铁路救援基地选址模型与应用研究
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摘要
面对日益受到关注的铁路应急管理工作，如何做好事前阶段的各项准备已成为应急过程管理的重点之一。铁路救援基地是存储和管理铁路应急救援资源的主要场所，对铁路应急救援工作具有全局性的影响。科学合理地设置铁路救援基地，是加强铁路应急管理事前准备和提高应急服务能力的重要环节。论文通过现场调研、问卷调查、文献查阅、计算仿真等方法，解决救援基地层级选址理论的分析、建模、求解、应用和实例验证等问题。论文的主要研究工作如下：
（1）全面分析选址理论研究发展和铁路救援工作现状，提出响应不同事故、存储不同资源、提供不同等级救援服务的层级救援基地网络建设理念，根据中国铁路的组织机构特点、应急救援现状、救援资源服务能力的差异性，提出按枢纽和快速救援基地两级方案建设铁路救援基地网络。
（2）以层级救援基地理念和集合覆盖模型为基础，提出满足救援基地规划需求的层级规划选址模型；以层级救援基地理念和最大覆盖模型为基础，提出满足救援基地布局优化需求的层级优化选址模型。根据选址模型的特点，选取蚁群算法中的信息素更新方法和启发函数表达方法，采用蚁群算法求解选址模型。
（3）根据铁路救援的特点，分析确定救援基地选址的影响因素，提出影响因素的量化衡量标准。以铁路历史事故资料为依据，采用灰色关联分析法确定救援服务需求点各因素权重，综合提取救援服务需求点；以铁路救援专家评判为依据，采用层次分析法确定救援基地备选点各因素权重，采用数量化理论提取救援基地备选点；以铁路地理信息和线路里程信息为依据，采用线性参考技术抽象路径长度。
（4）以南昌铁路局基础数据为依据，开展选址模型实例应用研究。构建南昌铁路局救援基地选址模型，采用蚁群算法求解模型。全面比较模型求解方案与现有救援列车布局方案在救援基地数量、风险覆盖率、平均救援响应时间、最大/最小救援响应时间等多个方面的优劣。
通过救援基地选址模型和应用的研究，丰富了铁路救援和应急管理工作的理论基础。通过实例验证，本文提出的铁路救援基地层级选址模型和应用方法，能更好地满足中国铁路救援基地选址的决策需求。
It’s become the key point of emergency process management how to strengthenpreparation and prevention, because people keep watching the work of railway emergencymanagement. Railway Rescue Center (RRC) is the main place of storing and managingrailway emergency resources, and has broader impact to the whole railway emergency rescue.It is the important part to improve the railway prior management and emergency servicecapabilities which setting RRC scientifically and reasonably. We have settled problemsincluding analysis, modeling, solving, application and verification of RRC hierarchicallocation theory through survey, questionnaire, literature review and simulation in this paper.The main research works are as follows:
(1) We realized the research and development status of location theory comprehensivelyand analysised the difference of railway rescue resources according to the organizationcharacteristics and current rescue status of Chinese railway. Then the construction idea ofhierarchical RRC network for responding different incidents, storing different resources andservicing different rescue needs was put forward, the bub and fast RRC are the nodes of theRRC network.
(2) The RRC hierarchical programming location model was put forward based on theconstruction idea of hierarchical RRC network and Set Covering Model, this model isproposed to meet the programming needs of RRC development, and the RRC hierarchicaloptimization location model for the optimization needs of RRC development based on theconstruction idea of hierarchical RRC network and Maximal Covering Model. After that, AntColony Algorithm, one of the intelligent heuristic algorithms was applicated to solve themodel. The method of pheromone update and expression of heuristic function were changedto fit for the location models.
(3) The influencing factors which affect the abstract of RRC location models wereextracted, and the measurement standard of each factor was determined. Then, the generalabstract method based on Gray Relational Analysis(GRA) for rescue service demand nodewas suggested, in which we decided weights of each factors by GRA and the railwayhistorical incident records were the data in this method. The method based on AnalyticHierarchy Process(AHP) and Theory of Quantification for potential RRC site was suggested,in which we decided weights of each factors by AHP and the railway rescue expert’squestionnaires were the data in this method. The method based on Linear Referencing for connecting paths with demand node and potential RRC site was suggested, the railwaygeographic information and the mileage information of railway line are the data in thismethod.
(4) The hierarchical location models for Nanchang Railway Bureau were applied basedon the abstract method and the basic data of Nanchang. Then, the models were solved by AntColony Algorithm, and the comparison between the models’ solutions and the current statuswere carried out in the aspect of construction cost, risk coverage, overall average responsetime, maximum and minimum average response time.
The conclusion that RRC hierarchical location models can meet the RRC location needsvery well in china was drawn through the application and verification of location models. Inthe same time, the RRC hierarchical location theory enriches the study about rescue centerand emergency management in Chinese railway.
（1）全面分析选址理论研究发展和铁路救援工作现状，提出响应不同事故、存储不同资源、提供不同等级救援服务的层级救援基地网络建设理念，根据中国铁路的组织机构特点、应急救援现状、救援资源服务能力的差异性，提出按枢纽和快速救援基地两级方案建设铁路救援基地网络。
（2）以层级救援基地理念和集合覆盖模型为基础，提出满足救援基地规划需求的层级规划选址模型；以层级救援基地理念和最大覆盖模型为基础，提出满足救援基地布局优化需求的层级优化选址模型。根据选址模型的特点，选取蚁群算法中的信息素更新方法和启发函数表达方法，采用蚁群算法求解选址模型。
（3）根据铁路救援的特点，分析确定救援基地选址的影响因素，提出影响因素的量化衡量标准。以铁路历史事故资料为依据，采用灰色关联分析法确定救援服务需求点各因素权重，综合提取救援服务需求点；以铁路救援专家评判为依据，采用层次分析法确定救援基地备选点各因素权重，采用数量化理论提取救援基地备选点；以铁路地理信息和线路里程信息为依据，采用线性参考技术抽象路径长度。
（4）以南昌铁路局基础数据为依据，开展选址模型实例应用研究。构建南昌铁路局救援基地选址模型，采用蚁群算法求解模型。全面比较模型求解方案与现有救援列车布局方案在救援基地数量、风险覆盖率、平均救援响应时间、最大/最小救援响应时间等多个方面的优劣。
通过救援基地选址模型和应用的研究，丰富了铁路救援和应急管理工作的理论基础。通过实例验证，本文提出的铁路救援基地层级选址模型和应用方法，能更好地满足中国铁路救援基地选址的决策需求。
It’s become the key point of emergency process management how to strengthenpreparation and prevention, because people keep watching the work of railway emergencymanagement. Railway Rescue Center (RRC) is the main place of storing and managingrailway emergency resources, and has broader impact to the whole railway emergency rescue.It is the important part to improve the railway prior management and emergency servicecapabilities which setting RRC scientifically and reasonably. We have settled problemsincluding analysis, modeling, solving, application and verification of RRC hierarchicallocation theory through survey, questionnaire, literature review and simulation in this paper.The main research works are as follows:
(1) We realized the research and development status of location theory comprehensivelyand analysised the difference of railway rescue resources according to the organizationcharacteristics and current rescue status of Chinese railway. Then the construction idea ofhierarchical RRC network for responding different incidents, storing different resources andservicing different rescue needs was put forward, the bub and fast RRC are the nodes of theRRC network.
(2) The RRC hierarchical programming location model was put forward based on theconstruction idea of hierarchical RRC network and Set Covering Model, this model isproposed to meet the programming needs of RRC development, and the RRC hierarchicaloptimization location model for the optimization needs of RRC development based on theconstruction idea of hierarchical RRC network and Maximal Covering Model. After that, AntColony Algorithm, one of the intelligent heuristic algorithms was applicated to solve themodel. The method of pheromone update and expression of heuristic function were changedto fit for the location models.
(3) The influencing factors which affect the abstract of RRC location models wereextracted, and the measurement standard of each factor was determined. Then, the generalabstract method based on Gray Relational Analysis(GRA) for rescue service demand nodewas suggested, in which we decided weights of each factors by GRA and the railwayhistorical incident records were the data in this method. The method based on AnalyticHierarchy Process(AHP) and Theory of Quantification for potential RRC site was suggested,in which we decided weights of each factors by AHP and the railway rescue expert’squestionnaires were the data in this method. The method based on Linear Referencing for connecting paths with demand node and potential RRC site was suggested, the railwaygeographic information and the mileage information of railway line are the data in thismethod.
(4) The hierarchical location models for Nanchang Railway Bureau were applied basedon the abstract method and the basic data of Nanchang. Then, the models were solved by AntColony Algorithm, and the comparison between the models’ solutions and the current statuswere carried out in the aspect of construction cost, risk coverage, overall average responsetime, maximum and minimum average response time.
The conclusion that RRC hierarchical location models can meet the RRC location needsvery well in china was drawn through the application and verification of location models. Inthe same time, the RRC hierarchical location theory enriches the study about rescue centerand emergency management in Chinese railway.
引文
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