长角直斑腿蝗越冬生态及交配策略的研究
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摘要
本文对分布于湖南长沙市郊长角直斑腿蝗的越冬成虫的生态学特征、光周期和温度对其滞育解除的影响以及成虫的交配策略进行了探讨,其结果如下：
长角直斑腿蝗越冬成虫具有繁殖滞育,短日条件诱导维持其滞育,而长日条件可以解除滞育。但30日的长日处理并不能完全解除长角直斑腿蝗的繁殖滞育,并且当转移至短日条件后其滞育仍可恢复。而60日的长日处理后,滞育强度会显著减弱。
在自然条件下,长角直斑腿蝗越冬时不仅会感受光周期的变化且也会感受温度的变化,温度对其滞育具重要作用,低温处理30日后,对其滞育有明显的解除的作用但并没有完全解除,可以推测其繁殖滞育的完全解除需更长时间的低温处理。
不仅低温对其滞育有解除作用,高温对其滞育也同样具有明显的解除作用。越冬中的成虫,于12月从户外转移至30℃的高温条件下,产卵前期仅为34日左右,且与光周期无关,可以认为在此温度条件下长角直斑腿蝗的繁殖滞育已被高温解除。而且随着转移至30℃时间的延迟,产卵前期逐渐缩短,可能是由于经历自然条件下的低温而使其滞育强度减弱,以及春季温度回升后自然条件下已开始繁殖发育。
在野外采集及对苗圃集团饲养成虫的观察中,均能在9、10月观察到长角直斑腿蝗雌雄成虫的交配行为。解剖越冬前的雌成虫中,11月后解剖雌成虫的受精囊内皆有精子的存在,亦即越冬前长角直斑腿蝗已完成交配。但雌成虫的卵巢在越冬前发育程度较低,越冬期间发育停滞,直到翌年春季随着温度的升高才进入快速发育阶段。
长角直斑腿蝗雌、雄成虫在越冬期间的死亡率存在差异,雄成虫的死亡率显著高于雌成虫。经测定,越冬中长角直斑腿蝗雌成虫的过冷却点显著高于雄成虫。说明长角直斑腿蝗越冬中雌、雄成虫的耐寒性存在差异,雌成虫的耐寒性高于雄成虫。
This paper studied the ecological characteristics of the overwintering adult,the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the termination of diapause and the mating tactics of adult in Stenocatantops splendens which were collected from Changsha suburb of Hunan Province.The results were as follows:
The short photoperiod could induce and maintain adult diapause. Long photoperiod could eliminate adult diapause. But the diapause could only be eliminated partly after exposed at long photoperiod for 30 days and the diapause could resume after transferring from long photoperiod to short photoperiod. However it could be weakened significantly after exposed at long photoperiod for 60 days.
The adult diapause of S. splendens could be affected by not only the temperature but also the photoperiod in nature. The temperature play a important role in the elimination of adult diapause. However it was not significant that the intensity of diapause is weakened after chilling at 10℃for 30 days. It could infer that it needed more time to terminate the diapause.
The high temperature could terminate the diapause as the low temperature could do. The pre-oviposition period of overwintering S. splendens were only about 34 days after transferred to 30℃from outside on December, and it had no relations with photoperiod. On the other hand, with delay of transferred to 30℃,the pre-oviposition period became more and more shorter. It could be conclude that the diapause of S. splendens was terminated by high temperature.
It could be seen that female of S. splendens mate with male when the adults were collected or raised outdoors on September and October. During the dissection of the female before winter, the sperms were found in every ovary of female after November. That was to say S. splendens had finished mating before winter. But the ovary didn't develop during the winter and it didn't develop until next spring when temperature was high.
The mortality of S. splendens was significantly different between male and female during winter. The percentage of male mortality was significantly higher than the percentage of female mortality. On the other hand, the supercooling point of female was significantly lower than that of male. So it could conclude that the cold tolerance was different between female and male. The female of S. splendens could safely survive severe winter for the cold tolerance of female was better than male's.
长角直斑腿蝗越冬成虫具有繁殖滞育,短日条件诱导维持其滞育,而长日条件可以解除滞育。但30日的长日处理并不能完全解除长角直斑腿蝗的繁殖滞育,并且当转移至短日条件后其滞育仍可恢复。而60日的长日处理后,滞育强度会显著减弱。
在自然条件下,长角直斑腿蝗越冬时不仅会感受光周期的变化且也会感受温度的变化,温度对其滞育具重要作用,低温处理30日后,对其滞育有明显的解除的作用但并没有完全解除,可以推测其繁殖滞育的完全解除需更长时间的低温处理。
不仅低温对其滞育有解除作用,高温对其滞育也同样具有明显的解除作用。越冬中的成虫,于12月从户外转移至30℃的高温条件下,产卵前期仅为34日左右,且与光周期无关,可以认为在此温度条件下长角直斑腿蝗的繁殖滞育已被高温解除。而且随着转移至30℃时间的延迟,产卵前期逐渐缩短,可能是由于经历自然条件下的低温而使其滞育强度减弱,以及春季温度回升后自然条件下已开始繁殖发育。
在野外采集及对苗圃集团饲养成虫的观察中,均能在9、10月观察到长角直斑腿蝗雌雄成虫的交配行为。解剖越冬前的雌成虫中,11月后解剖雌成虫的受精囊内皆有精子的存在,亦即越冬前长角直斑腿蝗已完成交配。但雌成虫的卵巢在越冬前发育程度较低,越冬期间发育停滞,直到翌年春季随着温度的升高才进入快速发育阶段。
长角直斑腿蝗雌、雄成虫在越冬期间的死亡率存在差异,雄成虫的死亡率显著高于雌成虫。经测定,越冬中长角直斑腿蝗雌成虫的过冷却点显著高于雄成虫。说明长角直斑腿蝗越冬中雌、雄成虫的耐寒性存在差异,雌成虫的耐寒性高于雄成虫。
This paper studied the ecological characteristics of the overwintering adult,the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the termination of diapause and the mating tactics of adult in Stenocatantops splendens which were collected from Changsha suburb of Hunan Province.The results were as follows:
The short photoperiod could induce and maintain adult diapause. Long photoperiod could eliminate adult diapause. But the diapause could only be eliminated partly after exposed at long photoperiod for 30 days and the diapause could resume after transferring from long photoperiod to short photoperiod. However it could be weakened significantly after exposed at long photoperiod for 60 days.
The adult diapause of S. splendens could be affected by not only the temperature but also the photoperiod in nature. The temperature play a important role in the elimination of adult diapause. However it was not significant that the intensity of diapause is weakened after chilling at 10℃for 30 days. It could infer that it needed more time to terminate the diapause.
The high temperature could terminate the diapause as the low temperature could do. The pre-oviposition period of overwintering S. splendens were only about 34 days after transferred to 30℃from outside on December, and it had no relations with photoperiod. On the other hand, with delay of transferred to 30℃,the pre-oviposition period became more and more shorter. It could be conclude that the diapause of S. splendens was terminated by high temperature.
It could be seen that female of S. splendens mate with male when the adults were collected or raised outdoors on September and October. During the dissection of the female before winter, the sperms were found in every ovary of female after November. That was to say S. splendens had finished mating before winter. But the ovary didn't develop during the winter and it didn't develop until next spring when temperature was high.
The mortality of S. splendens was significantly different between male and female during winter. The percentage of male mortality was significantly higher than the percentage of female mortality. On the other hand, the supercooling point of female was significantly lower than that of male. So it could conclude that the cold tolerance was different between female and male. The female of S. splendens could safely survive severe winter for the cold tolerance of female was better than male's.
引文
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