基于质量补偿的电阻式棉花水分测量方法的研究与试验
摘要
棉花的含水率是影响棉花加工质量的一个关键参数，也是棉花加工质量监控系统中的一项重要控制参考量。为实现对棉花含水率的快速准确测量，本文提出了一种基于质量补偿的电阻式棉花水分测量方法，并进行了试验验证。
在对一般的电阻式棉花水分测量原理分析的基础上，针对国内现有电阻式棉花水分测量仪无法满足现场在线测量及质量取样不均的现状，本文重点就基于质量补偿的电阻式棉花水分测量中的质量补偿、快速性、极板以及电阻测量方法进行研究。通过测量不同质量的棉花压紧时极板距离估算棉花的质量大小，并对测量结果进行质量补偿；将装置直接置于棉花管道中实现电阻式水分测量的快速性；采用多通道极板完成一次压紧同时测量多个点；测量棉花电阻与电容构成的RC回路对正弦信号的相位差得到实际棉花的含水率。
设计并完成了一个基于Philips 80c552单片机的硬件测控平台，并用单片机80C51的C语言完成系统软件的编写。利用8253的计数功能测量通过棉花RC电路前后的两路信号的相位差完成对棉花含水率的测量；借助单片机的计算功能，利用AD590的电流随温度线性变化的特点测量温度，从而对测量结果进行温度补偿；利用3503U的电流随磁铁距离的线性变化特点测量极板位移，实现对测量结果的质量补偿；利用霍尔器件的磁敏特性实现了对电机运动位置的自动判断；棉花的自动压紧和松开由单片机控制交流异步电机实现；系统与棉花监控系统的主控主机相互间的的串行通信，具有了通过上位机自动测量的能力。
完成了系统温度标定、极板距离标定、含水率标定的试验，校验了测量系统的可重复性，并通过试验拟合出了温度、质量对测量结果影响的公式。
The moisture content of cotton, which has a significant effect on the process of cotton, is an important controlling parameter in the quality monitor system for process of lint. In order to measure the data of moisture content fleetly and truly, this paper developes a resistance-type measuring method for cotton moisture based on mass compensation, and completes the experimentation.
On the basis of studying the traditional measuring resistance-type method for cotton moisture completely, in order to solve the problems include varied mass of cotton in filed measurement and on-line measurement, this paper researches four aspects of the measuring method, includes the compensation by the mass, the speediness, the design of the measuring board, and the measuring method of resistance. The system needs to compensate the moisture content by the mass with the measurement of the displacement of the measuring board, in which cotton with different mass is placed. It gains the speediness by fixing the equipment in the cotton tract. It measures several points once the compaction is completed. It obtains the cotton moisture by measuring the phase difference of the sine signals, one of which passes the RC loop composed by cotton and capacity.
This paper designs a new hardware platform founded on the single-chip microcomputer named Philips 80c552, and completes the software by C Program Language for 80C51 single-chip microcomputer. The hardware platform can press out cotton by controlling an AC asynchronous motor. It can judge the situation of the movement of the motor with the magnetic sensitivity of Holl device. Utilizing the counter of the chipset 8253, the system can attain the cotton moisture by measuring the phase difference of the two signals. In virtue of the calculating function of the single-chip microcomputer, it compensates the reading with temperature obtained by AD590，whose output current is linear with the temperature, and with displacement gained by 3503U, whose output current is linear with the displacement. The system can be controlled to measure automatically by the main host computer of the quality monitor system with the serial
communication.
When the design for the software and hardware of the meter was finished, the system is tested by temperature calibration, mass calibration, and moisture calibration. The repeatable precision is also tested, and the formuna of the effect from temperature and mass on moisture is established.
在对一般的电阻式棉花水分测量原理分析的基础上，针对国内现有电阻式棉花水分测量仪无法满足现场在线测量及质量取样不均的现状，本文重点就基于质量补偿的电阻式棉花水分测量中的质量补偿、快速性、极板以及电阻测量方法进行研究。通过测量不同质量的棉花压紧时极板距离估算棉花的质量大小，并对测量结果进行质量补偿；将装置直接置于棉花管道中实现电阻式水分测量的快速性；采用多通道极板完成一次压紧同时测量多个点；测量棉花电阻与电容构成的RC回路对正弦信号的相位差得到实际棉花的含水率。
设计并完成了一个基于Philips 80c552单片机的硬件测控平台，并用单片机80C51的C语言完成系统软件的编写。利用8253的计数功能测量通过棉花RC电路前后的两路信号的相位差完成对棉花含水率的测量；借助单片机的计算功能，利用AD590的电流随温度线性变化的特点测量温度，从而对测量结果进行温度补偿；利用3503U的电流随磁铁距离的线性变化特点测量极板位移，实现对测量结果的质量补偿；利用霍尔器件的磁敏特性实现了对电机运动位置的自动判断；棉花的自动压紧和松开由单片机控制交流异步电机实现；系统与棉花监控系统的主控主机相互间的的串行通信，具有了通过上位机自动测量的能力。
完成了系统温度标定、极板距离标定、含水率标定的试验，校验了测量系统的可重复性，并通过试验拟合出了温度、质量对测量结果影响的公式。
The moisture content of cotton, which has a significant effect on the process of cotton, is an important controlling parameter in the quality monitor system for process of lint. In order to measure the data of moisture content fleetly and truly, this paper developes a resistance-type measuring method for cotton moisture based on mass compensation, and completes the experimentation.
On the basis of studying the traditional measuring resistance-type method for cotton moisture completely, in order to solve the problems include varied mass of cotton in filed measurement and on-line measurement, this paper researches four aspects of the measuring method, includes the compensation by the mass, the speediness, the design of the measuring board, and the measuring method of resistance. The system needs to compensate the moisture content by the mass with the measurement of the displacement of the measuring board, in which cotton with different mass is placed. It gains the speediness by fixing the equipment in the cotton tract. It measures several points once the compaction is completed. It obtains the cotton moisture by measuring the phase difference of the sine signals, one of which passes the RC loop composed by cotton and capacity.
This paper designs a new hardware platform founded on the single-chip microcomputer named Philips 80c552, and completes the software by C Program Language for 80C51 single-chip microcomputer. The hardware platform can press out cotton by controlling an AC asynchronous motor. It can judge the situation of the movement of the motor with the magnetic sensitivity of Holl device. Utilizing the counter of the chipset 8253, the system can attain the cotton moisture by measuring the phase difference of the two signals. In virtue of the calculating function of the single-chip microcomputer, it compensates the reading with temperature obtained by AD590，whose output current is linear with the temperature, and with displacement gained by 3503U, whose output current is linear with the displacement. The system can be controlled to measure automatically by the main host computer of the quality monitor system with the serial
communication.
When the design for the software and hardware of the meter was finished, the system is tested by temperature calibration, mass calibration, and moisture calibration. The repeatable precision is also tested, and the formuna of the effect from temperature and mass on moisture is established.
引文
1. 张文翔，基于模糊推理的棉花加工质量监控系统的研究，[硕士学位论文]. 北京：清华大学精密仪器与机械学系，1998
2. Richard Kingswood Kelly, Krzysztof Marian Kuchar, Method and means for moisture measurement, United States Patent 6278412, Aug 21,2001
3. M.S. Moran, A. Vidal, Combining multifrequency microwave and optical data for crop management, Remote Sensing of Environ- ment, Jul 1997, P96-109.
4. 罗秉泽、刘重光，微波测湿实用技术，电子工业出版社，1990年3月。
5. W.S Anthony, Field Evaluation of Infrared Moisture Meters, Applied Engineering in Agriculture, Sep 1991, P509-514.
6. V.I. Tsaryuk, A.V. Frantsesson, Infrared study of the water contained in cellulose, Polymer Science USSR, v33 n2 1991 P260 -267
7. R.A. Taylor, Moisture Analysis for HVI Testing of Cotton, Textile Research Journal, Feb 1990, P94-102.
8. Steve Moffet, Paul Mohr, Cotton Moisture Meter, United States Patent 6275046, Aug 14,2001
9. J.A.Thomasson，Cotton Moisture Measurement with A Black-and-white Video Camera，Applied Engineering in Agriculture，Jan 1995，P371-375.
10. Richard.K.Byler，Resistivity of Cotton Lint for Moisture Sensing，Transaction of the ASAE，May-Jun1998，P877-882.
11. R.K.Byler，W.S.Anthony，Application of a Resistance Moisture Meter to HVI Strengh Measurement，Transaction of the ASAE，Nov-Dec1998，P1577-1582.
12. Richard K. Byler, William S. Anthony, System For Analyzing Moisture Content of Materials such as Cotton, United States Patent 5,514,973, May 7,1996.
13. 何秋蕊译. 棉花加工手册. 商业部郑州棉麻加工研究所，1982
14. Hossein M. Ghorashi, Michael E. Galyon, T. Vaughn Blalock, Moisture Sensor, United States Patent 6,020,744, Feb 1,2000.
15. M.N. Gillum, C.B. Armijo, Comparing transducer type on a roller gin stand feed control, Transactions of the ASAE Mar-Apr 1998, P315-321.
16. G.L. Barker, J.W. Laird, Temperature effects on cotton lint moisture regain rates, Transactions of the ASAE, Mar-Apr 1992 p435-441.
17. G.L. Barker, J.W. Laird, Effect of temperature on the drying rate of gin run cotton seed, Transactions of the ASAE, July-Aug 1997, p891-896.
18. 张福学，现代实用传感器电路，中国计量出版社，1996年11月
19. A.H. Waldie, S.E. Hughs, M.N. Gillum, Electronic moisture sensor performance in commercial gin environments, Transactions of the ASAE, Sept-Oct 1984, p1600-1602.
20. E.C.克里切夫斯基主编，李福彬译，水分检测的原理与装置，中国计量出版社，1986年10月。
21. A.H. Waldie, S.E. Hughs, M.N. Gillum, Automatic moisture sensor for measurement and control of cotton ginning processes，Journal of Engineering for Industry, Transactions ASME, Feb 1983 p27-30
22. 刘旭平，轧花系统自动控制仪的研制及其控制方法的研究，[硕士学位论文]. 北京：清华大学精密仪器与机械学系，1997
23. 顾启泰，系统设计与仿真，清华大学出版社，1995年7月
24. Don Osias, Robert G. Curley, Clay R. Brooks, Results of filed tests comparing a prototype automated moisture meter with hand operated moisture meters for seed cotton. Paper-American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1986, p145-166.
25. G. L. Barker, J.W. Laird, B.J. Wieck, Moisture transfer rates for cotton trash components, Transactions of the ASAE Jan-Feb 1995, p51-56.
26. W. S. Anthony, Measurement of cotton moisture with infrared sensors, Applied Engineering in Agriculture May 1986 p25-29.
27. G.H. Abernathy, S.E. Hughs, M.N. Gilium, Improvements of equilibrium moisture content models for cotton, Transactions of the ASAE, Mar-Apr 1994, p561-569.
28. M.S. Moran, A. Vidal, Combining multifrequency microwave and optical data for crop management, Remote Sensing of Environment, Jul 1997, p96-109.
29. 滕召胜，棉花水分快速测定的影响因素与改善方法，中国棉花，2000年，第一期，p33－34
30. R.K.Byler, W.S.Anthony, 李宏志译，新型便携式棉花水分测试仪，中国棉花实加工，2001年01期，p44－45
31. 李建民, 李宏志，棉花水分测量及相关标准问题研究，中国棉花实加工，1999年03期 ，p4－6
32. 杨孝千，棉花水分检验的问题和建议，中国棉花实加工，1995年02期 ，p80－81
33. P.A.von Guggenberg, J.R.Melcher, A Three-Wavelength Flexible Sensoro for Monitoring the Moisture Content of Transformer Pressboard, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials July 8-12,1991 Tokyo,Japan
34. Mehmet Dokmeci, Khalil Najafi, A High-Sensitivity Polyimide Capacitive Relative Humidity Sensor for monitoring Anodically Bonded Hermetic Micropackages,Journal of Microelectromechanical System, vol10,No.2, June 2001
35. Asad Haider, Jody Brookshire, Y.Richard Kuan, Implementation of an in situ moisture sensor to improve utilzation and performance of a Rapid Thermal Processor, IEEE, 1997
36. J.Balendonck, M.A. Hilhorst, Application of an Intelligent Dielectric Sensor for Soil Water Content, Electrical Conductivity and Temperature,IEEE instrmentation and Measurement Technology Conference Budapest, Hungary, May21-23,2001
37. 张友德，飞利浦80C51系列单片机原理与应用技术手册，北京航空航天大学出版社，1992年8月
38. 马中梅，单片机的C语言应用程序设计，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999年4月
39. 童诗白，华成英主编，模拟电子技术基础，高等教育出版社，2001年
40. 杜民，方志成，新型水分快速测定仪器的研究，仪器仪表学报，1997年10月，18卷5期，p486－491
2. Richard Kingswood Kelly, Krzysztof Marian Kuchar, Method and means for moisture measurement, United States Patent 6278412, Aug 21,2001
3. M.S. Moran, A. Vidal, Combining multifrequency microwave and optical data for crop management, Remote Sensing of Environ- ment, Jul 1997, P96-109.
4. 罗秉泽、刘重光，微波测湿实用技术，电子工业出版社，1990年3月。
5. W.S Anthony, Field Evaluation of Infrared Moisture Meters, Applied Engineering in Agriculture, Sep 1991, P509-514.
6. V.I. Tsaryuk, A.V. Frantsesson, Infrared study of the water contained in cellulose, Polymer Science USSR, v33 n2 1991 P260 -267
7. R.A. Taylor, Moisture Analysis for HVI Testing of Cotton, Textile Research Journal, Feb 1990, P94-102.
8. Steve Moffet, Paul Mohr, Cotton Moisture Meter, United States Patent 6275046, Aug 14,2001
9. J.A.Thomasson，Cotton Moisture Measurement with A Black-and-white Video Camera，Applied Engineering in Agriculture，Jan 1995，P371-375.
10. Richard.K.Byler，Resistivity of Cotton Lint for Moisture Sensing，Transaction of the ASAE，May-Jun1998，P877-882.
11. R.K.Byler，W.S.Anthony，Application of a Resistance Moisture Meter to HVI Strengh Measurement，Transaction of the ASAE，Nov-Dec1998，P1577-1582.
12. Richard K. Byler, William S. Anthony, System For Analyzing Moisture Content of Materials such as Cotton, United States Patent 5,514,973, May 7,1996.
13. 何秋蕊译. 棉花加工手册. 商业部郑州棉麻加工研究所，1982
14. Hossein M. Ghorashi, Michael E. Galyon, T. Vaughn Blalock, Moisture Sensor, United States Patent 6,020,744, Feb 1,2000.
15. M.N. Gillum, C.B. Armijo, Comparing transducer type on a roller gin stand feed control, Transactions of the ASAE Mar-Apr 1998, P315-321.
16. G.L. Barker, J.W. Laird, Temperature effects on cotton lint moisture regain rates, Transactions of the ASAE, Mar-Apr 1992 p435-441.
17. G.L. Barker, J.W. Laird, Effect of temperature on the drying rate of gin run cotton seed, Transactions of the ASAE, July-Aug 1997, p891-896.
18. 张福学，现代实用传感器电路，中国计量出版社，1996年11月
19. A.H. Waldie, S.E. Hughs, M.N. Gillum, Electronic moisture sensor performance in commercial gin environments, Transactions of the ASAE, Sept-Oct 1984, p1600-1602.
20. E.C.克里切夫斯基主编，李福彬译，水分检测的原理与装置，中国计量出版社，1986年10月。
21. A.H. Waldie, S.E. Hughs, M.N. Gillum, Automatic moisture sensor for measurement and control of cotton ginning processes，Journal of Engineering for Industry, Transactions ASME, Feb 1983 p27-30
22. 刘旭平，轧花系统自动控制仪的研制及其控制方法的研究，[硕士学位论文]. 北京：清华大学精密仪器与机械学系，1997
23. 顾启泰，系统设计与仿真，清华大学出版社，1995年7月
24. Don Osias, Robert G. Curley, Clay R. Brooks, Results of filed tests comparing a prototype automated moisture meter with hand operated moisture meters for seed cotton. Paper-American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1986, p145-166.
25. G. L. Barker, J.W. Laird, B.J. Wieck, Moisture transfer rates for cotton trash components, Transactions of the ASAE Jan-Feb 1995, p51-56.
26. W. S. Anthony, Measurement of cotton moisture with infrared sensors, Applied Engineering in Agriculture May 1986 p25-29.
27. G.H. Abernathy, S.E. Hughs, M.N. Gilium, Improvements of equilibrium moisture content models for cotton, Transactions of the ASAE, Mar-Apr 1994, p561-569.
28. M.S. Moran, A. Vidal, Combining multifrequency microwave and optical data for crop management, Remote Sensing of Environment, Jul 1997, p96-109.
29. 滕召胜，棉花水分快速测定的影响因素与改善方法，中国棉花，2000年，第一期，p33－34
30. R.K.Byler, W.S.Anthony, 李宏志译，新型便携式棉花水分测试仪，中国棉花实加工，2001年01期，p44－45
31. 李建民, 李宏志，棉花水分测量及相关标准问题研究，中国棉花实加工，1999年03期 ，p4－6
32. 杨孝千，棉花水分检验的问题和建议，中国棉花实加工，1995年02期 ，p80－81
33. P.A.von Guggenberg, J.R.Melcher, A Three-Wavelength Flexible Sensoro for Monitoring the Moisture Content of Transformer Pressboard, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials July 8-12,1991 Tokyo,Japan
34. Mehmet Dokmeci, Khalil Najafi, A High-Sensitivity Polyimide Capacitive Relative Humidity Sensor for monitoring Anodically Bonded Hermetic Micropackages,Journal of Microelectromechanical System, vol10,No.2, June 2001
35. Asad Haider, Jody Brookshire, Y.Richard Kuan, Implementation of an in situ moisture sensor to improve utilzation and performance of a Rapid Thermal Processor, IEEE, 1997
36. J.Balendonck, M.A. Hilhorst, Application of an Intelligent Dielectric Sensor for Soil Water Content, Electrical Conductivity and Temperature,IEEE instrmentation and Measurement Technology Conference Budapest, Hungary, May21-23,2001
37. 张友德，飞利浦80C51系列单片机原理与应用技术手册，北京航空航天大学出版社，1992年8月
38. 马中梅，单片机的C语言应用程序设计，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999年4月
39. 童诗白，华成英主编，模拟电子技术基础，高等教育出版社，2001年
40. 杜民，方志成，新型水分快速测定仪器的研究，仪器仪表学报，1997年10月，18卷5期，p486－491