食品力学性能检测仪的设计与研究
摘要
食品力学性能检测仪是对食品品质进行客观评价的一种仪器,它可以避免传统的食品感观评价方法带来的主观因素的影响。从而对食品的品质评定和检测提供科学而客观的依据。目前,国外已有此类产品,如质构仪或物性分析仪等,但价格都很昂贵。国内对食品力学性能的检测仪器尚未检索到,因此,本设计填补了国内食品力学性能检测的空白,能为食品力学性能乃至食品品质提供科学、准确、客观的评价依据,从而为改善食品风味、质地、嗜好性提供科学的依据。
食品力学性能检测仪是通过机械传动装置将电机的旋转运动转变为滑块的直线运动,滑块沿导轨带动了动夹头运动,定夹头则固定在测力传感器上。通过放大电路和A/D转换,将这些力在单片机和PC机上进行显示和作数据处理。根据夹头的变化和对食品装夹方式的不同,检测的可以是拉力、压力或剪切力,再将检测的拉力、压力和剪切力指标转化为食品的力学(物理)性能指标,例如韧性、强度等,从而为食品的品质鉴定提供了参考的依据。该食品力学性能检测仪是一种多用途、多功能、智能化的检测仪器。
本文在充分调研了国内外对食品力学性能检测状况的基础上,分析和研究食品力学性能检测仪的检测原理,并重点论述了食品力学性能检测仪的电路系统的硬件设计和软件设计。在硬件设计方面,本文根据仪器的精度、实时性和成本要求,选择了合适的元器件,并以模块化的设计思路将仪器硬件分成几个模块进行分别的设计,各个模块调试成功后再合成一个完整的系统;从而保证了硬件的质量和便于维修调试。在软件设计方面,按照仪器预定完成的功能,根据硬件电路的设计,以模块化的设计方法完成单片机的初始化,模拟信号采样,信号处理,实时显示驱动和串口通信,以及PC机上程序的界面设计,串口通信设计和数据处理程序等。对研制的食品力学性能检测仪进行了标定和测试,针对面条和粉丝进行了多次测量,完成了其力学性能检测的信号采集,LED数据实时显示,同时数据可实时上传到PC机进行数据保存和处理。
食品力学性能检测仪的测量精度为0.368%,数据采集和保存时间为3次/秒。运行测试的结果表明,该仪器的各项指标都已满足设计要求,实现了食品力学性能的在线实时精确测量,是一种在食品检验和食品研究领域值得广泛推广的一种仪器。
The foodstuff mechanical properties tester, a detecting device for evaluating food quality objectively, can avoid being affected by personal factors in the traditional food tasting method, thus providing scientific and objective basis for testing food quality. Nowadays, the similar product such as Texture Analyser has been made abroad, which has a rather high price. However, this kind of device has not been found at home yet .So, this design fills the vacancy in national food mechanic properties test, and provides scientific foundation for improving the food flavor, texture and interest.
Foodstuff mechanical properties tester transforms the electro motor's rotation movement to slipper's straight line movement by mechanical transmission apparatus. The slipper's movement drives the motorial chuck to move along the guiding rail with another fixed chuck installed on force sensor. The detected force value displays and analyses the data on LED or PC by mu-circuit and A/D converter. According to the change of the chuck and the difference of the clamping type, it can detect pull, press or sheer force. Then these forces are converted into food mechanic characters such as toughness, strength and so on. In this way it provides the reference for food quality evaluation. This tester has multiple usages and functions and is an intelligent device.
On the basis of sufficient research on food mechanical properties tester home and abroad, this article analyzes and studies the testing principles of food mechanic properties, and puts the emphasis on the discussion of the detector's hardware and software design of electrical system. In the respect of hardware design, according to the precision, time and the cost of the detector, we select the appropriate chips and divide the whole hardware system into several modules to design respectively following the theory of module design. When each module is adjusted successfully, we combine them into a complete entity to ensure the high quality and the easy test of hardware. In the respect of software, according to the predicted function of this detector and the design of the hardware circuit, the software is specified as follows: initialization for MCU and system chips, sampling analog signals, signal process, real time display and serial port communication on MCU, and program interface design, serial port communication and data process on PC, etc. This tester is demarcated and tested and then is used to measure noodle and vermicelli for several times, completing the task of signal acquisition, real-time data display on LED and data transmission to PC for further processing and saving.
The tester's measurement accuracy is 0.368% and the sampling speed is 3 times per second. The result of the test shows that the performance of the whole detector has met the requirement of the design. Conclusion can be drawn that this kind of detector has made online accurate measurement of food mechanic properties come true and will enjoy a wide application in the field of food testing and studying.
食品力学性能检测仪是通过机械传动装置将电机的旋转运动转变为滑块的直线运动,滑块沿导轨带动了动夹头运动,定夹头则固定在测力传感器上。通过放大电路和A/D转换,将这些力在单片机和PC机上进行显示和作数据处理。根据夹头的变化和对食品装夹方式的不同,检测的可以是拉力、压力或剪切力,再将检测的拉力、压力和剪切力指标转化为食品的力学(物理)性能指标,例如韧性、强度等,从而为食品的品质鉴定提供了参考的依据。该食品力学性能检测仪是一种多用途、多功能、智能化的检测仪器。
本文在充分调研了国内外对食品力学性能检测状况的基础上,分析和研究食品力学性能检测仪的检测原理,并重点论述了食品力学性能检测仪的电路系统的硬件设计和软件设计。在硬件设计方面,本文根据仪器的精度、实时性和成本要求,选择了合适的元器件,并以模块化的设计思路将仪器硬件分成几个模块进行分别的设计,各个模块调试成功后再合成一个完整的系统;从而保证了硬件的质量和便于维修调试。在软件设计方面,按照仪器预定完成的功能,根据硬件电路的设计,以模块化的设计方法完成单片机的初始化,模拟信号采样,信号处理,实时显示驱动和串口通信,以及PC机上程序的界面设计,串口通信设计和数据处理程序等。对研制的食品力学性能检测仪进行了标定和测试,针对面条和粉丝进行了多次测量,完成了其力学性能检测的信号采集,LED数据实时显示,同时数据可实时上传到PC机进行数据保存和处理。
食品力学性能检测仪的测量精度为0.368%,数据采集和保存时间为3次/秒。运行测试的结果表明,该仪器的各项指标都已满足设计要求,实现了食品力学性能的在线实时精确测量,是一种在食品检验和食品研究领域值得广泛推广的一种仪器。
The foodstuff mechanical properties tester, a detecting device for evaluating food quality objectively, can avoid being affected by personal factors in the traditional food tasting method, thus providing scientific and objective basis for testing food quality. Nowadays, the similar product such as Texture Analyser has been made abroad, which has a rather high price. However, this kind of device has not been found at home yet .So, this design fills the vacancy in national food mechanic properties test, and provides scientific foundation for improving the food flavor, texture and interest.
Foodstuff mechanical properties tester transforms the electro motor's rotation movement to slipper's straight line movement by mechanical transmission apparatus. The slipper's movement drives the motorial chuck to move along the guiding rail with another fixed chuck installed on force sensor. The detected force value displays and analyses the data on LED or PC by mu-circuit and A/D converter. According to the change of the chuck and the difference of the clamping type, it can detect pull, press or sheer force. Then these forces are converted into food mechanic characters such as toughness, strength and so on. In this way it provides the reference for food quality evaluation. This tester has multiple usages and functions and is an intelligent device.
On the basis of sufficient research on food mechanical properties tester home and abroad, this article analyzes and studies the testing principles of food mechanic properties, and puts the emphasis on the discussion of the detector's hardware and software design of electrical system. In the respect of hardware design, according to the precision, time and the cost of the detector, we select the appropriate chips and divide the whole hardware system into several modules to design respectively following the theory of module design. When each module is adjusted successfully, we combine them into a complete entity to ensure the high quality and the easy test of hardware. In the respect of software, according to the predicted function of this detector and the design of the hardware circuit, the software is specified as follows: initialization for MCU and system chips, sampling analog signals, signal process, real time display and serial port communication on MCU, and program interface design, serial port communication and data process on PC, etc. This tester is demarcated and tested and then is used to measure noodle and vermicelli for several times, completing the task of signal acquisition, real-time data display on LED and data transmission to PC for further processing and saving.
The tester's measurement accuracy is 0.368% and the sampling speed is 3 times per second. The result of the test shows that the performance of the whole detector has met the requirement of the design. Conclusion can be drawn that this kind of detector has made online accurate measurement of food mechanic properties come true and will enjoy a wide application in the field of food testing and studying.
引文
[1]陈润生,马小愚,雷得天.肌肉嫩度计的鉴定和应用[J].东北农学院学报,1988,19(3):277-283
[2]孔晓玲.关于肌肉嫩度评价方法的比较研究[J].农业工程学报,2003(4):216-219
[3]屠康,姜松,朱文学.食品物性学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006.9
[4]Data Sheet.AD623 Single Suppy,Rail to Rail,Amplifier[M].Analog Devices
[5]Charles Kitchin,Lew Counts.A Designer's Guide to Instrumentation Amplifiers[M].Analog Devises,Inc,2005
[6]Data Sheet.TLC2543 12Bit Analog to Digital Converter[M].Texas Instruments
[7]ATMEL.AT89C2051 Microcontroller DATA BOOK[M].1995
[8]何立民.MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990
[9]汪晓平等.C语言高级实例解析[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004.8
[10]徐爱钧,彭秀华.Keil Cx51 V7.0单片机高级语言编程与uVision2应用实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004.6
[11]郑莉,刘慧宁,孟威.C++程序设计教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.7
[12]李华,孙晓民,李红青等.MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993.8
[13]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社2004.10
[14]马建明.数据采集与处理技术[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005.9
[15]Nuri N.Mohsenin.Physical properties of plant and animal materials[M].Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,1986
[16]孔晓玲.智能肌肉嫩度计的研制.农业机械学报[J].2003(1):76-78
[17]杜先锋,许时婴,王璋.食品成分对淀粉凝胶力学性能的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2002(2):6-8
[18]吴俊,谢笔钧,熊汉国.淀粉粒度对热塑性淀粉性能的影响研究[J].农业工程学报.2003(3):37-40
[19]Jeremiah L E,Gibson L L,Cunningham B.The influence of mechanical tenderization on the palatability of certain bovine muscles.Food Research International,1999,32(8):585-591
[20]郭庆民,黄业清.Visual C++高级界面特效制作百例[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2000
[21]罗学刚,陈彦,林晓艳.魔芋葡甘露聚糖去乙酰基改性制膜特性研究[J].食品科学.2002(2):15-17
[22]David Comer,Donald Comer.Fundamentals of Electronic Circuit Design[M],2003
[23]John G.Ackenhusen.Real-time Signal Processing Systems[M],2001
[24]Simon Haykin.Adaptive Filter Theroy[M],4E,2002
[25]British Standards Institution:Glossary of terms relating to sensory analysis of food.BS5098,1975
[26]Malcolm C.Bourne.Food texture and viscosity:concept and measurement[M].Academic Press,1982
[27]清源计算机工作室.Protel 99SE原理图与PCB及仿真[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1
[28]郁有文,常健,程继红.传感器原理及工程应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
[29]杨克俊.电磁兼容原理与设计技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2004
[30]谢淑如,郑光钦,杨渝生.Protel PCB 99SE电路板设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2001
[31]谭浩强.C程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1997.3
[32]丁元杰.单片微机原理及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.8
[33]S.Soclof.Design and Application of Analog Integrated Circuits.Prentice Hall,1992
[34](美)Charles Petzold著.Windows程序设计[M].北京:北京大学出版社.2000
[35]秦曾煌.电工学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1998.5
[36]朱虹等.电路分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.12
[37]谢嘉奎.电子线路[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.6
[38]张洪润.电子线路与电子技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005.4
[39]苏玉刚等.电力电子技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社.2003.4
[40]江晓安.数字电子技术[M].西安:西安电子科学技术大学.2001.9
[41]何其才.传感器及其应用电路[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003.5
[42]阎石.数字电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1998
[43]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2001
[44]黄冠斌,孙敏,杨传谱,孙亲锡.电路基础[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1993
[45]沈长生.常用电子元器件使用一读通[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2002
[2]孔晓玲.关于肌肉嫩度评价方法的比较研究[J].农业工程学报,2003(4):216-219
[3]屠康,姜松,朱文学.食品物性学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006.9
[4]Data Sheet.AD623 Single Suppy,Rail to Rail,Amplifier[M].Analog Devices
[5]Charles Kitchin,Lew Counts.A Designer's Guide to Instrumentation Amplifiers[M].Analog Devises,Inc,2005
[6]Data Sheet.TLC2543 12Bit Analog to Digital Converter[M].Texas Instruments
[7]ATMEL.AT89C2051 Microcontroller DATA BOOK[M].1995
[8]何立民.MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990
[9]汪晓平等.C语言高级实例解析[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004.8
[10]徐爱钧,彭秀华.Keil Cx51 V7.0单片机高级语言编程与uVision2应用实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004.6
[11]郑莉,刘慧宁,孟威.C++程序设计教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.7
[12]李华,孙晓民,李红青等.MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993.8
[13]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社2004.10
[14]马建明.数据采集与处理技术[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005.9
[15]Nuri N.Mohsenin.Physical properties of plant and animal materials[M].Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,1986
[16]孔晓玲.智能肌肉嫩度计的研制.农业机械学报[J].2003(1):76-78
[17]杜先锋,许时婴,王璋.食品成分对淀粉凝胶力学性能的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2002(2):6-8
[18]吴俊,谢笔钧,熊汉国.淀粉粒度对热塑性淀粉性能的影响研究[J].农业工程学报.2003(3):37-40
[19]Jeremiah L E,Gibson L L,Cunningham B.The influence of mechanical tenderization on the palatability of certain bovine muscles.Food Research International,1999,32(8):585-591
[20]郭庆民,黄业清.Visual C++高级界面特效制作百例[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2000
[21]罗学刚,陈彦,林晓艳.魔芋葡甘露聚糖去乙酰基改性制膜特性研究[J].食品科学.2002(2):15-17
[22]David Comer,Donald Comer.Fundamentals of Electronic Circuit Design[M],2003
[23]John G.Ackenhusen.Real-time Signal Processing Systems[M],2001
[24]Simon Haykin.Adaptive Filter Theroy[M],4E,2002
[25]British Standards Institution:Glossary of terms relating to sensory analysis of food.BS5098,1975
[26]Malcolm C.Bourne.Food texture and viscosity:concept and measurement[M].Academic Press,1982
[27]清源计算机工作室.Protel 99SE原理图与PCB及仿真[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1
[28]郁有文,常健,程继红.传感器原理及工程应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
[29]杨克俊.电磁兼容原理与设计技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2004
[30]谢淑如,郑光钦,杨渝生.Protel PCB 99SE电路板设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2001
[31]谭浩强.C程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1997.3
[32]丁元杰.单片微机原理及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.8
[33]S.Soclof.Design and Application of Analog Integrated Circuits.Prentice Hall,1992
[34](美)Charles Petzold著.Windows程序设计[M].北京:北京大学出版社.2000
[35]秦曾煌.电工学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1998.5
[36]朱虹等.电路分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.12
[37]谢嘉奎.电子线路[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.6
[38]张洪润.电子线路与电子技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005.4
[39]苏玉刚等.电力电子技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社.2003.4
[40]江晓安.数字电子技术[M].西安:西安电子科学技术大学.2001.9
[41]何其才.传感器及其应用电路[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003.5
[42]阎石.数字电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1998
[43]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2001
[44]黄冠斌,孙敏,杨传谱,孙亲锡.电路基础[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1993
[45]沈长生.常用电子元器件使用一读通[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2002
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