉铃的源库活性、内源激素、铃壳中养分运转、棉花品质等方面着手研究高品质棉花渝棉一号不同部位的棉铃发育及其调节机理。主要结果如下:
     1、铃壳中可溶性总糖等营养物质不能及时充分地向外运输,大量滞留在铃壳中,有可能导致渝棉一号铃壳变厚,吐絮不畅。渝棉一号中部棉铃花后30~40天内,上部棉铃花后20~50天内铃壳中IAA的含量和中上部棉铃开花当天铃壳中ZR的含量较高,可能不利于铃壳中可溶性总糖外运,促进了铃壳的生长,有可能是导致渝棉一号铃壳较厚的原因之一。
     2、在密度为2500株/亩、施氮20Kg/亩的基础上,配合DPC化控2次诱导和促进了内源激素GA_3、IAA、ZR向有利于促进铃壳中可溶性总糖向外运输方向的转变,最为明显的是提高了中、上部棉铃花后20天铃壳中GA_3的含量、降低了中部棉铃花后30~40天内,上部棉铃花后20~50天内铃壳中IAA的含量、使得花后20~50天的中部棉铃ZR含量得以提高,可能有利于促进铃壳中可溶性总糖外运,促进铃壳变薄。而DPC化控4次处理铃壳中可溶性总糖向外输出较少,特别是上部铃壳中可溶性总糖向外输出少,使得可溶性总糖大量滞留在铃壳中,导致铃壳变厚。
     3、在密度为2500株/亩、施氮20Kg/亩的基础上,配合DPC化控2次能促进棉株对矿质元素N、P、K的吸收、积累与分配。提高了中上部棉铃对位果枝叶中叶绿素、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白含量;促使棉铃体积、籽棉重量和纤维量快速增长期延长,为纤维品质和产量的同步提高提供了源库生理基础。
     4、渝棉一号对钾的需求量特别大,因此在密度为2500株/亩、施氮20Kg/亩、施磷肥(过磷酸钙)40kg/亩和钾肥(氯化钾)15kg/亩的基础上,增施钾肥,配合DPC化控2次能促进铃壳中可溶性总糖外运,促进铃壳变薄,吐絮顺畅,提高铃重、单铃经济系数和纤维品质。
With high quality cotton Yuma No. 1 (Gossipier Hirsutum. L) as the testing material, different combinations of population density, fertilizer and DPC chemical spraying were adopted to study the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone contents, the vigor of source-sink and the nutrient transportations from boll walls to lint cotton as well as fiber qualities on different positions. The main results were as follows:
    1. The transportation stagnation of nutritional materials such as soluble sugar led to thicker boll walls, split difficultly. Higher IAA content was found in the boll walls both on the middle part of cotton plants during the period of 30-40 days after anthesis and on the upper part of cotton plants during the period of 20-50 days after anthesis respectively. And higher ZR content was also detected in the bolls wall on the middle and upper part of cotton plant on the anthesis date. These might be the factors that led to thicker boll walls by hindering the transportations of nutritional materials such as soluble sugar.
    2. By adopting suitable population (2500 plants/666.67 m2), nitrogen (20kg/666.67 nr) and DPC spraying (twice), higher GA3 content was induced in the boll walls on the middle and upper part of cotton plants 20 days after anthesis, lower IAA contents were
    
    
    found in the boll walls both on the middle part of cotton plants during 30-40 days and the upper part of cotton plants during 20~50 days. Meanwhile higher ZR content was also detected in the boll walls on the middle of cotton plants during 20-50 days after anthesis. All these are beneficial to the transportation of soluble sugar from bolls wall to lint yield. While more soluble sugar is stagnated in boll walls (especially boll walls on the upper part of cotton plants) by spraying DPC four times, which led to thicker boll walls.
    3. By adopting suitable population (2500 plants/666.67 m2), nitrogen (20kg/666.67 m2) and DPC spraying (twice), the assimilation, accumulation, distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were promoted in the cotton plants. The contents of chlorophylla, free amino acids and soluble proteins in fruit leaves on the middle and upper part of cotton plants were increased significantly as well, which prolonged the rapid-increasing stages of boll volume, lint cotton and fiber weight, and laid a solid source-sink physiological foundation for fiber yield and quality.
    4. More potassium was needed for the growth of Yumian No. 1. On the basis of adopting suitable population (2500 plants/666.67 m2), nitrogen (20kg/666.67 m:), phosphorus (40Kg/666.7 m:), potassium(15Kg/666.7 m2), two times of DPC spraying and more potassium, All these are beneficial to the transportation of soluble sugar from bolls wall to lint yield, which led to thinner boll walls, split easily, lint cotton, economic quantity of boll and fiber quality were increased significantly as well.
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