基于遗传算法的产品选择与生产计划模糊优化模型研究
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摘要
氯碱化工是我国国民经济建设和发展的重要产业。同时氯碱化工又是典型的传统经济发展模式,它违背了当代可持续发展的宗旨,其生产过程排放大量的废气、废水、废渣,且三废的利用率低,是一个高耗能、高污染的资源密集型产业,这也决定其成为最有潜力发展循环经济的产业之一。建立氯碱化工循环经济发展模式是整个社会实现循环经济发展模式的基础和关键。
通过对氯碱化工产品方案与生产进行合理规划,并对氯碱化工的生产过程进行绿色控制,不仅可以使氯碱化工企业获得丰厚的经济效益,还可以获得环境和社会效益,从而实现可持续发展。
本文针对氯碱化工产业的前沿热点问题,并结合多年来作者所在课题组对循环经济领域的相关研究的基础上,将循环经济的理念与我国氯碱化工行业的实际相结合,为氯碱化工行业的可持续发展提供一套有参考价值的模型和方法体系。首先,对与论文相关的基本概念和理论进行界定和阐述,主要包括循环经济理论、绿色生产理论、模糊集理论、以及遗传算法的简介。为论文以后的研究打下理论基础。其次,为氯碱化工生产过程中副产品的处理提供了两个下游产品选择模型,即当期初投资金额和投资回收期的净现金流为模糊变量时,产品选择的基于可信性测度的模糊机会约束规划模型和模糊机会约束目标规划模型,并采用两种方法对模型进行求解:当模糊变量是三角模糊数时,将模糊模型转化为确定意义下的清晰等价模型进行求解;对于那些无法转化为清晰等价形式的复杂情况,设计了一种基于模糊模拟的遗传算法。这两个模型也可应用于氯碱化工主产品精细化生产的下游产品选择问题,为决策者选择投资产品提供了帮助。再次,对于选择出来的下游产品以及主产品如何生产问题进行了生产计划分析,建立了基本的生产计划模型以及考虑节能减排等因素的多目标生产计划模型,然后讨论了模糊环境下氯碱化工下游产品生产计划问题,给出了确定生产量和库存量的模糊期望目标规划模型,并且设计了基于模糊模拟的遗传算法对模型进行求解。最后,分别从资源消耗和环境影响两个方面对氯碱化工绿色生产的实施展开研究,建立了资源投入的多目标模糊优化模型,并提出了基于生态指示器99的生产过程环境影响分析方法。针对上述各模型,均通过实例分析,证明各建模思想和算法的可行性和有效性。
Chlor-alkali chemical industry plays a very important role for China's economic development. Meanwhile chlor-alkali chemical industry is a typical traditional economic development mode, it's against to the tenet of today's sustainable development. There are a mass of waste gas, waste water and waste residue in chlor-alkali chemical industry, and the utilization rate of these waste is not high. Chlor-alkali chemical industry is a resource intensive, gas-guzzling and high pollution industry, as well as one of the most potential industry to develop circular economy.
To build chlor-alkali chemical industry development mode based on circular economy is the basis and key for the whole social economy to realize development mode of circular economy.
Through the reasonable planning of chlor-alkali chemical products selection and production,and the green control of chlor-alkali chemical production process, a chlor-alkali chemical enterprise can obtain not only the rich economic benefit, but also the environmental and social benefits, and the sustainable development can be realized. In this paper, according to the frontier hot topics of chlor-alkali chemical industry, and combining with the author's many years research of circular economy, a set of valuable model and method system is provided for the sustainable development of chlor-alkali chemical industry. Firstly, Basic concept and theory related to the paper is elaborated, mainly including the circular economic theory, green manufacturing theory, the fuzzy set theory, and the profile of genetic algorithm, which provides theoretical basis for the later research. Secondly, two models of downstream product selection are provided for the problem of how to deal with the by-product in chlor-alkali chemical production process. They are a fuzzy chance-constrained programming model and a fuzzy chance-constrained goal programming model based on credibility measure. And two methods are designed to solve the model. When the fuzzy variables are triangular fuzzy numbers, the crisp equivalent of the model are derived. When the model can’t be transformed into a crisp equivalent, a genetic algorithm based on fuzzy simulation is designed for solving the model problem. These two models can be also applied in downstream products selection problem of chlor-alkali chemical industry leading products, and can help decision makers to select investment products. Thirdly, production plan analysis is conducted for the problem of how to product the selected products and main products. A basic multistep and multiple products production plan model and a multi-objective production plan model that considers factors such as energy conservation and emissions reduction are established. Then, a fuzzy expectation goal programming model for the production plan of chlor-alkali chemical downstream products is built. And a genetic algorithm based on fuzzy simulation is designed for solving the model problem. Finally, separately from two aspects of resource consumption and environment impact, the implementation method of green manufacturing for chlor-alkali chemical industry is researched. A multi-objective fuzzy optimization model of resources input is built, and an environmental impact analysis method of the manufacturing process based on ecological indicator 99 is proposed. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate each of the modeling idea and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
通过对氯碱化工产品方案与生产进行合理规划,并对氯碱化工的生产过程进行绿色控制,不仅可以使氯碱化工企业获得丰厚的经济效益,还可以获得环境和社会效益,从而实现可持续发展。
本文针对氯碱化工产业的前沿热点问题,并结合多年来作者所在课题组对循环经济领域的相关研究的基础上,将循环经济的理念与我国氯碱化工行业的实际相结合,为氯碱化工行业的可持续发展提供一套有参考价值的模型和方法体系。首先,对与论文相关的基本概念和理论进行界定和阐述,主要包括循环经济理论、绿色生产理论、模糊集理论、以及遗传算法的简介。为论文以后的研究打下理论基础。其次,为氯碱化工生产过程中副产品的处理提供了两个下游产品选择模型,即当期初投资金额和投资回收期的净现金流为模糊变量时,产品选择的基于可信性测度的模糊机会约束规划模型和模糊机会约束目标规划模型,并采用两种方法对模型进行求解:当模糊变量是三角模糊数时,将模糊模型转化为确定意义下的清晰等价模型进行求解;对于那些无法转化为清晰等价形式的复杂情况,设计了一种基于模糊模拟的遗传算法。这两个模型也可应用于氯碱化工主产品精细化生产的下游产品选择问题,为决策者选择投资产品提供了帮助。再次,对于选择出来的下游产品以及主产品如何生产问题进行了生产计划分析,建立了基本的生产计划模型以及考虑节能减排等因素的多目标生产计划模型,然后讨论了模糊环境下氯碱化工下游产品生产计划问题,给出了确定生产量和库存量的模糊期望目标规划模型,并且设计了基于模糊模拟的遗传算法对模型进行求解。最后,分别从资源消耗和环境影响两个方面对氯碱化工绿色生产的实施展开研究,建立了资源投入的多目标模糊优化模型,并提出了基于生态指示器99的生产过程环境影响分析方法。针对上述各模型,均通过实例分析,证明各建模思想和算法的可行性和有效性。
Chlor-alkali chemical industry plays a very important role for China's economic development. Meanwhile chlor-alkali chemical industry is a typical traditional economic development mode, it's against to the tenet of today's sustainable development. There are a mass of waste gas, waste water and waste residue in chlor-alkali chemical industry, and the utilization rate of these waste is not high. Chlor-alkali chemical industry is a resource intensive, gas-guzzling and high pollution industry, as well as one of the most potential industry to develop circular economy.
To build chlor-alkali chemical industry development mode based on circular economy is the basis and key for the whole social economy to realize development mode of circular economy.
Through the reasonable planning of chlor-alkali chemical products selection and production,and the green control of chlor-alkali chemical production process, a chlor-alkali chemical enterprise can obtain not only the rich economic benefit, but also the environmental and social benefits, and the sustainable development can be realized. In this paper, according to the frontier hot topics of chlor-alkali chemical industry, and combining with the author's many years research of circular economy, a set of valuable model and method system is provided for the sustainable development of chlor-alkali chemical industry. Firstly, Basic concept and theory related to the paper is elaborated, mainly including the circular economic theory, green manufacturing theory, the fuzzy set theory, and the profile of genetic algorithm, which provides theoretical basis for the later research. Secondly, two models of downstream product selection are provided for the problem of how to deal with the by-product in chlor-alkali chemical production process. They are a fuzzy chance-constrained programming model and a fuzzy chance-constrained goal programming model based on credibility measure. And two methods are designed to solve the model. When the fuzzy variables are triangular fuzzy numbers, the crisp equivalent of the model are derived. When the model can’t be transformed into a crisp equivalent, a genetic algorithm based on fuzzy simulation is designed for solving the model problem. These two models can be also applied in downstream products selection problem of chlor-alkali chemical industry leading products, and can help decision makers to select investment products. Thirdly, production plan analysis is conducted for the problem of how to product the selected products and main products. A basic multistep and multiple products production plan model and a multi-objective production plan model that considers factors such as energy conservation and emissions reduction are established. Then, a fuzzy expectation goal programming model for the production plan of chlor-alkali chemical downstream products is built. And a genetic algorithm based on fuzzy simulation is designed for solving the model problem. Finally, separately from two aspects of resource consumption and environment impact, the implementation method of green manufacturing for chlor-alkali chemical industry is researched. A multi-objective fuzzy optimization model of resources input is built, and an environmental impact analysis method of the manufacturing process based on ecological indicator 99 is proposed. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate each of the modeling idea and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
引文
1一般将传统的制造业叫做动脉产业(arterial industry,AI);将以生产、流通、消费、废弃过程中产生的固体废物作为二次资源而建立的产业,称之为静脉产业(venous industry or recycling industry,VI or RI)。参见全浩,等.发展静脉产业是解决废弃物问题的根本途径.黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2005,4:150.
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