光栅信号模拟发生器的研制
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摘要
光栅传感器是一种高精度传感器,在线位移和角位移等精密测量领域有着广泛的应用;光栅传感器的后续处理技术是当前的研究热点,为了便于后续电路的设计及调试,本文研制了一种能够输出模拟光栅信号的专用信号发生器。
本文简要介绍了光栅位移检测系统的国内外研究现状以及光栅传感器测距原理,分析了光栅信号的输出特性,光栅传感器后续电路的组成及功能,在此基础上详细介绍了光栅信号模拟发生器的硬件、软件设计方法。
模拟器硬件部分以STC单片机为核心,通过数模转换方式输出模拟光栅信号,并配以实现波形调制等功能的外设电路,软件部分采用汇编语言进行开发,实现了光栅信号的参数选择及发生,设计了以键盘输入、LCD显示操作菜单的人机界面。
光栅模拟器能够输出双路正交信号,波形可在正弦波、方波两者间选择;输出波形频率可调、幅值可调;可实时模拟光栅传感器的正反向运动,并具有模拟信号位移值计算功能;仪器操作界面简单易懂,外观大方实用,轻巧便携,除作为专业光栅信号模拟器外也可作为普通信号源发生器使用。
实验表明,本文所研制的光栅信号模拟发生器满足设计要求,可应用于光栅传感器后续处理电路的调试和检验。
Grating sensor is a high precision sensor. It has been widely used in precise measurement field, such as linear and angular displacements, and so on. The succeeding processing technology of grating sensor is a hotspot of nowaday researching. For making the succeeding circuits easy to debug and design, a professional signal generator which can output simulant grating signals is developed in this paper.
The development state of grating displacement measurement system and measurement principle is briefly introduced in the thesis. The characteristic of the sensor signal is analyzed. The configuration and function of the following circuits of grating sensor are also analyzed. Based on all of these, the paper introduces the design of the hardware and software about the grating signal simulating generator.
The hardware of the generator is made up of STC microcomputer as a main processor. The simulating signals are generated by D/A converters. The generator has peripheral circuits to implement the signal modulation. The software, which is developed by assemble language, implements the preferences and generation of grating signal, designs human-machine interface that uses keyboard as input and LCD as manipulate menu display.
The grating signal generator can output double simulate sine and square signals. The frequency and amplitude of the signals are alterable and the directions can be simulated in real time. The generator has the function of simulate displacement calculation. The manipulation interface of the equipment is simple, practicality and easy to use. Besides using the equipment as a professional grating signal generator, it can also be used as a common signal generator.
The experiments prove that the grating simulating signal generator in this paper fulfils the requests and can be used in the debugging and testing of grating sensor’s succeeding circuits.
本文简要介绍了光栅位移检测系统的国内外研究现状以及光栅传感器测距原理,分析了光栅信号的输出特性,光栅传感器后续电路的组成及功能,在此基础上详细介绍了光栅信号模拟发生器的硬件、软件设计方法。
模拟器硬件部分以STC单片机为核心,通过数模转换方式输出模拟光栅信号,并配以实现波形调制等功能的外设电路,软件部分采用汇编语言进行开发,实现了光栅信号的参数选择及发生,设计了以键盘输入、LCD显示操作菜单的人机界面。
光栅模拟器能够输出双路正交信号,波形可在正弦波、方波两者间选择;输出波形频率可调、幅值可调;可实时模拟光栅传感器的正反向运动,并具有模拟信号位移值计算功能;仪器操作界面简单易懂,外观大方实用,轻巧便携,除作为专业光栅信号模拟器外也可作为普通信号源发生器使用。
实验表明,本文所研制的光栅信号模拟发生器满足设计要求,可应用于光栅传感器后续处理电路的调试和检验。
Grating sensor is a high precision sensor. It has been widely used in precise measurement field, such as linear and angular displacements, and so on. The succeeding processing technology of grating sensor is a hotspot of nowaday researching. For making the succeeding circuits easy to debug and design, a professional signal generator which can output simulant grating signals is developed in this paper.
The development state of grating displacement measurement system and measurement principle is briefly introduced in the thesis. The characteristic of the sensor signal is analyzed. The configuration and function of the following circuits of grating sensor are also analyzed. Based on all of these, the paper introduces the design of the hardware and software about the grating signal simulating generator.
The hardware of the generator is made up of STC microcomputer as a main processor. The simulating signals are generated by D/A converters. The generator has peripheral circuits to implement the signal modulation. The software, which is developed by assemble language, implements the preferences and generation of grating signal, designs human-machine interface that uses keyboard as input and LCD as manipulate menu display.
The grating signal generator can output double simulate sine and square signals. The frequency and amplitude of the signals are alterable and the directions can be simulated in real time. The generator has the function of simulate displacement calculation. The manipulation interface of the equipment is simple, practicality and easy to use. Besides using the equipment as a professional grating signal generator, it can also be used as a common signal generator.
The experiments prove that the grating simulating signal generator in this paper fulfils the requests and can be used in the debugging and testing of grating sensor’s succeeding circuits.
引文
1刘玉荣,张伯霖,肖曙红.光栅数显系统在点位测量中的误差分析及改进措施.计量与测试技术. 2000, (5): 12~14
2朱传新.基于DSP的光栅信号处理系统研究.重庆大学. 2007: 1~2
3卢国纲.光栅测量系统的发展趋势及水平.机械工人. 2000, (8): 20~22
4 Larke D. W. Intelligent instrumentation. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control. 2000, 22(1): 3~27
5 Chu Xingchun, Lu Haibao. Research on counting and subdividing method for orthogonal moiréinterference fringes signals. Journal of Test and Measurement Technology. 2004, 18(3): 249~252
6朱晓斌.电子测量仪器.电子工业出版社. 1996: 23~35
7 Michael Lauterbach.任意波形发生器在通讯测试中的应用.电子产品世界. 1997, (1): 76~80
8史海明.个人仪器多功能任意波形发生器的研制.仪表技术. 1988, (1): 26~29
9赵新民.智能化仪器设计基础.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 1999: 120~146
10 Popa Mircea1. Programmable signal generator based on advanced Tricore microcontrollers. IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications. 2007: 828~831
11 Zhang Yu, Pei Dongxing, Zu Jing. The Design of High Precision Signal Generator. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Test and Measurement. 2003, (1): 525~527
12 Zhang Xiaohong, Yue Yongjian, Liu Enhai. Speed control of stepping motor based on the grating signal. Opto-Electronic Engineering. 2000, 27(1): 29~32
13 Zhu Yanqing, He Yigang. Implementation of on-chip triangle-wave signal generator. Transactions of China Electro-technical Society. 2008, 23(10): 95~99
14 Shi Shiwen. Analysis of microcomputer based loss-of-field protection for large generators. Electric Machinesand Power Systems. 1996, 24(5): 467~476
15张开增,张迎新,王尚忠.高分辨率高稳定度宽带函数发生器的研制.华北工学院学报. 1996, 17(2): 165~168
16薛刚.基于DDS技术的任意波发生器.自动化与仪器仪表. 95(3): 58~60
17李殿奎.光栅计量技术.中国计量出版社. 1987, 45~48
18强锡富.传感器.第三版.机械工业出版社. 2005: 189~194
19 Liu Jingnan, Furuhashi Hideo. Precision position control systems using moire signals. IECON Proceedings. 1995, (2): 968~972
20 Hu Hanhui, Liao Zhaoshu. Approach to the Moire fringe with double frequency grating. 2005, 33(3): 72~74
21 Yi Ningka, Liu Xiaoting. Development and application of Moire grating-making instrument. Optical Technique. 1996, (6): 46~49
22马胜前.正交信号发生器的设计与实现.西北师范大学学报. 2006, 42(6): 31~33
23马晋国,罗飞路,沈国际.一种可程控正交信号发生器的研制.仪表技术. 1999, (2): 12~13
24 Franco Cabiati, Umberto Pogliano. High-Accuracy Two-Phase Digital Generator with Automatic Ratio and Control. IEEE Transactions Instrumentation and Measurement. 1999, 36(2): 411~417
25 Bernd Burchardt. A Digitally Programmable Multitone Generator for Coherent Signal Detection Measurement Systems. IEEE transactions Instrumentation and Measurement. 2002, 42(1): 73~75
26肖国玲,潘健,王波.一种基于DDS芯片AD9850的信号发生器.无锡职业技术学院学报. 2007, 6(5): 28~30
27 Cauwenberghs Gert. Micro power CMOS algorithmic D/A converter. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. Fundamental Theory and Applications. 1995, 41(11): 913~919
28袁正华. D/A变换器在模拟波形发生器中的应用.成都师专学报. 2001, 20(2): 37~39
29张毅刚等.新编MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 2003: 66~72
30 Iwashita Hiroyuki1, Watanabe Terukazu, Matsubara Kiyoshi1. Fieldprogrammable microcomputers and their applications. Hitachi Review. 1998, 47(7): 128~134
31 Lin Lei, Wang Houjun. Research on technique of real-time communication between programmable logic controller and microcomputer. International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems. 2004, (2): 1410~1413
32蔡惟铮.集成电子技术.高等教育出版社. 2004: 287
33张国雄,金篆芷.测控电路.机械工业出版社. 2000: 285~286
34 Rao. Guthikonda V. Microprocessors and micro computer system. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1982: 33
35 Wang HongTao, Zhou YouQing, Peng HongHai. Design of integrative experimental device for microcomputer protection based on DSP. Electric Power Automation Equipment. 2007, 27(1): 97~100
36胡应占,王兴举.单片机系统程序运行监视复位电路.电测与仪表. 2005, 42(2): 62~63
37万福君,潘松峰等.单片微机原理系统设计与应用.中国科技大学出版社. 2001: 254~267
38 D/A变换器在模拟波形发生器中的应用.成都师专学报. 2001, 20(2): 37~39
39邢远秀,陈姚节.键盘消抖电路的研究与分析.中国科技信息. 2008, 1(1): 67~68
40 Tseng YanHsin, Tsai DuMing. Using independent component analysis based process monitoring in TFT-LCD manufacturing. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers. 2006, 23(3): 262~267
41 Katoh Hidehiko. Technical trends of LCD products. NEC Research and Development. 1991, 32(4): 469~480
42带中文字库图形点阵液晶显示模块LCMxxZK使用说明书.北京青云创新科技发展有限公司. 2006: 1~13
43 Yang YauPo, Liu ChangHuan. Microcomputer loop communication network design. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers. 1985, 8(4): 429~436
44 Yang ByungDo, Choi JangHong, Han SeonHo. An 800MHz low-power direct digital frequency synthesizer with an on-chip D/A converter. IEEEJournal of Solid-State Circuits. 2004, 39(5): 761~774
45张毅刚,彭喜元,孟升卫. MCS-51单片机实用子程序设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2003. 156~157, 162~170
2朱传新.基于DSP的光栅信号处理系统研究.重庆大学. 2007: 1~2
3卢国纲.光栅测量系统的发展趋势及水平.机械工人. 2000, (8): 20~22
4 Larke D. W. Intelligent instrumentation. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control. 2000, 22(1): 3~27
5 Chu Xingchun, Lu Haibao. Research on counting and subdividing method for orthogonal moiréinterference fringes signals. Journal of Test and Measurement Technology. 2004, 18(3): 249~252
6朱晓斌.电子测量仪器.电子工业出版社. 1996: 23~35
7 Michael Lauterbach.任意波形发生器在通讯测试中的应用.电子产品世界. 1997, (1): 76~80
8史海明.个人仪器多功能任意波形发生器的研制.仪表技术. 1988, (1): 26~29
9赵新民.智能化仪器设计基础.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 1999: 120~146
10 Popa Mircea1. Programmable signal generator based on advanced Tricore microcontrollers. IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications. 2007: 828~831
11 Zhang Yu, Pei Dongxing, Zu Jing. The Design of High Precision Signal Generator. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Test and Measurement. 2003, (1): 525~527
12 Zhang Xiaohong, Yue Yongjian, Liu Enhai. Speed control of stepping motor based on the grating signal. Opto-Electronic Engineering. 2000, 27(1): 29~32
13 Zhu Yanqing, He Yigang. Implementation of on-chip triangle-wave signal generator. Transactions of China Electro-technical Society. 2008, 23(10): 95~99
14 Shi Shiwen. Analysis of microcomputer based loss-of-field protection for large generators. Electric Machinesand Power Systems. 1996, 24(5): 467~476
15张开增,张迎新,王尚忠.高分辨率高稳定度宽带函数发生器的研制.华北工学院学报. 1996, 17(2): 165~168
16薛刚.基于DDS技术的任意波发生器.自动化与仪器仪表. 95(3): 58~60
17李殿奎.光栅计量技术.中国计量出版社. 1987, 45~48
18强锡富.传感器.第三版.机械工业出版社. 2005: 189~194
19 Liu Jingnan, Furuhashi Hideo. Precision position control systems using moire signals. IECON Proceedings. 1995, (2): 968~972
20 Hu Hanhui, Liao Zhaoshu. Approach to the Moire fringe with double frequency grating. 2005, 33(3): 72~74
21 Yi Ningka, Liu Xiaoting. Development and application of Moire grating-making instrument. Optical Technique. 1996, (6): 46~49
22马胜前.正交信号发生器的设计与实现.西北师范大学学报. 2006, 42(6): 31~33
23马晋国,罗飞路,沈国际.一种可程控正交信号发生器的研制.仪表技术. 1999, (2): 12~13
24 Franco Cabiati, Umberto Pogliano. High-Accuracy Two-Phase Digital Generator with Automatic Ratio and Control. IEEE Transactions Instrumentation and Measurement. 1999, 36(2): 411~417
25 Bernd Burchardt. A Digitally Programmable Multitone Generator for Coherent Signal Detection Measurement Systems. IEEE transactions Instrumentation and Measurement. 2002, 42(1): 73~75
26肖国玲,潘健,王波.一种基于DDS芯片AD9850的信号发生器.无锡职业技术学院学报. 2007, 6(5): 28~30
27 Cauwenberghs Gert. Micro power CMOS algorithmic D/A converter. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. Fundamental Theory and Applications. 1995, 41(11): 913~919
28袁正华. D/A变换器在模拟波形发生器中的应用.成都师专学报. 2001, 20(2): 37~39
29张毅刚等.新编MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 2003: 66~72
30 Iwashita Hiroyuki1, Watanabe Terukazu, Matsubara Kiyoshi1. Fieldprogrammable microcomputers and their applications. Hitachi Review. 1998, 47(7): 128~134
31 Lin Lei, Wang Houjun. Research on technique of real-time communication between programmable logic controller and microcomputer. International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems. 2004, (2): 1410~1413
32蔡惟铮.集成电子技术.高等教育出版社. 2004: 287
33张国雄,金篆芷.测控电路.机械工业出版社. 2000: 285~286
34 Rao. Guthikonda V. Microprocessors and micro computer system. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1982: 33
35 Wang HongTao, Zhou YouQing, Peng HongHai. Design of integrative experimental device for microcomputer protection based on DSP. Electric Power Automation Equipment. 2007, 27(1): 97~100
36胡应占,王兴举.单片机系统程序运行监视复位电路.电测与仪表. 2005, 42(2): 62~63
37万福君,潘松峰等.单片微机原理系统设计与应用.中国科技大学出版社. 2001: 254~267
38 D/A变换器在模拟波形发生器中的应用.成都师专学报. 2001, 20(2): 37~39
39邢远秀,陈姚节.键盘消抖电路的研究与分析.中国科技信息. 2008, 1(1): 67~68
40 Tseng YanHsin, Tsai DuMing. Using independent component analysis based process monitoring in TFT-LCD manufacturing. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers. 2006, 23(3): 262~267
41 Katoh Hidehiko. Technical trends of LCD products. NEC Research and Development. 1991, 32(4): 469~480
42带中文字库图形点阵液晶显示模块LCMxxZK使用说明书.北京青云创新科技发展有限公司. 2006: 1~13
43 Yang YauPo, Liu ChangHuan. Microcomputer loop communication network design. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers. 1985, 8(4): 429~436
44 Yang ByungDo, Choi JangHong, Han SeonHo. An 800MHz low-power direct digital frequency synthesizer with an on-chip D/A converter. IEEEJournal of Solid-State Circuits. 2004, 39(5): 761~774
45张毅刚,彭喜元,孟升卫. MCS-51单片机实用子程序设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2003. 156~157, 162~170