基于J2EE平台的MDA模型转换研究
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摘要
解决平台间的异构性、提升计算平台的抽象性，推动着软件技术和软件工程的发展。中间件技术屏蔽了底层分布式计算的复杂性和异构性，简化了分布式应用程序的开发，是对计算平台的一种抽象。但目前主流的中间件平台的互操作和集成困难，OMG对中间件平台再抽象，提出了MDA(Model Driven Architecture)。MDA作为一种新的软件开发模式，致力于提高软件开发行为的抽象级别，将业务逻辑定义为精确的高层抽象模型，减弱了各种语言和中间件平台的差异对软件开发造成的影响。模型驱动式软件开发(Mode Driven Development，MDD)就是对实际问题建模，并精化、转换模型，直至生成可执行代码的过程，软件的生命周期就是以模型为载体并由模型转换来驱动的过程。
实现MDA需要解决两个主要问题是如何有效地建立软件模型和如何有效进行模型间的转换，目前以UML及扩展机制作为建模标准语言已基本可以实现有效建模，但至今没有一个统一的方案进行有效地模型转换。模型转换是MDA的核心，也是目前MDA研究的热点。本文在对MDA核心概念定义和对模型划分的基础上，提出了一种基于J2EE中间件平台的MDA实现方案，并采用EJB、JMS、JNDI、RMI、JAXP等分布式技术，和XMI规范、产生式规则、转换引擎、组件模板、构件建模器等理念，对方案的实现思想进行了阐述。该实现方案在一定程度上消除了模型转换技术的异构性，具有分布性强、可扩展性好、资源利用率低、跨平台和规范等优点。
To solve the heterogeneity and promote the abstraction of computing platform promote the development of the software engineering. Middleware which is the abstraction of computing platform; it has shielded the complexity and heterogeneity of distributed computing, and simplified the development of the distributed application. However, the mutual operation and integration of mainstream middleware are very difficult. OMG putted forward Model Driven Architecture (MDA), which raised the abstraction level of middleware. Being a new kind of software development method. MDA dedicates to raise the abstraction level of software development, defines the business logic at high abstraction level, and weakens the affect which programming language or middleware has on software development. Model Driven Development is the process of setting up the model for actual problem, refining and transforming model, up to creating executable code, and the life cycle of software is the process of taking model as carrier and being model transformation driven.
The key problems of implementing MDA are how to build up the software model and how to transform the model effectively. At present, UML and its expanding mechanism can implement building up model on the whole, but there is not a uniform project for model transformation very effectively. Model transformations are the core and research focus of MDA at present. On the foundation of defining the core concept and dividing the model, this paper puts forward a kind of MDA blue print according to the middleware of J2EE,and elaborates the realization thought, which uses the distributed technique of EJB, JMS, JNDI, RMI, JAXP, and XMI Criterion, Production Rule, Transformation Engine, Component Template, Component Modeling. This project removes the heterogeneity of model transformation to some extent, and has the advantages of distribution, expansibility, cross-platform, resource utilization, and norm.
实现MDA需要解决两个主要问题是如何有效地建立软件模型和如何有效进行模型间的转换，目前以UML及扩展机制作为建模标准语言已基本可以实现有效建模，但至今没有一个统一的方案进行有效地模型转换。模型转换是MDA的核心，也是目前MDA研究的热点。本文在对MDA核心概念定义和对模型划分的基础上，提出了一种基于J2EE中间件平台的MDA实现方案，并采用EJB、JMS、JNDI、RMI、JAXP等分布式技术，和XMI规范、产生式规则、转换引擎、组件模板、构件建模器等理念，对方案的实现思想进行了阐述。该实现方案在一定程度上消除了模型转换技术的异构性，具有分布性强、可扩展性好、资源利用率低、跨平台和规范等优点。
To solve the heterogeneity and promote the abstraction of computing platform promote the development of the software engineering. Middleware which is the abstraction of computing platform; it has shielded the complexity and heterogeneity of distributed computing, and simplified the development of the distributed application. However, the mutual operation and integration of mainstream middleware are very difficult. OMG putted forward Model Driven Architecture (MDA), which raised the abstraction level of middleware. Being a new kind of software development method. MDA dedicates to raise the abstraction level of software development, defines the business logic at high abstraction level, and weakens the affect which programming language or middleware has on software development. Model Driven Development is the process of setting up the model for actual problem, refining and transforming model, up to creating executable code, and the life cycle of software is the process of taking model as carrier and being model transformation driven.
The key problems of implementing MDA are how to build up the software model and how to transform the model effectively. At present, UML and its expanding mechanism can implement building up model on the whole, but there is not a uniform project for model transformation very effectively. Model transformations are the core and research focus of MDA at present. On the foundation of defining the core concept and dividing the model, this paper puts forward a kind of MDA blue print according to the middleware of J2EE,and elaborates the realization thought, which uses the distributed technique of EJB, JMS, JNDI, RMI, JAXP, and XMI Criterion, Production Rule, Transformation Engine, Component Template, Component Modeling. This project removes the heterogeneity of model transformation to some extent, and has the advantages of distribution, expansibility, cross-platform, resource utilization, and norm.
引文
[1] 梅宏，申峻嵘。软件体系结构研究进展[J]。软件学报，2006，(6)：1257-1270．
[2] Alan Brown. An introduction to Model Driven rchitecture,[EB/OL]. http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/3100.html,2004.
[3] Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification.[S].OMG. 2006.1.
[4] Unified Modeling Language (UML) Specification Version 2.0. [S].OMG.2003.
[5] XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) Specification Version 2.0. [S].OMG.2003.5.
[6] Common Warehouse Metamodel(CWW) Specification Version 1.1. [S].OMG.2003.
[7] Ed Roman. Mastering Enterprise JavaBean(Third Edition)[M].Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indiana USA, 2005: 277-281.
[8] Sun Microsystems, Inc., Java EE5 Specification[EB/OL]. http://java.sun.com/j2ee/5.0/index.jsp,2005.
[9] Rick Reumann, Struttin' with Struts[EB/OL].http://www.reumann.net/struts/main.do.LESSON Ⅰ、LESSON Ⅱ、LESSON Ⅲ.
[10] Ed Roman, A few tips on deciding between EJB and COM [EB/OL].http://www.theserverside.com/articles/article.tss?l=EJB-ComPlus
[11] Michael Stal, Middle tier Components[EB/OL],http://www.stal.de/Downloads/middletier_components.pdf.Semens AG,Minneaplis,2000.
[12] Naveen Balani. Design service-oriented architecture frameworks with J2EE technology. [EB/OL],http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-designsoa/index.html,2004.
[13] Jim Knutson, Heather Kreger. Web Services for J2EE, Version 1.0[EB/OL], http://www.huihoo.org/openweb/web_services_for_j2ee/index_eng.shtml.htm,2002.
[14] D. Frankel. Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing[M], Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indiana, USA, 2003.
[15] Gabor Karsai, Aditya Agrawal. Graph Transformations in OMG Model-Driven Architecture[J], Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, Volume 3062/2004, 243-259.
[16] 刘阳，曹宝香。基于扩展有限状态机的工作流引擎设计与实现[J]．计算机工程与应用，2006，32：93-96．
[17] J. B. M. Goossenaerts. Architecting an Ubiquitous & Model Driven Information Infrastructure[J], Springer Boston, Volume 167/2005,23-30.
[18] Timothy J. Grose, Gray C. Doney, Stephen A. Brodsky. Masering XMI: Java Programming with XMI, XML, and UML[M]. Johm Wiley&Sons Inc, USA, 2003.
[19] The Middleware Company Research Team. Model Driven Development for J2EE Utilizing a Model Driven Architecture (MDA)Aproach Productivity Analysis. [EB/OL]. http://www.MiddlewareResearch.com.2003, 6.
[20] 吴春水，唐胜群。MDA中从PIM到PSM的模型转换[J]。计算机工程。2004，30(3)：1-3．
[21] Alan Monnox著，武欣、董怡然，等译。J2EE快速开发[M]。北京：机械工业出版社，2006．1：P120-136．
[22] 王强，何克清，等。基于MMF的互操作性软构件库管理模型的研究。计算机工程。2005，16：57-58．
[23] Joaquin Miller, Jishnu Mulwrji. MDA guide version 1.0.1 [EB/OL]. http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf,2003,6.
[24] 王学斌，王怀民，等。一种模型转换的纺织框架[J]。软件学报，2006，(6)：1423-1435
[25] Anneke Kleppe, Jos Warmer, Wim Bast. MDA Explained: The Model Driven Architecture: Practice and Promise[M], Addison Wesley, USA, 2003.
[26] 刘阳，曹宝香。基于J2EE考试系统的设计与实现[J]。计算机工程与设计，2007，28(4)：990-993。
[27] 蒋炎冰，邢春晓。模型驱动的体系结构研究综述。南京大学学报，2005，(10)：360-366
[28] 赵会群，王国仁。软件体系结构抽象模型。计算机学学报，2002，(7)：730-736
[29] Model Driven Architecture, The Architecture of Choice for a Changing World. [EB/OL].http://www.omg.org.
[30] Stephen J. Mellor], Marc J. Balcer, Stephen Mellor, Marc Balcer. Executable UML[M]: A Foundation for Model Driven Architecture. Addison-Wesley 2002-05-15.
[31] Craig Laiman[美]著，姚淑珍，等译。UML和模式应用：面向对象分析与设计导论[M]。北京：机械工业出版社，2001．24-25
[32] Art Taylor[美]著，李东升等译．JDBC数据库编程与J2EE[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．4．
[33] Demuth, B., Hussmann, H., Obermaier, S.: Experiments with XMI-based Transformations of Software Models, in: Online Proc. WTUML: Workshop on Transformations in UML(ETAPS 2001 Satellite Event) [EB/OL]. Genova, Apr. 2001, http://ase.arc.nasa.gov/wtuml01/
[34] RAKE-Ruby Make Documents[EB/OL]. http://rake.rubyforge.org/
[35] Ruby On Rails Documents[EB/OL]. http://www.rubyonrails.org/
[36] JRuby-Ruby Java Implementation[EB/OL].http://jruby.sourceforge.net/
[37] W3C, Extensible Markup Language (XML) [EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/XML/
[38] Atlas Transformation Language Docs[EB/OL].http://www.eclipse.org/gmt/atl/doc/
[39] Jack Greenfield. UML Profile for EJB[EB/OL].http://www.rational.com.
[40] Java~(TM) Metadata Interface(JMI) Specification. JSR 040, JCP. [S]. 2002.06.07
[41] BEA WebLogic Server 8.1 Overview,01/19/2004.[EB/OL].http://dev2dev.bea.com/pub/a/2004/01/WLS_81_Overview.html
[42] Delivering better Java~(TM) software, faster. [EB/OL].http://www.borland.com/resources/en/pdf/white_papers/jb_delivering_better_jav a_software_faster.pdf
[43] Pual Clements，Linda Northrop．“软件产品线——实践与模式(影印版)”．[M] 北京：清华大学出版社．2003．
[44] Erich Gamma，Richard Helm等著，李英军，马晓星，蔡敏，刘建中译．“设计模式-可复用面向对象软件的基础”．[M]北京：机械工业出版社，2003．180-200
[45] A review of OMG MOF 2.0 QVT Submissions and Recommendations towards the final Standard. [EB/OL].http://www.omg.org/docs/ad/03-08-02.pdf
[46] UML Profile for Public Draft Available. [EB/OL].http://www.jcp.org.
[2] Alan Brown. An introduction to Model Driven rchitecture,[EB/OL]. http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/3100.html,2004.
[3] Meta Object Facility (MOF) Core Specification.[S].OMG. 2006.1.
[4] Unified Modeling Language (UML) Specification Version 2.0. [S].OMG.2003.
[5] XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) Specification Version 2.0. [S].OMG.2003.5.
[6] Common Warehouse Metamodel(CWW) Specification Version 1.1. [S].OMG.2003.
[7] Ed Roman. Mastering Enterprise JavaBean(Third Edition)[M].Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indiana USA, 2005: 277-281.
[8] Sun Microsystems, Inc., Java EE5 Specification[EB/OL]. http://java.sun.com/j2ee/5.0/index.jsp,2005.
[9] Rick Reumann, Struttin' with Struts[EB/OL].http://www.reumann.net/struts/main.do.LESSON Ⅰ、LESSON Ⅱ、LESSON Ⅲ.
[10] Ed Roman, A few tips on deciding between EJB and COM [EB/OL].http://www.theserverside.com/articles/article.tss?l=EJB-ComPlus
[11] Michael Stal, Middle tier Components[EB/OL],http://www.stal.de/Downloads/middletier_components.pdf.Semens AG,Minneaplis,2000.
[12] Naveen Balani. Design service-oriented architecture frameworks with J2EE technology. [EB/OL],http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-designsoa/index.html,2004.
[13] Jim Knutson, Heather Kreger. Web Services for J2EE, Version 1.0[EB/OL], http://www.huihoo.org/openweb/web_services_for_j2ee/index_eng.shtml.htm,2002.
[14] D. Frankel. Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing[M], Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indiana, USA, 2003.
[15] Gabor Karsai, Aditya Agrawal. Graph Transformations in OMG Model-Driven Architecture[J], Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, Volume 3062/2004, 243-259.
[16] 刘阳，曹宝香。基于扩展有限状态机的工作流引擎设计与实现[J]．计算机工程与应用，2006，32：93-96．
[17] J. B. M. Goossenaerts. Architecting an Ubiquitous & Model Driven Information Infrastructure[J], Springer Boston, Volume 167/2005,23-30.
[18] Timothy J. Grose, Gray C. Doney, Stephen A. Brodsky. Masering XMI: Java Programming with XMI, XML, and UML[M]. Johm Wiley&Sons Inc, USA, 2003.
[19] The Middleware Company Research Team. Model Driven Development for J2EE Utilizing a Model Driven Architecture (MDA)Aproach Productivity Analysis. [EB/OL]. http://www.MiddlewareResearch.com.2003, 6.
[20] 吴春水，唐胜群。MDA中从PIM到PSM的模型转换[J]。计算机工程。2004，30(3)：1-3．
[21] Alan Monnox著，武欣、董怡然，等译。J2EE快速开发[M]。北京：机械工业出版社，2006．1：P120-136．
[22] 王强，何克清，等。基于MMF的互操作性软构件库管理模型的研究。计算机工程。2005，16：57-58．
[23] Joaquin Miller, Jishnu Mulwrji. MDA guide version 1.0.1 [EB/OL]. http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf,2003,6.
[24] 王学斌，王怀民，等。一种模型转换的纺织框架[J]。软件学报，2006，(6)：1423-1435
[25] Anneke Kleppe, Jos Warmer, Wim Bast. MDA Explained: The Model Driven Architecture: Practice and Promise[M], Addison Wesley, USA, 2003.
[26] 刘阳，曹宝香。基于J2EE考试系统的设计与实现[J]。计算机工程与设计，2007，28(4)：990-993。
[27] 蒋炎冰，邢春晓。模型驱动的体系结构研究综述。南京大学学报，2005，(10)：360-366
[28] 赵会群，王国仁。软件体系结构抽象模型。计算机学学报，2002，(7)：730-736
[29] Model Driven Architecture, The Architecture of Choice for a Changing World. [EB/OL].http://www.omg.org.
[30] Stephen J. Mellor], Marc J. Balcer, Stephen Mellor, Marc Balcer. Executable UML[M]: A Foundation for Model Driven Architecture. Addison-Wesley 2002-05-15.
[31] Craig Laiman[美]著，姚淑珍，等译。UML和模式应用：面向对象分析与设计导论[M]。北京：机械工业出版社，2001．24-25
[32] Art Taylor[美]著，李东升等译．JDBC数据库编程与J2EE[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．4．
[33] Demuth, B., Hussmann, H., Obermaier, S.: Experiments with XMI-based Transformations of Software Models, in: Online Proc. WTUML: Workshop on Transformations in UML(ETAPS 2001 Satellite Event) [EB/OL]. Genova, Apr. 2001, http://ase.arc.nasa.gov/wtuml01/
[34] RAKE-Ruby Make Documents[EB/OL]. http://rake.rubyforge.org/
[35] Ruby On Rails Documents[EB/OL]. http://www.rubyonrails.org/
[36] JRuby-Ruby Java Implementation[EB/OL].http://jruby.sourceforge.net/
[37] W3C, Extensible Markup Language (XML) [EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/XML/
[38] Atlas Transformation Language Docs[EB/OL].http://www.eclipse.org/gmt/atl/doc/
[39] Jack Greenfield. UML Profile for EJB[EB/OL].http://www.rational.com.
[40] Java~(TM) Metadata Interface(JMI) Specification. JSR 040, JCP. [S]. 2002.06.07
[41] BEA WebLogic Server 8.1 Overview,01/19/2004.[EB/OL].http://dev2dev.bea.com/pub/a/2004/01/WLS_81_Overview.html
[42] Delivering better Java~(TM) software, faster. [EB/OL].http://www.borland.com/resources/en/pdf/white_papers/jb_delivering_better_jav a_software_faster.pdf
[43] Pual Clements，Linda Northrop．“软件产品线——实践与模式(影印版)”．[M] 北京：清华大学出版社．2003．
[44] Erich Gamma，Richard Helm等著，李英军，马晓星，蔡敏，刘建中译．“设计模式-可复用面向对象软件的基础”．[M]北京：机械工业出版社，2003．180-200
[45] A review of OMG MOF 2.0 QVT Submissions and Recommendations towards the final Standard. [EB/OL].http://www.omg.org/docs/ad/03-08-02.pdf
[46] UML Profile for Public Draft Available. [EB/OL].http://www.jcp.org.