基于遗传算法的船舶柴油机智能排气温度检测仪的研究
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摘要
柴油机气缸排气温度的高低,是柴油机运行时必须监测的一个重要参数。船舶柴油机排气温度过高的原因是燃油在气缸中未能完全燃烧而造成其在排气管中二次燃烧。船舶柴油机排气温度过高影响柴油机的正常工作,如造成气阀烧蚀,增压器部件故障等:排气温度过高还会引起发动机活塞与气缸的气蚀磨损,使增压器的转速下降,而造成充气系数下降,不能正常工作等。
本论文将传统的热电偶测温技术、遗传算法技术与单片机技术结合起来,设计了读数直观、准确并能进行自动和手动校准的数字式智能测温仪表。该仪表采用单片机芯片AT89C52作为微处理器,采用热电偶作为温度传感器,能够准确测量并显示柴油机12缸的排气温度,并能够实现温度超限报警。
论文主要由热电偶数学模型的建立、智能测温仪表的硬件设计和智能测温仪表的软件设计三个部分组成。
第一部分分析了热电偶和遗传算法的基本知识,设计了热电偶的信号调理电路,采用AD590解决了热电偶的冷端补偿问题。同时,建立了基于遗传算法的数学模型,解决了K型热电偶(镍铬-镍硅)的非线性问题。
第二部分设计了智能测温仪表的硬件,设计了智能测温仪表的电路,该智能测温仪表由五个主要部分组成:测温电路、模数转换、电源、键盘输入及数码管显示,介绍了各组成部分的主要芯片,设计了其接口电路。
第三部分设计了智能测温仪表的软件,采用模块化的程序设计方法,编写了适用于单片机的热电偶测温程序,解决了热电偶热电势与温度之间的非线性问题,减小了热电偶的氧化带来的测温误差,使得该智能测温仪表能够实现所需要的功能。
The diesel engine air cylinder discharge temperature is a key parameter which must be monitored during the operation of diesel engine. The reason of ship diesel engine's hyperpyrexia is the fuel's second combustion in the exhaust pipe caused by its imperfect combustion in the air cylinder. The hyperpyrexia of ships diesel engine affects its normal work, such as distorting and breaking the exhaust pipe to leak air and becoming a hidden fire danger, simultaneously it also pollutes the engine room and influences staff's normal work; The hyperpyrexia also causes the cavitations damage between engine piston and air cylinder and drops the rev of supercharger, then drops the charging coefficient, making it not in gear.
Combining the traditional thermo-element temperature measurement technology, the genetic algorithm technology and the monolithic integrated circuit technology, this paper designs a digital intelligent temperature measurement device which can calibrate automatically and the manually and can be read directly and accurately. Adopting monolithic integrated circuit chip AT89C52 as the microprocessor, and thermoelement as the temperature sensor, this device can measure and demonstrate the 12 diesel engine cylinder's exhaust temperatures correctly, and alarm the ultra temperature.
This thesis is composed by three parts: the establishment of the thermoelement mathematical model, the hardware design of the intelligent temperature measurement device and the software design of the intelligent temperature measurement device. The first part analyzes the elementary knowledge of thermoelement and the genetic algorithm, designs the thermoelement signal recuperation electric circuit, and uses AD590 to solve the thermo-element cold end compensation problem. At the same time, it establishes a mathematical model based on the genetic algorithm, and solves the non-linear problem of the K thermoelement (nichrome - nickel silicon). The second part of the thesis designs the hardware and the electric circuit of the intelligent temperature measurement device. This intelligent temperature measurement device is composed of five main parts: The temperature measurement electric circuit, a/d conversion, the power source, the keyboard entry and the nixietube demonstration. It also introduces each part's main chip, and designs its interface circuit.
The third part designs the software of the intelligent temperature measurement device, introduces procedure compilation tool KeilC51, and takes modular the programming method, compiles suitable thermo-element temperature measurement procedure for monolithic integrated circuit, solves the non-linear problem between the thermoelement thermoelectric force and the temperature, reduces the temperature measurement error brought by the thermo-element oxidation, and accomplishes all the functions this intelligent temperature measurement device needed.
本论文将传统的热电偶测温技术、遗传算法技术与单片机技术结合起来,设计了读数直观、准确并能进行自动和手动校准的数字式智能测温仪表。该仪表采用单片机芯片AT89C52作为微处理器,采用热电偶作为温度传感器,能够准确测量并显示柴油机12缸的排气温度,并能够实现温度超限报警。
论文主要由热电偶数学模型的建立、智能测温仪表的硬件设计和智能测温仪表的软件设计三个部分组成。
第一部分分析了热电偶和遗传算法的基本知识,设计了热电偶的信号调理电路,采用AD590解决了热电偶的冷端补偿问题。同时,建立了基于遗传算法的数学模型,解决了K型热电偶(镍铬-镍硅)的非线性问题。
第二部分设计了智能测温仪表的硬件,设计了智能测温仪表的电路,该智能测温仪表由五个主要部分组成:测温电路、模数转换、电源、键盘输入及数码管显示,介绍了各组成部分的主要芯片,设计了其接口电路。
第三部分设计了智能测温仪表的软件,采用模块化的程序设计方法,编写了适用于单片机的热电偶测温程序,解决了热电偶热电势与温度之间的非线性问题,减小了热电偶的氧化带来的测温误差,使得该智能测温仪表能够实现所需要的功能。
The diesel engine air cylinder discharge temperature is a key parameter which must be monitored during the operation of diesel engine. The reason of ship diesel engine's hyperpyrexia is the fuel's second combustion in the exhaust pipe caused by its imperfect combustion in the air cylinder. The hyperpyrexia of ships diesel engine affects its normal work, such as distorting and breaking the exhaust pipe to leak air and becoming a hidden fire danger, simultaneously it also pollutes the engine room and influences staff's normal work; The hyperpyrexia also causes the cavitations damage between engine piston and air cylinder and drops the rev of supercharger, then drops the charging coefficient, making it not in gear.
Combining the traditional thermo-element temperature measurement technology, the genetic algorithm technology and the monolithic integrated circuit technology, this paper designs a digital intelligent temperature measurement device which can calibrate automatically and the manually and can be read directly and accurately. Adopting monolithic integrated circuit chip AT89C52 as the microprocessor, and thermoelement as the temperature sensor, this device can measure and demonstrate the 12 diesel engine cylinder's exhaust temperatures correctly, and alarm the ultra temperature.
This thesis is composed by three parts: the establishment of the thermoelement mathematical model, the hardware design of the intelligent temperature measurement device and the software design of the intelligent temperature measurement device. The first part analyzes the elementary knowledge of thermoelement and the genetic algorithm, designs the thermoelement signal recuperation electric circuit, and uses AD590 to solve the thermo-element cold end compensation problem. At the same time, it establishes a mathematical model based on the genetic algorithm, and solves the non-linear problem of the K thermoelement (nichrome - nickel silicon). The second part of the thesis designs the hardware and the electric circuit of the intelligent temperature measurement device. This intelligent temperature measurement device is composed of five main parts: The temperature measurement electric circuit, a/d conversion, the power source, the keyboard entry and the nixietube demonstration. It also introduces each part's main chip, and designs its interface circuit.
The third part designs the software of the intelligent temperature measurement device, introduces procedure compilation tool KeilC51, and takes modular the programming method, compiles suitable thermo-element temperature measurement procedure for monolithic integrated circuit, solves the non-linear problem between the thermoelement thermoelectric force and the temperature, reduces the temperature measurement error brought by the thermo-element oxidation, and accomplishes all the functions this intelligent temperature measurement device needed.
引文
[1]白广来.船舶柴油机智能监测与智能诊断的研究.[博士学位论文].大连:大连海事大学,2003
[2]蒙绪武.柴油机排气温度过高的原因分析和解决措施.船海工程,2003,6:37-38
[3]陈浩.基于智能传感器和单片机的温度检测系统.[硕士学位论文].华北电力大学,2005
[4]王可宁.基于单片机的烘炉温度自动检测系统的研究与设计.[博士学位论文].东北林业大学,2004
[5]赵文敏.用VB6.0开发粮库编度陈测系统的监控软件.现代电子技术,2001;(4)
[6]苏三买.遗传算法及其在航空发动机非线性数学模型中的应用研究.西安:西北工业大学,2002
[7]田景文,高美娟.人工神经网络算法研究及应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006
[8]邢传鼎,杨家明,任庆生等编著.人工智能原理及应用.上海:东华大学出版社,2005
[9]周利祥.基于遗传算法的神经网络的研究与应用.[硕士学位论文].汕头:汕头大学,2007
[10]J.H.Holland.Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems.University of Michigan Press,1975
[11]De Jong K A.An Analysis of the Behavior of a Class of Genetic Adaptive System.Ph.D Dissertation,University of Michigan,1975
[12]Goldberg D E.Genetic Algorithms in Search,Optimization and Machine Learning.Addison-Wesley,1989
[13]M.Gcn,G.S.Wasscrman,and A.E.Smith.Special Issue on Genetic Algorithms and Industrial Engineering.International Journal of Computer & Industrial Engineering,Vol.30,No.4 1996
[14]B.Raton.Gcnctic Algorithms for Pattern Recognition.CRC Press,1996
[15]M.Shaunna,L.Tom and H.Abdulla.A Genetic Algorithm Environment for Star Pattern Recognition.Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems,Vol.6,1998
[16]H.Vafaic.Using Genetic Algorithms for Restructuring Feature Based Representation Spaces.Ph.D.dissertation,George Mason University,1997
[17]P.Mars,J.R.chen and R.Nambiar.Learning Algorithms:Theory and Applications in Signal Processing,Control and Communications.CRC Press,1996
[18]陈国良等.遗传算法及其应用.人民邮电出版社,1996
[19]云庆夏.进化计算.冶金工业出版社,2000
[20]周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及应用.国防工业出版社,1999
[21]张文修,梁怡.遗传算法的数学基础.西安交通大学出版社,2000
[22]刁在药、郑汉鼎、刘家壮、刘桂真编.面向二十一世纪教材—《运筹学》(第二版),高等教育出版社,2001年9月
[23]袁亚湘.非线性规划数值方法,上海科学技术出版社,1993年8月
[24]胡毓达.实用多目标最优化,上海科学技术出版社,1990年4月
[25]Belegundu,A.D.;Murthy,P.L.N.A new genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization.AIAA,NASA,and ISSMO,Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization,6th,Pt.2,A96-38879,1996
[26]Scaramuzzino,F.;Iuspa,L.Optimization of rotating disks via genetic algorithm ICAS proceedings Vol.1,1996
[27]Crossley,W.A.Genetic Algorithm approaches for multiobjective design of rotor systems.AIAA,NASA,and ISSMO,Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization,6th,Pt.1,A96-38740,1996
[28]Yanhu Guo,Guangbin He,and Andrew T.The Development of a Variable Schmidt Number Model for Jet-in-Crossflows Using Genetic Algorithms.AIAA 99-0671
[29]Homaifar,A.,Lai,H.,Y.and McCormick,V.,E.System Optimization of Turbofan Engines Using Genetic Algorithms.Appl.Math.Modelling 1994
[30]Srinivas,M.and Patnaik,L.M.,Adaptive Probabilities of Crossover and Mutation in Genetic Algorithms,IEEE Transactions on system,Man,and Cybernetics,1994,24(4):367-384
[31]S.H.Ling,H.K.lam,H.Rleung,and Y S.Lee.Improved Genetic Algorithm for Economic Load Dispatch with Vale-Point Loadings.IEEE,2003,18(5):462-469
[32]Fank H.F.Leng,H.K.Lam,S.H.Ling and Pete K.S.Tam.Tuning of the Structure and Parameters of Neural Network Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm.IEEE.2003,18(5):476-482
[33]蒋伟.遗传算法和神经网络在软件抗衰技术中的应用.[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2007
[34]宋德华,高鸿寿.低温热电偶.北京:中国计量出版社,1992
[35]Fenton A.W.The Theory of Thermoelectric Thermometers.United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority,1969
[36]Fenton A.W,etal.Thermocouples:Instabilities of Seebeck Coefficients.United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority,Report No.TRG 1447,Jan 1967
[37]刘军.基于神经网络的智能温度仪表的研制.[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[38]高瑞丽.基于CAN总线的智能温度变送器[硕士学位论文].青岛:山东科技大学,2004
[39]冯启蒙.微机多区温度自动控制系统.[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2004
[40]陈润泰,许馄.检测技术与智能仪表.中南工业大学出版社,1995
[41]吴立锋.遗传算法在热电偶热电特性线性化中应用.仪器仪表用户,2004.
[42]徐安,陈耀,李玲玲.单片机原理与应用[M].北京希望电子出版社,2003.
[43]Texas Instruments Inc.AT89C52.pdf.http://www.atmel.com.
[44]陆子明,徐长根.单片机设计与应用基础教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[45]胡乾斌,李光斌等.单片微型计算机原理与应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997
[46]Texas Instruments.CD74HC4067 Datasheet,2003
[47]朱伟光等.串行模数转换芯片TLC1549及其应用.机械工程师,2003,11:36-38
[48]高健.带串行控制的10位模数转换器TLC1549在8051系统中的应用.今日电子,2001,7:12-13
[49]Maxim Integrated Products.Serially Interfaced,8-Digit LED Display Drivers,1997
[50]徐爱钧编著.智能化测量控制仪表原理与设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,9
[51]雷升印,周元志.X5045芯片在单片机系统中应用的研究.武汉理工大学学报,2003,6:28-31
[52]杨瑞生.多能CPU监控器X5045.电子世界,2004,7:28-29
[53]刘光斌,刘冬,姚志成.单片机系统实用抗干扰技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[2]蒙绪武.柴油机排气温度过高的原因分析和解决措施.船海工程,2003,6:37-38
[3]陈浩.基于智能传感器和单片机的温度检测系统.[硕士学位论文].华北电力大学,2005
[4]王可宁.基于单片机的烘炉温度自动检测系统的研究与设计.[博士学位论文].东北林业大学,2004
[5]赵文敏.用VB6.0开发粮库编度陈测系统的监控软件.现代电子技术,2001;(4)
[6]苏三买.遗传算法及其在航空发动机非线性数学模型中的应用研究.西安:西北工业大学,2002
[7]田景文,高美娟.人工神经网络算法研究及应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006
[8]邢传鼎,杨家明,任庆生等编著.人工智能原理及应用.上海:东华大学出版社,2005
[9]周利祥.基于遗传算法的神经网络的研究与应用.[硕士学位论文].汕头:汕头大学,2007
[10]J.H.Holland.Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems.University of Michigan Press,1975
[11]De Jong K A.An Analysis of the Behavior of a Class of Genetic Adaptive System.Ph.D Dissertation,University of Michigan,1975
[12]Goldberg D E.Genetic Algorithms in Search,Optimization and Machine Learning.Addison-Wesley,1989
[13]M.Gcn,G.S.Wasscrman,and A.E.Smith.Special Issue on Genetic Algorithms and Industrial Engineering.International Journal of Computer & Industrial Engineering,Vol.30,No.4 1996
[14]B.Raton.Gcnctic Algorithms for Pattern Recognition.CRC Press,1996
[15]M.Shaunna,L.Tom and H.Abdulla.A Genetic Algorithm Environment for Star Pattern Recognition.Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems,Vol.6,1998
[16]H.Vafaic.Using Genetic Algorithms for Restructuring Feature Based Representation Spaces.Ph.D.dissertation,George Mason University,1997
[17]P.Mars,J.R.chen and R.Nambiar.Learning Algorithms:Theory and Applications in Signal Processing,Control and Communications.CRC Press,1996
[18]陈国良等.遗传算法及其应用.人民邮电出版社,1996
[19]云庆夏.进化计算.冶金工业出版社,2000
[20]周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及应用.国防工业出版社,1999
[21]张文修,梁怡.遗传算法的数学基础.西安交通大学出版社,2000
[22]刁在药、郑汉鼎、刘家壮、刘桂真编.面向二十一世纪教材—《运筹学》(第二版),高等教育出版社,2001年9月
[23]袁亚湘.非线性规划数值方法,上海科学技术出版社,1993年8月
[24]胡毓达.实用多目标最优化,上海科学技术出版社,1990年4月
[25]Belegundu,A.D.;Murthy,P.L.N.A new genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization.AIAA,NASA,and ISSMO,Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization,6th,Pt.2,A96-38879,1996
[26]Scaramuzzino,F.;Iuspa,L.Optimization of rotating disks via genetic algorithm ICAS proceedings Vol.1,1996
[27]Crossley,W.A.Genetic Algorithm approaches for multiobjective design of rotor systems.AIAA,NASA,and ISSMO,Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization,6th,Pt.1,A96-38740,1996
[28]Yanhu Guo,Guangbin He,and Andrew T.The Development of a Variable Schmidt Number Model for Jet-in-Crossflows Using Genetic Algorithms.AIAA 99-0671
[29]Homaifar,A.,Lai,H.,Y.and McCormick,V.,E.System Optimization of Turbofan Engines Using Genetic Algorithms.Appl.Math.Modelling 1994
[30]Srinivas,M.and Patnaik,L.M.,Adaptive Probabilities of Crossover and Mutation in Genetic Algorithms,IEEE Transactions on system,Man,and Cybernetics,1994,24(4):367-384
[31]S.H.Ling,H.K.lam,H.Rleung,and Y S.Lee.Improved Genetic Algorithm for Economic Load Dispatch with Vale-Point Loadings.IEEE,2003,18(5):462-469
[32]Fank H.F.Leng,H.K.Lam,S.H.Ling and Pete K.S.Tam.Tuning of the Structure and Parameters of Neural Network Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm.IEEE.2003,18(5):476-482
[33]蒋伟.遗传算法和神经网络在软件抗衰技术中的应用.[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2007
[34]宋德华,高鸿寿.低温热电偶.北京:中国计量出版社,1992
[35]Fenton A.W.The Theory of Thermoelectric Thermometers.United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority,1969
[36]Fenton A.W,etal.Thermocouples:Instabilities of Seebeck Coefficients.United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority,Report No.TRG 1447,Jan 1967
[37]刘军.基于神经网络的智能温度仪表的研制.[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[38]高瑞丽.基于CAN总线的智能温度变送器[硕士学位论文].青岛:山东科技大学,2004
[39]冯启蒙.微机多区温度自动控制系统.[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2004
[40]陈润泰,许馄.检测技术与智能仪表.中南工业大学出版社,1995
[41]吴立锋.遗传算法在热电偶热电特性线性化中应用.仪器仪表用户,2004.
[42]徐安,陈耀,李玲玲.单片机原理与应用[M].北京希望电子出版社,2003.
[43]Texas Instruments Inc.AT89C52.pdf.http://www.atmel.com.
[44]陆子明,徐长根.单片机设计与应用基础教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[45]胡乾斌,李光斌等.单片微型计算机原理与应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997
[46]Texas Instruments.CD74HC4067 Datasheet,2003
[47]朱伟光等.串行模数转换芯片TLC1549及其应用.机械工程师,2003,11:36-38
[48]高健.带串行控制的10位模数转换器TLC1549在8051系统中的应用.今日电子,2001,7:12-13
[49]Maxim Integrated Products.Serially Interfaced,8-Digit LED Display Drivers,1997
[50]徐爱钧编著.智能化测量控制仪表原理与设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,9
[51]雷升印,周元志.X5045芯片在单片机系统中应用的研究.武汉理工大学学报,2003,6:28-31
[52]杨瑞生.多能CPU监控器X5045.电子世界,2004,7:28-29
[53]刘光斌,刘冬,姚志成.单片机系统实用抗干扰技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
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