涠洲11-4N油田始新统流沙港组一段油藏精细描述
|
摘要
本文将成熟的油藏描述技术引入新区油气勘探早期阶段,针对涠洲11-4N油藏的地质特点和测试成果,综合应用各种勘探开发资料,以石油地质学、现代沉积学、储层地质学、开发地质学和油藏工程等学科理论为指导,运用高分辨率层序地层学、高分辨率地震地层学、三维地质建模、油藏数值模拟等现代油藏描述技术和方法,以计算机技术为手段,对涠洲11-4N流一段油藏进行了精细描述研究,提出了相应的合理开发模式。
论文在涠西南凹陷构造形成和演化分析研究的基础上,利用三维地震、钻井等资料对该区流一段油藏进行了构造精细研究,建立了三维精细构造模型,编制了各小层的三维构造图,搞清了区内构造的分布特征和断层的发育分布规律。在前人研究的基础上,通过岩芯观察、沉积背景和沉积特征分析,进行了储层沉积微相研究,认为该区主要是扇三角洲相带,沉积微相主要有辫状主河道、河道侧翼相、分支河道相、近端前缘砂、远端前缘砂等。运用高分辨层序地层学的原理和方法,建立了研究区的层序地层格架,在骨架剖面对比的基础上,将流一段层系划分为6个短期基准面旋回,8个小层,为储层的精细描述奠定了基础。分析研究区成岩作用,利用岩心观察、薄片、粒度、常规物性等多种方法对研究区储层进行评价分析研究。压实作用、胶结作用严重影响了储层的储集性能,溶蚀作用对储层孔隙度有很大贡献,云母等碎屑矿物的蚀变作用使非均质性加强,孔隙结构复杂,储集性能降低。应用沉积、测井、地震反演方法建立小层属性确定性模型,在建立了储层原型模型后,优选随机模拟方法对储层进行随机模拟,建立储层预测模型和进行油藏数值模拟。提出了合理开发本区油藏的层系划分,井网、井距,开发方式和注水时机以及注水量及合理的开发方案部署,对下一步油藏开发效果,稳产和提高采收率有重要的指导意义,可供同类油藏的开发借鉴。
Introducing the mature reservoir description technology into the early time stage of the newly oil-gas exploration area,in view of the reservoir's geological character and the test results of WZ11-4N,applying various kinds of exploration and development materials,taking discipline theories of the petroleum geology,modern sedimentology,reservoir geology,development geology,reservoir engineering and so on as guidance,,making use of modern reservoir description technologies of high resolution sequence stratigraphy,high resolution seismic stratigraphy,three-dimensional geologic model building,numerical reservoir simulation and so on,and taking the computer technology as method,this thesis conducts a fine description research of the L1 member of WZ11-4N and proposes the corresponding reasonable development.
Based on the analysis of the hollow structural formation and evolution in the southwest WeiZhou island,making use of materials of 3D seismics,well drilling and so on,this thesis conducts a fine description of the reservoir of Liul member in this area,establishes three-dimensional fine structural model and structural map to the various subzones,and clarifies the distributed character of the structure in this area and the growth distributed rule of the fault step by step.Based on the previous researches,through observation of the core and analysis of depositional setting and the deposition character,the present research studies the the sedimentary microfacies of the reservoir and holds that this area was mainly the fan delta facies belt and that the microfacies are mainly braided channel facies,channel flank facies,branch channel facies,proximal frontal sands,distal frontal sands and so on.Utilizing the principle and the method of high resolution sequence stratigraphy,the present research establishes the sequence formation skeleton in research area.Based on the contrasting of the skeleton section,the present research divides Liul member into 6 short-term basal level cycles and 8 subzones,which lays a foundation for the fine description of reservoir. This thesis analyzes the diagenesis and conducts the appraisal analytical study of this area reservoir by making use of many kinds of methods such as the core observation,the thin slice,the granularity,the convention natural and so on.The compaction function and the cementation greatly influence the reservoir's accumulation performance;the corrosion function has contributed greatly to the reservoir porosity;the alteration function of detrital minerals such as mica strengthens the anisotropism, makes the pore structure complex and reduces the accumulation performance.Applying the methods of the deposition,the well logging and the earthquake inversion,the present research establishes subzone attribute deterministic model;after establishing the reservoir prototype model,by choosing the optimal random simulations method,the random simulations of the reservoir has been carried and the reservoir forecast model has been established and the numerical reservoir simulation has been carried.This thesis proposes the reasonable development plans which includes formation division,well pattern,well spacing,the development way and the timing of water injectionas as well as the water injection rate,which is significant as a guidance for the reservoir development,stable production and recovery enhancement and serves as reference to the similar reservoir as well.
论文在涠西南凹陷构造形成和演化分析研究的基础上,利用三维地震、钻井等资料对该区流一段油藏进行了构造精细研究,建立了三维精细构造模型,编制了各小层的三维构造图,搞清了区内构造的分布特征和断层的发育分布规律。在前人研究的基础上,通过岩芯观察、沉积背景和沉积特征分析,进行了储层沉积微相研究,认为该区主要是扇三角洲相带,沉积微相主要有辫状主河道、河道侧翼相、分支河道相、近端前缘砂、远端前缘砂等。运用高分辨层序地层学的原理和方法,建立了研究区的层序地层格架,在骨架剖面对比的基础上,将流一段层系划分为6个短期基准面旋回,8个小层,为储层的精细描述奠定了基础。分析研究区成岩作用,利用岩心观察、薄片、粒度、常规物性等多种方法对研究区储层进行评价分析研究。压实作用、胶结作用严重影响了储层的储集性能,溶蚀作用对储层孔隙度有很大贡献,云母等碎屑矿物的蚀变作用使非均质性加强,孔隙结构复杂,储集性能降低。应用沉积、测井、地震反演方法建立小层属性确定性模型,在建立了储层原型模型后,优选随机模拟方法对储层进行随机模拟,建立储层预测模型和进行油藏数值模拟。提出了合理开发本区油藏的层系划分,井网、井距,开发方式和注水时机以及注水量及合理的开发方案部署,对下一步油藏开发效果,稳产和提高采收率有重要的指导意义,可供同类油藏的开发借鉴。
Introducing the mature reservoir description technology into the early time stage of the newly oil-gas exploration area,in view of the reservoir's geological character and the test results of WZ11-4N,applying various kinds of exploration and development materials,taking discipline theories of the petroleum geology,modern sedimentology,reservoir geology,development geology,reservoir engineering and so on as guidance,,making use of modern reservoir description technologies of high resolution sequence stratigraphy,high resolution seismic stratigraphy,three-dimensional geologic model building,numerical reservoir simulation and so on,and taking the computer technology as method,this thesis conducts a fine description research of the L1 member of WZ11-4N and proposes the corresponding reasonable development.
Based on the analysis of the hollow structural formation and evolution in the southwest WeiZhou island,making use of materials of 3D seismics,well drilling and so on,this thesis conducts a fine description of the reservoir of Liul member in this area,establishes three-dimensional fine structural model and structural map to the various subzones,and clarifies the distributed character of the structure in this area and the growth distributed rule of the fault step by step.Based on the previous researches,through observation of the core and analysis of depositional setting and the deposition character,the present research studies the the sedimentary microfacies of the reservoir and holds that this area was mainly the fan delta facies belt and that the microfacies are mainly braided channel facies,channel flank facies,branch channel facies,proximal frontal sands,distal frontal sands and so on.Utilizing the principle and the method of high resolution sequence stratigraphy,the present research establishes the sequence formation skeleton in research area.Based on the contrasting of the skeleton section,the present research divides Liul member into 6 short-term basal level cycles and 8 subzones,which lays a foundation for the fine description of reservoir. This thesis analyzes the diagenesis and conducts the appraisal analytical study of this area reservoir by making use of many kinds of methods such as the core observation,the thin slice,the granularity,the convention natural and so on.The compaction function and the cementation greatly influence the reservoir's accumulation performance;the corrosion function has contributed greatly to the reservoir porosity;the alteration function of detrital minerals such as mica strengthens the anisotropism, makes the pore structure complex and reduces the accumulation performance.Applying the methods of the deposition,the well logging and the earthquake inversion,the present research establishes subzone attribute deterministic model;after establishing the reservoir prototype model,by choosing the optimal random simulations method,the random simulations of the reservoir has been carried and the reservoir forecast model has been established and the numerical reservoir simulation has been carried.This thesis proposes the reasonable development plans which includes formation division,well pattern,well spacing,the development way and the timing of water injectionas as well as the water injection rate,which is significant as a guidance for the reservoir development,stable production and recovery enhancement and serves as reference to the similar reservoir as well.
引文
[1]王允城.油气储层评价[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[2]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:11-15
[3]张团峰,王家华.油气储层随机模拟的地质应用[M].中国数学地质.地质出版社,1994
[4]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模[A].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[5]冯国庆.测井资料精细解释及储层随机模拟方法研究[D].西南石油学院,2001
[6]沈平平,宋新民,曹宏.现代油藏描述新方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003
[7]裘铎楠,王振彪.油藏描述新技术[C].CNPC油气田开发会议文集.石油工业出版社,1996:P62-72
[8]穆龙新.油藏描述的阶段性及特点[J].石油学报,2000(5):103-108
[9]熊琦华,王志章,张一伟.油藏描述研究的新进展[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995(3):96-101
[10]王志章,石占中.现代油藏描述技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[11]Miall A D.Architecture—element analysis:a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits.Earth Science Review,1985,22(4),261-308
[12]Miall A D.Reservoir heterogeneity in fluvial sandstone lessons from outcrops studies.AAPG,1988,72(6),682-697
[13]Miall A D.Architectural elements and bounding surface in fluvial deposits of kayenta formation(Lower Jurassic),South west Colorado.Sedimentary Geology,1988,55,233-231
[14]Tobaias H.D.Payenberg Dennis R.Braman and Andrew D.Miall Depositional environments and stratigraphic of the Late Cretaceous Milk River and Eagle formation,southern Alberta and north-central Montana:relationgships to shallow biogenic gas Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 2003Vol.51.NO2.155-176
[15]T.A.Cross And M.A.lessenger Sediment volume partitioning:rational for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation.Accepted for publication in Norwegian petroleum-forening conference volume "Predictive High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy",July,1996.
[16]Cross,T.A.Stratigraphic.architccture,correlationcongcepts,volumetric partitioning,facies differentiation and reservoir compartmentalization from the perspective of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.
[17]Cross,T.A.Application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to reservoir analysis.Subsurface Reservoir Characterization from outcrop observation:Proceedings of 7th Exploration and Production Research Conference:Paris,Technip,11-13.
[18]PerKent Pedersen et al.High resolution sequence stratigraphic architecture of a u ansgressive coastai succession:Albian Bow Island Formation,southwestern Alberta Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology Vol.50.NO.4(December,2003),441-477
[19]K.W.Shadey et al.Perspective on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata.AAPG Bulletin.1994.74(4):544-568
[20]赵澄林,朱平编.高邮凹陷高分辨率层序地层学及储层研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[21]尹太举,张昌民,赵红静,等.依据高分辨率层序地层学进行剩余油分布研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,25(4):79-52
[22]Hearn C Jet al.Geological factors infucencing reservoir performance of the Hartzog Draw Field,Wyoming[J],JPT.36(9):1335-1344
[23]窦之林.储层流动单元研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[24]郭燕华,熊琦华,吴胜和,等.陆相储层流动单元的研究方法[M].北京:石油大学学报,1999,23(6):66-69
[25]孙健评,徐学品,孙继伟,等.双河油田开发后期流动单元化分[J].新疆石油地质1999,20(2):154-157
[26]愈启泰.关于剩余油研究的探讨.石油勘探与开发,1997,24(2):75-79
[27]穆龙新.储层精细研究方法:国内外露头储层和现代沉积及精细地质建模研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[28]Ebanks W J Jr.Flow unit concept-integrated approcach to reservoir description for engineering projects[J].AAPG Annual Metting,AAPGBulletion1984
[29]]Guangming Ti,et al.Use of flow units as a tool for reservoir description:a case study,SPE Formation Evalution,199(6)
[30]Rodringuez A,Maraven S A.Facies moding and the flow unit concept as a sedimentlogical tool in reservoir description.a case study,SPE 18154
[31]J.C.Van Wagoner et al.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logscores and outcrops:concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies.AAPG Methods in Exploration Series 7.1990
[32]杨起主编.煤地质学进展[M].北京:科学出版社,1987
[33]穆龙新,陈亮编译.随机建模和地质统计学—原理、方法和实例研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社
[34]周丽清,熊琦华,吴胜和,等.随机建模中相模型的优选原则[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(1):C.8-71
[35]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[36]吴胜和,金振奎编.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[37]周丽清,赵丽敏,赵国梁,等.高分辨率地震约束相建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):56-58
[38]霍进.四维地震技术在稠油开采中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):80-82
[39]陈尊德编.储层地震属性优化方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[40]曾文冲.油气藏储集层测井评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[41]耿全喜,钟兴水.油田开发测井技术[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1992.2
[42]谭廷栋编.裂缝性油气藏测井解释模型与评价方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[43]申本科,刘大锰,郑秀娟,等.注聚三采期岩电参数的实验[J].北京:现代地质,2004,18(3):372-377
[44]A.J.Rosa and R.N.Home Reservoir Description by Well-Test Analasis by Use of Cyclic Flow-Rate Variation SPE Formation Evaluation,December 1997:247-254
[45]Dennis Denney A New Approach for Reservoir Characterization JPT 2003 Volume 5562-63
[46]J.L.Cairns and L.D.Felskamp 3D Visualization for Improved Reservoir Characterization SPE Computer Application JUN.1993
[47]An Interactive 3D—Mesh Builder for Fluid—Flow Reservoir Simulation SPE Computer Application JUN.1993
[48]王继贤.油藏描述软件系统及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[49]中国石油天然气集团公司勘探局油藏综合描述软件所.RIHC油藏综合描述系统操作手册.上.下册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[50]陈蓉,张传宝,杨卫东,等.三位可视化技术在吉和油田开发中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):87-88
[51]裘亦楠,薛叔浩,应凤样,等编,油气储层评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[52]罗平,应凤样编.储集岩基础实验分析新技术与新方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[53]罗明高编.定量储层地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[54]裘铎楠,薛叔浩,应凤样.中国陆相油气储集层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[55]姚伯初.南海海盆新生代的构造演化史[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(2):1-13.
[56]张启明,苏厚熙.北部湾盆地石油地质[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1989,9(3):71-81.
[57]卢林等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷和海中凹陷新生代局部构造演化史[J].海洋石油,2007,27(1):25-29.
[58]邓宏文,王洪亮,李熙吉吉.层序地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):177-184.
[59]郑荣才,彭军,吴朝容.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):249-255.
[60]邓宏文,王红亮,宁宁.沉积物体积分配原理—高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-313.
[61]邓宏文,王洪亮,李小孟.高分辨率层序地层对比在河流相中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):90-95,114.
[62]王洪亮,邓宏文.地层基准面原理在湖相储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):96-102.
[63]邓宏文,王洪亮,王敦则.古地貌对陆相裂谷盆地层序充填特征的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):293-296,303.
[64]吴朝容,郑荣才.辽河油田西部洼陷沙河街组高分辨率层序地层学特征[J].成都理工学院学报,1999,26(4):375-381.
[65]郑荣才,彭军.陕北志丹三角洲长6油层组高分辨率层序分析与等时对比[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):92-100.
[66]彭军,陈景山,郑荣才,等.百色盆地百岗组高分辨率层序分析及研究意义[J].地球学报,2002,23(2):153-158.
[67]柳梅青,陈亦军,郑荣才.川西新场气田蓬莱镇组陆相地层高分分辨率层序地层学研究[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):50-56.
[68]唐海发,赵彦超,于广瀛.高分辨率层序地层学在大牛地气田山一段地层对比中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(1):69-73.
[69]胡小强,石万忠.渤南凸起浅层高分辨率层序地层学研究[J].天然气地球科学,2000,11(6):15-19.
[70]刘海涛,陈少平.临南油田田呕块邻区沙三中亚段高分辨率层序地层的划分和含油气层序预测[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):200-202.
[71]王嗣敏,刘招君.高分辨率层序地层学在陆相地层研究中若干问题的讨论[J].地层学杂志,2004,28(2):179-184
[72]郑荣才,尹世民,彭军.基准面旋回结构与叠加样式的沉积动力学分析[J].沉积学报,2000.18(3):369-375
[73]Cross T A.,Lessenger M A.Sediment Volume Partitioning:Rationalefor Stratigraphic Model Evaluation and High-Resolution Stratigraphic Correlation[R].Accepted for publication in Norwegian Petroleums-Forening Conference Volume,July.1996,1-24
[74]郑荣才,彭军.陕北志丹三角洲长6油层组高分辨率层序分析与等时对比[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):98-99
[75]吴胜和.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社 2000,94-96
[76]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:11-15
[77]张团峰,王家华.油气储层随机模拟的地质应用.中国数学地质[M].地质出版社,1994
[78]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模[A].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[79]冯国庆.测井资料精细解释及储层随机模拟方法研究[D].西南石油学院,2001
[80]穆龙新.油藏描述的阶段性及特点[J]石油学报,2000(:5)103-108
[81]熊琦华,王志章,张一伟.油藏描述研究的新进展[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995(3):96-101
[82]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:11-13
[83]张团峰,王家华.油气储层随机模拟的地质应用.中国数学地质[M].地质出版社,1994
[84]陈亮,等.应用截断高斯随机模拟法研究沉积微相[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(6),74-75
[85]D.L.Jordon,et al,1995,Application of categorical indicator geoststistical for facies modeling in sand-rich turbidite system,SPE 30603
[86]L.Y.Hu,et al,1994,Random genetic simulation of the internal geomentry of deltaic sand bodies,SPE Formation,Dec.1994
[87]Jeffrey M.Yarus,et al,Stochastic modeling and geostatistics,AAPG,1994
[88]李少华等.应用改进的布尔方法建立砂体骨架模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(3):91-92
[89]M.Srivastava,Reservoir characterization with probability simulation,SPE 24753
[90]Suro-perez,L.Ramos Martinez,An Angorithm for the Stochastic Simulation of Sand Bodies,SPE 27024
[91]王留奇等.岩相骨架的地质统计模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(3):93-98
[92]A.G.Journel,et al,New method for reservoir mapping.JPT,Feb.1990
[93]李云省.分形地质统计学在储层非均质定量描述中的应用研究[D],西南石油学院,2001
[94]T.A.Gray,et al.1993,Critical comparison of kriging,fractal and Indicator Kriging techniques.APEA Journal 1993
[95]张永贵等.储层地质统计随机模拟[J].石油大学学报,1998,22(3):113-116
[96]M.K.Sen,et al,1992,Stochastic reservoir modeling using simulated annealing and genetic algorithm,SPE 29754
[97]G.B.Savioli,et al,Applications of simulated annealing of actual but a typical permeability data,1996,SPE 35345
[98]Ahmed Ouenes,et al,Application of simulated annealing and other global optimization methods to reservoir description:Myths and realities,1994,SPE 28415
[99]MacDonzld A.C.,et al.Stochastic Flow Unit Modeling of a North Sea Coastal-I)etaic Reservoir.First Break,V.10,NO.4,1992:124-133
[100]Bourgault G.Probability Field for the Post-Processing of Stochastic Simulation.Math Geology,C.28,NO.6,1996:723-734
[101]Kelka M.and Shibli,S.Description of Reservoir Properties Using Fractals,in Yarus.J.M and Chambers,R.L,eds.AAPG Computer Application in Geology NO.3,Stochastic Modeling and Gex～mtistics:Princi-ples,Methods and Case Studies:American Association of Petroleum Geolc～sts,Tulsa,OK,1994:261-272
[102]Begg s.h.,etal.Characterization of a Complex Fluvial-Deltaic Reservoir for Simulation.Paper SPE28098,Presented at the 1994 SPE Annual Technical Conference-Exhibition,New Orleans,LA,Sept.25-28:275-284
[103]Setta T,吴元.模拟技术的新发展[J].国外油气科技,1993,(3):51-54
[104]Watts J W.Reservoir simulation:past,present,and future[N].Paper SPE 38441presented at the SPE 1997 Reservoir Simulation Symposium Held in Dallas,Texas,USA.8-11June1997
[105]王者生,李祥贵.油藏模拟局域精细网格方法的扩展应用[J].石油大学学报(自科版),1993,17(5):123-128
[106]张烈辉,李允.混合网格在水平井油藏数值模拟中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,1995,17(1):63-69
[107]Shama R,孙明.混合-CVFE法在弹性网格油藏模拟中的应用[J].石油勘探开发情报,1995,(5):69-78
[108]Ganzer L J.Reservoir simulation using mixed models[N].Paper SPE 37981 presented at the SPE 1997 Reservoir Simulation Symposium Held in Dallas,Texas,USA.8-11 June 1997
[109]孟雅杰.一种实用的自动历史拟合方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(1):16-20
[110]李允.油藏模拟[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1999
[111]陈月明.油藏数值模拟基础[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1989
[112]常子恒.石油勘探开发技术(上册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[2]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:11-15
[3]张团峰,王家华.油气储层随机模拟的地质应用[M].中国数学地质.地质出版社,1994
[4]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模[A].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[5]冯国庆.测井资料精细解释及储层随机模拟方法研究[D].西南石油学院,2001
[6]沈平平,宋新民,曹宏.现代油藏描述新方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003
[7]裘铎楠,王振彪.油藏描述新技术[C].CNPC油气田开发会议文集.石油工业出版社,1996:P62-72
[8]穆龙新.油藏描述的阶段性及特点[J].石油学报,2000(5):103-108
[9]熊琦华,王志章,张一伟.油藏描述研究的新进展[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995(3):96-101
[10]王志章,石占中.现代油藏描述技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[11]Miall A D.Architecture—element analysis:a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits.Earth Science Review,1985,22(4),261-308
[12]Miall A D.Reservoir heterogeneity in fluvial sandstone lessons from outcrops studies.AAPG,1988,72(6),682-697
[13]Miall A D.Architectural elements and bounding surface in fluvial deposits of kayenta formation(Lower Jurassic),South west Colorado.Sedimentary Geology,1988,55,233-231
[14]Tobaias H.D.Payenberg Dennis R.Braman and Andrew D.Miall Depositional environments and stratigraphic of the Late Cretaceous Milk River and Eagle formation,southern Alberta and north-central Montana:relationgships to shallow biogenic gas Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 2003Vol.51.NO2.155-176
[15]T.A.Cross And M.A.lessenger Sediment volume partitioning:rational for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation.Accepted for publication in Norwegian petroleum-forening conference volume "Predictive High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy",July,1996.
[16]Cross,T.A.Stratigraphic.architccture,correlationcongcepts,volumetric partitioning,facies differentiation and reservoir compartmentalization from the perspective of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.
[17]Cross,T.A.Application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to reservoir analysis.Subsurface Reservoir Characterization from outcrop observation:Proceedings of 7th Exploration and Production Research Conference:Paris,Technip,11-13.
[18]PerKent Pedersen et al.High resolution sequence stratigraphic architecture of a u ansgressive coastai succession:Albian Bow Island Formation,southwestern Alberta Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology Vol.50.NO.4(December,2003),441-477
[19]K.W.Shadey et al.Perspective on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata.AAPG Bulletin.1994.74(4):544-568
[20]赵澄林,朱平编.高邮凹陷高分辨率层序地层学及储层研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[21]尹太举,张昌民,赵红静,等.依据高分辨率层序地层学进行剩余油分布研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,25(4):79-52
[22]Hearn C Jet al.Geological factors infucencing reservoir performance of the Hartzog Draw Field,Wyoming[J],JPT.36(9):1335-1344
[23]窦之林.储层流动单元研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[24]郭燕华,熊琦华,吴胜和,等.陆相储层流动单元的研究方法[M].北京:石油大学学报,1999,23(6):66-69
[25]孙健评,徐学品,孙继伟,等.双河油田开发后期流动单元化分[J].新疆石油地质1999,20(2):154-157
[26]愈启泰.关于剩余油研究的探讨.石油勘探与开发,1997,24(2):75-79
[27]穆龙新.储层精细研究方法:国内外露头储层和现代沉积及精细地质建模研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[28]Ebanks W J Jr.Flow unit concept-integrated approcach to reservoir description for engineering projects[J].AAPG Annual Metting,AAPGBulletion1984
[29]]Guangming Ti,et al.Use of flow units as a tool for reservoir description:a case study,SPE Formation Evalution,199(6)
[30]Rodringuez A,Maraven S A.Facies moding and the flow unit concept as a sedimentlogical tool in reservoir description.a case study,SPE 18154
[31]J.C.Van Wagoner et al.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logscores and outcrops:concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies.AAPG Methods in Exploration Series 7.1990
[32]杨起主编.煤地质学进展[M].北京:科学出版社,1987
[33]穆龙新,陈亮编译.随机建模和地质统计学—原理、方法和实例研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社
[34]周丽清,熊琦华,吴胜和,等.随机建模中相模型的优选原则[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(1):C.8-71
[35]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[36]吴胜和,金振奎编.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[37]周丽清,赵丽敏,赵国梁,等.高分辨率地震约束相建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):56-58
[38]霍进.四维地震技术在稠油开采中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):80-82
[39]陈尊德编.储层地震属性优化方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[40]曾文冲.油气藏储集层测井评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[41]耿全喜,钟兴水.油田开发测井技术[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1992.2
[42]谭廷栋编.裂缝性油气藏测井解释模型与评价方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[43]申本科,刘大锰,郑秀娟,等.注聚三采期岩电参数的实验[J].北京:现代地质,2004,18(3):372-377
[44]A.J.Rosa and R.N.Home Reservoir Description by Well-Test Analasis by Use of Cyclic Flow-Rate Variation SPE Formation Evaluation,December 1997:247-254
[45]Dennis Denney A New Approach for Reservoir Characterization JPT 2003 Volume 5562-63
[46]J.L.Cairns and L.D.Felskamp 3D Visualization for Improved Reservoir Characterization SPE Computer Application JUN.1993
[47]An Interactive 3D—Mesh Builder for Fluid—Flow Reservoir Simulation SPE Computer Application JUN.1993
[48]王继贤.油藏描述软件系统及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[49]中国石油天然气集团公司勘探局油藏综合描述软件所.RIHC油藏综合描述系统操作手册.上.下册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[50]陈蓉,张传宝,杨卫东,等.三位可视化技术在吉和油田开发中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):87-88
[51]裘亦楠,薛叔浩,应凤样,等编,油气储层评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[52]罗平,应凤样编.储集岩基础实验分析新技术与新方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[53]罗明高编.定量储层地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[54]裘铎楠,薛叔浩,应凤样.中国陆相油气储集层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[55]姚伯初.南海海盆新生代的构造演化史[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(2):1-13.
[56]张启明,苏厚熙.北部湾盆地石油地质[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1989,9(3):71-81.
[57]卢林等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷和海中凹陷新生代局部构造演化史[J].海洋石油,2007,27(1):25-29.
[58]邓宏文,王洪亮,李熙吉吉.层序地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):177-184.
[59]郑荣才,彭军,吴朝容.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):249-255.
[60]邓宏文,王红亮,宁宁.沉积物体积分配原理—高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-313.
[61]邓宏文,王洪亮,李小孟.高分辨率层序地层对比在河流相中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):90-95,114.
[62]王洪亮,邓宏文.地层基准面原理在湖相储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):96-102.
[63]邓宏文,王洪亮,王敦则.古地貌对陆相裂谷盆地层序充填特征的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):293-296,303.
[64]吴朝容,郑荣才.辽河油田西部洼陷沙河街组高分辨率层序地层学特征[J].成都理工学院学报,1999,26(4):375-381.
[65]郑荣才,彭军.陕北志丹三角洲长6油层组高分辨率层序分析与等时对比[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):92-100.
[66]彭军,陈景山,郑荣才,等.百色盆地百岗组高分辨率层序分析及研究意义[J].地球学报,2002,23(2):153-158.
[67]柳梅青,陈亦军,郑荣才.川西新场气田蓬莱镇组陆相地层高分分辨率层序地层学研究[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):50-56.
[68]唐海发,赵彦超,于广瀛.高分辨率层序地层学在大牛地气田山一段地层对比中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(1):69-73.
[69]胡小强,石万忠.渤南凸起浅层高分辨率层序地层学研究[J].天然气地球科学,2000,11(6):15-19.
[70]刘海涛,陈少平.临南油田田呕块邻区沙三中亚段高分辨率层序地层的划分和含油气层序预测[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):200-202.
[71]王嗣敏,刘招君.高分辨率层序地层学在陆相地层研究中若干问题的讨论[J].地层学杂志,2004,28(2):179-184
[72]郑荣才,尹世民,彭军.基准面旋回结构与叠加样式的沉积动力学分析[J].沉积学报,2000.18(3):369-375
[73]Cross T A.,Lessenger M A.Sediment Volume Partitioning:Rationalefor Stratigraphic Model Evaluation and High-Resolution Stratigraphic Correlation[R].Accepted for publication in Norwegian Petroleums-Forening Conference Volume,July.1996,1-24
[74]郑荣才,彭军.陕北志丹三角洲长6油层组高分辨率层序分析与等时对比[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):98-99
[75]吴胜和.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社 2000,94-96
[76]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:11-15
[77]张团峰,王家华.油气储层随机模拟的地质应用.中国数学地质[M].地质出版社,1994
[78]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模[A].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[79]冯国庆.测井资料精细解释及储层随机模拟方法研究[D].西南石油学院,2001
[80]穆龙新.油藏描述的阶段性及特点[J]石油学报,2000(:5)103-108
[81]熊琦华,王志章,张一伟.油藏描述研究的新进展[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995(3):96-101
[82]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:11-13
[83]张团峰,王家华.油气储层随机模拟的地质应用.中国数学地质[M].地质出版社,1994
[84]陈亮,等.应用截断高斯随机模拟法研究沉积微相[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(6),74-75
[85]D.L.Jordon,et al,1995,Application of categorical indicator geoststistical for facies modeling in sand-rich turbidite system,SPE 30603
[86]L.Y.Hu,et al,1994,Random genetic simulation of the internal geomentry of deltaic sand bodies,SPE Formation,Dec.1994
[87]Jeffrey M.Yarus,et al,Stochastic modeling and geostatistics,AAPG,1994
[88]李少华等.应用改进的布尔方法建立砂体骨架模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(3):91-92
[89]M.Srivastava,Reservoir characterization with probability simulation,SPE 24753
[90]Suro-perez,L.Ramos Martinez,An Angorithm for the Stochastic Simulation of Sand Bodies,SPE 27024
[91]王留奇等.岩相骨架的地质统计模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(3):93-98
[92]A.G.Journel,et al,New method for reservoir mapping.JPT,Feb.1990
[93]李云省.分形地质统计学在储层非均质定量描述中的应用研究[D],西南石油学院,2001
[94]T.A.Gray,et al.1993,Critical comparison of kriging,fractal and Indicator Kriging techniques.APEA Journal 1993
[95]张永贵等.储层地质统计随机模拟[J].石油大学学报,1998,22(3):113-116
[96]M.K.Sen,et al,1992,Stochastic reservoir modeling using simulated annealing and genetic algorithm,SPE 29754
[97]G.B.Savioli,et al,Applications of simulated annealing of actual but a typical permeability data,1996,SPE 35345
[98]Ahmed Ouenes,et al,Application of simulated annealing and other global optimization methods to reservoir description:Myths and realities,1994,SPE 28415
[99]MacDonzld A.C.,et al.Stochastic Flow Unit Modeling of a North Sea Coastal-I)etaic Reservoir.First Break,V.10,NO.4,1992:124-133
[100]Bourgault G.Probability Field for the Post-Processing of Stochastic Simulation.Math Geology,C.28,NO.6,1996:723-734
[101]Kelka M.and Shibli,S.Description of Reservoir Properties Using Fractals,in Yarus.J.M and Chambers,R.L,eds.AAPG Computer Application in Geology NO.3,Stochastic Modeling and Gex～mtistics:Princi-ples,Methods and Case Studies:American Association of Petroleum Geolc～sts,Tulsa,OK,1994:261-272
[102]Begg s.h.,etal.Characterization of a Complex Fluvial-Deltaic Reservoir for Simulation.Paper SPE28098,Presented at the 1994 SPE Annual Technical Conference-Exhibition,New Orleans,LA,Sept.25-28:275-284
[103]Setta T,吴元.模拟技术的新发展[J].国外油气科技,1993,(3):51-54
[104]Watts J W.Reservoir simulation:past,present,and future[N].Paper SPE 38441presented at the SPE 1997 Reservoir Simulation Symposium Held in Dallas,Texas,USA.8-11June1997
[105]王者生,李祥贵.油藏模拟局域精细网格方法的扩展应用[J].石油大学学报(自科版),1993,17(5):123-128
[106]张烈辉,李允.混合网格在水平井油藏数值模拟中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,1995,17(1):63-69
[107]Shama R,孙明.混合-CVFE法在弹性网格油藏模拟中的应用[J].石油勘探开发情报,1995,(5):69-78
[108]Ganzer L J.Reservoir simulation using mixed models[N].Paper SPE 37981 presented at the SPE 1997 Reservoir Simulation Symposium Held in Dallas,Texas,USA.8-11 June 1997
[109]孟雅杰.一种实用的自动历史拟合方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,1995,19(1):16-20
[110]李允.油藏模拟[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1999
[111]陈月明.油藏数值模拟基础[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1989
[112]常子恒.石油勘探开发技术(上册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001