燕麦对小鼠抗疲劳作用研究
摘要
【目的】为了探索燕麦的抗疲劳作用,以及燕麦重要功能成分β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂对抗疲劳作用的贡献。【方法】以坝莜一号燕麦为原料,经炒制灭酶,制备燕麦全粉,分离提取燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂。按卫生部《保健食品功能学评价程序与检验方法》对燕麦全粉进行抗疲劳作用的功能学评价,同时确定其抗疲劳最优化剂量。在此基础上,以燕麦全粉抗疲劳的最佳优化剂量计算得到燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂的给药剂量,建立小鼠运动疲劳模型,测定小鼠力竭游泳时间;小鼠运动后体内肝糖原含量、代谢产物血清尿素氮含量、血清乳酸脱氢酶含量;小鼠运动后血液、肝脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量;制作肝脏石蜡切片,PAS染色,观察燕麦各组分对运动小鼠肝糖原形态分布的影响,从而探索燕麦抗疲劳作用效果和燕麦中起抗疲劳作用的关键组分。【结果】燕麦全粉具有显著的抗疲劳作用,燕麦各组分单独的抗疲劳作用不显著,对运动小鼠抗疲劳指标的影响度各不相同。【结论】通过研究得到以下结论:
⑴燕麦全粉具有显著的抗疲劳作用。高、低剂量组之间呈现明显剂效关系,燕麦全粉高剂量组21.44 g/(kg·d)在控制小鼠体重,提高运动耐力和运动后肝糖原储备方面与对照组比,达到极显著差异(p<0.01)。本试验确定燕麦全粉高剂量组作为燕麦抗疲劳的优化剂量。
⑵燕麦各组分抗疲劳效果评价表明:燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂单独均没有显著的抗疲劳效果,且各组间对抗疲劳指标的影响度各不相同。燕麦β-葡聚糖在提高小鼠游泳耐力和运动后肝糖原含量方面优于燕麦蛋白质和燕麦油脂。燕麦蛋白质在提高小鼠运动后LDH活力和降低小鼠运动后BUN含量方面优于燕麦β-葡聚糖和燕麦油脂。
⑶燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂均可增加小鼠运动后肝糖原含量,保证了充足的能量供应;可提高小鼠运动后血清乳酸脱氢酶活力,加速了乳酸在体内的代谢速率;可降低小鼠运动后血清尿素氮含量,减少了尿素氮堆积对机体的损伤,从而延缓疲劳的发生。肝糖原PAS染色表明,燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂均可以增加运动后小鼠肝脏糖原数量,燕麦β-葡聚糖效果最为明显。
⑷燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂均能有效缓解小鼠运动后机体氧化应激程度,具有升高运动后小鼠血清、肝脏和肌肉组织匀浆中SOD酶活力的作用;具有降低运动后小鼠血清、肝脏和肌肉组织匀浆中MDA的作用。
Objectives: This study aims to separateβ-glucan, protein and oil from oats respectively and to investigate the antifatigue effect of oats. The research has significant theoretical and practical meaning for the application and development of oats, relieving the increasing fatigue of modern people, as well as improving human health. Methods:“Bayou-1”the fine variety of oat in China was used as material to separate the oat whole powder, oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil after inactivate enzyme by fry. According to the evaluation procedure and test method of functions of healthcare food of the Ministry of Health in China, we evaluated the antifatigue function of oat whole powder, and also determined the optimal feeding dose of oat whole powder for mice. On the basis of this feeding dose, proper feeding dose of oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil were estimated to construct experimental model of mice. In this study, we investigated the exhaustion swimming time of mice, the glycogen content, serum urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase of mice after swim, as well as the activity of SOD and content of MDA in blood, liver and muscle of mice after exercise. Besides, through paraffin section and PAS stain methods, we observed the influence of different oat ingredients on the glycogen configuration distribution of mice after swim, in order to study the antifatigue effect of oat and find out which ingredient played the key role in antifatigue effect of oat. Results: Oat whole powder had significant antifatigue effect. Each ingredient didn’t show significant antifatigue effect and their effects on the antifatigue indexs varied. Conclusion: We have drawn the following conclusions in the present study.
(1) Oat whole meal had significant antifatigue effect and the effect was dose-dependent. The high dose of 21.44 g/(kg·d)oat whole meal’s effect on controlling the mice weight, improving the sport durability and glycogen reservation of mice had the most significant difference (p<0.01) compared with the control group. So the high feeding dose was determined as the optimal dose for antifatigue effect of oat.
(2) Oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil did not show significant antifatigue effect and their effects on the antifatigue indexes varied. Oatβ-glucan showed better effect on improving swimming durability and glycogen reservation after exercise than oat protein and oat oil. Oat protein had better effect on improving the LDH activity of mice and reducing the content of BUN of mice after sport than oatβ-glucan and oat oil.
(3) Oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil could increase the content of glycogen to ensure the enough energy supply and improve the LDH activity of mice after exercise to accelerate the rate of metabolism of LA. They could reduce the content of serum urea nitrogen to lessen the injury to mice caused by urea nitrogen accumulation. They could also increase the content of glycogen of mice after exercise and decrease the content of BUN after exercise to delay the fatigue. The result of PAS stain of glycogen showed that oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil could increase the distribution number of mice glycogen, and oatβ-glucan had the most significant effect.
(4) Oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil could effectively relieve the oxidative stress in mice during sport, increase the SOD enzyme’s activity of serum, liver and muscle of mice after swimming as well as decrease the MDA content in serum, liver and muscle of mice after sport.
⑴燕麦全粉具有显著的抗疲劳作用。高、低剂量组之间呈现明显剂效关系,燕麦全粉高剂量组21.44 g/(kg·d)在控制小鼠体重,提高运动耐力和运动后肝糖原储备方面与对照组比,达到极显著差异(p<0.01)。本试验确定燕麦全粉高剂量组作为燕麦抗疲劳的优化剂量。
⑵燕麦各组分抗疲劳效果评价表明:燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂单独均没有显著的抗疲劳效果,且各组间对抗疲劳指标的影响度各不相同。燕麦β-葡聚糖在提高小鼠游泳耐力和运动后肝糖原含量方面优于燕麦蛋白质和燕麦油脂。燕麦蛋白质在提高小鼠运动后LDH活力和降低小鼠运动后BUN含量方面优于燕麦β-葡聚糖和燕麦油脂。
⑶燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂均可增加小鼠运动后肝糖原含量,保证了充足的能量供应;可提高小鼠运动后血清乳酸脱氢酶活力,加速了乳酸在体内的代谢速率;可降低小鼠运动后血清尿素氮含量,减少了尿素氮堆积对机体的损伤,从而延缓疲劳的发生。肝糖原PAS染色表明,燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂均可以增加运动后小鼠肝脏糖原数量,燕麦β-葡聚糖效果最为明显。
⑷燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白质和油脂均能有效缓解小鼠运动后机体氧化应激程度,具有升高运动后小鼠血清、肝脏和肌肉组织匀浆中SOD酶活力的作用;具有降低运动后小鼠血清、肝脏和肌肉组织匀浆中MDA的作用。
Objectives: This study aims to separateβ-glucan, protein and oil from oats respectively and to investigate the antifatigue effect of oats. The research has significant theoretical and practical meaning for the application and development of oats, relieving the increasing fatigue of modern people, as well as improving human health. Methods:“Bayou-1”the fine variety of oat in China was used as material to separate the oat whole powder, oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil after inactivate enzyme by fry. According to the evaluation procedure and test method of functions of healthcare food of the Ministry of Health in China, we evaluated the antifatigue function of oat whole powder, and also determined the optimal feeding dose of oat whole powder for mice. On the basis of this feeding dose, proper feeding dose of oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil were estimated to construct experimental model of mice. In this study, we investigated the exhaustion swimming time of mice, the glycogen content, serum urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase of mice after swim, as well as the activity of SOD and content of MDA in blood, liver and muscle of mice after exercise. Besides, through paraffin section and PAS stain methods, we observed the influence of different oat ingredients on the glycogen configuration distribution of mice after swim, in order to study the antifatigue effect of oat and find out which ingredient played the key role in antifatigue effect of oat. Results: Oat whole powder had significant antifatigue effect. Each ingredient didn’t show significant antifatigue effect and their effects on the antifatigue indexs varied. Conclusion: We have drawn the following conclusions in the present study.
(1) Oat whole meal had significant antifatigue effect and the effect was dose-dependent. The high dose of 21.44 g/(kg·d)oat whole meal’s effect on controlling the mice weight, improving the sport durability and glycogen reservation of mice had the most significant difference (p<0.01) compared with the control group. So the high feeding dose was determined as the optimal dose for antifatigue effect of oat.
(2) Oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil did not show significant antifatigue effect and their effects on the antifatigue indexes varied. Oatβ-glucan showed better effect on improving swimming durability and glycogen reservation after exercise than oat protein and oat oil. Oat protein had better effect on improving the LDH activity of mice and reducing the content of BUN of mice after sport than oatβ-glucan and oat oil.
(3) Oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil could increase the content of glycogen to ensure the enough energy supply and improve the LDH activity of mice after exercise to accelerate the rate of metabolism of LA. They could reduce the content of serum urea nitrogen to lessen the injury to mice caused by urea nitrogen accumulation. They could also increase the content of glycogen of mice after exercise and decrease the content of BUN after exercise to delay the fatigue. The result of PAS stain of glycogen showed that oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil could increase the distribution number of mice glycogen, and oatβ-glucan had the most significant effect.
(4) Oatβ-glucan, oat protein and oat oil could effectively relieve the oxidative stress in mice during sport, increase the SOD enzyme’s activity of serum, liver and muscle of mice after swimming as well as decrease the MDA content in serum, liver and muscle of mice after sport.
引文
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